The astrocyte reaction to cerebral trauma was reviewed in this paper,which included the study model,detection technique,as well as the astrocyte changes in the morphology and metabolism.It was also prospected to their significance in medicolegal expertise.

Objective:To explore the effect of early exercise rehabilitation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:A total of 64 AMI patients with stable vital signs were randomly divided into early exercise reha-bilitation group (n=32)and routine rehabilitation group (n=32)according to number table method.Early exercise rehabilitation group received early exercise rehabilitation guidance by rehabilitation therapists on first day after on-set,while routine rehabilitation group received exercise rehabilitation guidance by rehabilitation therapists of same qualification after one-week absolute bed rest.Besides,the two groups received same therapy and nursing.Incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE:re-infarction,death,severe arrhythmias,angina pectoris after in-farction and heart failure),hospitalization days and condktion of life self-care ability were observed,compared and analyzed between two groups.Results:Before discharge,there were no significant difference in MACE incidence rate (40.63% vs.43.75%)and percentages of patients with life self-care ability (100% vs.96.88%)between early exercise rehabilitation group and routine rehabilitation group,P >0.05,but length of hospital stay in early rehabili-tation group [(9.23±1.45)d]was significantly shorter than that of routine rehabilitation group [(15.03±2.53) d],P <0.01. Conclusion:Early exercise rehabilitation training can shorten length of hospital stay and is safe in pa-tients with acute myocardial infarction.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumor which originates from bile duct epithelial cells, and its invasion and metastasis is an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients and the main causes of the high mortality.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a reversible biological process of transition from epithelial phenotype to stromal cell phenotype, which is closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis.The microRNA is an endogenous non-coding RNA with a sequence of 20~25 nucleotides, which participates in the occurrence and development of tumor, especially in the progress of tumor invasion and metastasis by complementary base pairing with the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the target gene at the post-transcriptional level.Herein, we present the mechanism of microRNA regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its effect on the invasion and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma.

To reduce and avoid the contradiction caused by the right of privacy in nursing practice, the author analyzed problems of patients'privacy in nursing: distance between nursing staffs cognition and practice; doctors' opinion is different from nurses'; the contradiction between privacy and informed consent; problems of privacy relate to bed side teaching; new contents brougth out by science development. Aiming at the problems, the author puts forward corresponding countermeasures: to enhance the study of law; to balance the right to privacy and informed consent; to respect patients'privacy, strengthen communication with patients; and to understand new contents about ethics.

0.05) . CONCLUSION: Gatifloxacin has no significant influence on pharmacokinetics of the hepatic injury model group as compared with the normal group.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of two kinds of preparations of valaciclovir hydrochloride.METHODS:This was a randomized two-way cross-over study.A total of 18 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive single oral dose of test valaciclovir tablets(trial group) or reference valaciclovir tablets(control group),with the plasma aciclovir concentrations determined by HPLC,the pharmacokinetics parameters calculated and the relative bioavailability evaluated using 3p97 program.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters test and reference valaciclovir hydrochloride tablets were as follows:AUC0～ 24:(12.85? 4.32) vs.(12.19? 4.63) ?g? h? mL-1;AUC0～ ∞:(14.65? 5.75) vs.(13.27? 5.03) ?g? h? mL-1;Cmax:(3.55? 0.92) vs.(3.71? 0.97) ?g? mL-1;tmax:(1.44? 0.43) h vs.(1.33? 0.37) h;t1/2:(6.23? 2.81) h and(4.55? 1.84) h.The relative bioavailability of the test valaciclovir tablets were(111.01? 23.52) %.CONCLUSION:The reference valaciclovir tablets and the test valaciclovir tablets were bioequivalent.

Objective To develop a synthetic medical image generation system which can provide test images for the validation of medical image segmentation algorithms.Methods The synthetic image was created based on the deformation of region of interest (ROI) in original clinical images.First the synthetic foreground boundarywas generated by the resampling of the Fourier descriptors of manually segmented foreground boundary in original image.Then all the ROI pixels were divided into 4 categories and their intensities were calculated by texture matching techniques.Results The intracranial hemorrhage image was selected as the original image,and the generated synthetic images were applied to validate the precision and accuracy of multi-threshold segmentation and level set algorithm.Conclusion The proposed system can rapidly generate synthetic images with realistic appearance of clinical cases and well define ground truth foreground boundary.It has strong practicality for quantitative validation of segmentation algorithms.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease.Prospective studies carried out in T1 DM pre-diabetic relatives have shown that the process of β-cell degeneration can take place before the disease manifests itself clinically.Scholars have made several breakthroughs in immune therapy for T1 DM.This paper will make a review of the latest progress in the antigen-specific,antibody-based,cell-based,and other immunotherapies of T1DM.

[Objective]To study the expression of Cad-Ⅱ gene in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) transfected with Cad-ⅡcDNA after autografted into the bone defects. [Method]The experimental model of ilium segment defect was established in 20 Japanese white rabbits.The rabbit MSCs were isolated,cultured and expanded in vitro,and then the MSCs,transfected with Cad-Ⅱ and compounded with collagen sponge were autografted into the ilium segment defect.At 4 weeks of operation,the MSCs/ collagen sponge were excised,and the expression of Cad-Ⅱ was evaluated with RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods.[Result]All of the bone defects treated with implants exhibited new bone formation at 4 weeks postoperatively.In the transfection group,Cad-Ⅱ gene mRNA expression was higher than that in the control group(P

Objective To investigate the frequency of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in limbic encephalitis (LE) syndrome and compare its clinical features with viral encephalitis.Methods Patients diagnosed with LE syndrome who admitted to Huashan Hospital between December 2015 and June 2016 were enrolled and screened for autoantibodies associated with AE (anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, anti-gamma-amino-butyric acid B-receptor, anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 and anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 antibodies) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. Their clinical features and auxiliary examinations were also collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results Fifty-four patients were diagnosed with LE syndrome, including 35 males and 19 females. The age of these patients was (38.98±17.29) (15-75) years. Twenty patients (37.0%) were identified as AE, 17 patients (31.5%) as viral encephalitis. Other cases included three (5.5%) with neurosyphilis, one (1.9%) with glioma and 13 (24.1%) of unknown cause. Young patients(15-29 years old)and patients older than 45 years accounted for 46.0% (17/37) and 37.8% (14/37) of all AE and viral encephalitis cases respectively. Patients with AE had longer disease progression time than patients with viral encephalitis ((22.45±11.62) d vs (6.24±2.95) d, t=6.015, P<0.01).Emergency hospitalization of patients with AE was less frequent than that of patients with viral encephalitis (3/20 vs 12/17, P=0.001). Patients with AE were less common to present with fever at disease onset than patients with viral encephalitis (8/20 vs 15/17, P=0.006). Seizures as the first neurological symptom were less common in AE than in viral encephalitis (2/20 vs 8/17, P=0.023). White blood cell counts in CSF were less frequently elevated in AE than in viral encephalitis (7/17 vs 12/15, P=0.036). The differences of age, gender, disease severity as well as abnormal rates of brain MRI, electroencephalogram and CSF protein were not statistically significant between the two groups. Tumors were discovered in 6 (6/19) patients with AE. Conclusions The frequency of AE in LE syndrome is not low. It is worthwhile to screen for autoantibodies associated with AE in patients diagnosed with LE syndrome. AE and viral encephalitis have their own characteristics, which could offer help in differential diagnosis between them and application of effective treatment.