The review summarized the diagnostic strategy of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and introduced some progress in clinic.As ischemic cerebrovascular diseases were highly heterogeneous,the review analyzed their characteristics step by step.Through the primary diagnosis,etiological diagnosis,evaluation of risk factors and factor analysis of the whole body,the review describe the diagnostic program of the diseases and provide suggestion about the individually therapy and prevention.

Objective To investigate the effects of preoperative anxiety on the recovery of anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy.Methods A total of 87 patients were enrolled who were undergoing elective laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy during July 2015 to June 2016.State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-1 was administered to the patients:patients with anxiety were included in the high-anxiety group (Group H) and patients witouth anxiety were included in the low-anxiety group (Group L) We observed the recovery of anesthesia and postoperative analgesia of the patients in two groups.Results In group H,the extubation time,the time for the Aldrete score to reach 9,were significantly longer;more agitation were found;and more fentanyl and parecoxib were needed.The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The age,BMI,operation time,anesthesia time of the patients in the two groups had no statistically significant differences (P＞0.05).Conclusion High anxiety has a negative effect on recovery from anesthesia and on postoperative pain control in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization and the economic value of the medicare drugs in our hospital. METHODS: The utilization of the medicare drugs in our hospital from 2001 to 2006 were analyzed statistically by sequencing drug consumption sum and DDDs. RESULTS: The consumption of medicare drugs represented 81.9% of the total drugs used in the clinic in our hospital. Both DDDs and consumption sum increased year on year. CONCLUSION: The utilization of medicare drugs was rational with good economic value, yet the application of new drugs was still on the high side in spite of their high prices.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic ciclosporin soft capsules with those of imported ciclosporin soft capsules METHODS:The drug concentration in blood were assayed by TDx after administration of a single oral dose of 300mg domestic or imported ciclosporin soft capsules to each of 12 healthy male volunteers in a randomized crossover study RESULTS:The AUC were(10 47?1 74)?g/(ml?h)and(10 71?1 45)?g/(ml?h),the Cmax were(1 91?0 31)?g/ml and(1 88?0 22)?g/ml,Tmax were(1 46?0 26)h and (1 38?0 31)h,for domestic and imported soft capsules,respectively The relative bioavailability of domestic ciclosporin soft capsules to imported ones was (97 59?9 71)% CONCLUSION:The result showed that the two soft capsules were bioequivalent

Objective To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) on the contents of monoaminergie transmitters in frontal lobes of rats with depression, and to explore the pathway and mechanism of electrical stimulation of cerebellum in treating depression. Methods A total of 30 Wistar rats were used tO establish the animal depression model by exposure to chronic stressing circumstances. Electrical stimulation delivered to the left cerebellar FN or left dentate nucleus (DN) for 1 h was used as the intervention. The contents of serotonin (5-HT), noradrenalin (NE) and dopamine (DA) in frontal lobe were determined with fluorospectropho-tometry. Results Compared with normal control group, the contents of 5-HT and NE in bilateral frontal lobes of depression model rats decreased significantly (P < 0. 001). No significant change of all three monoaminergic trans-mitters in normal rats was observed after stimulation of FN or DN (P > 0. 05), but significant increases of 5-HT and NE in right and left frontal lobes were observed in depression model rats after stimulation of FN (P < 0.05, P < 0.001; P <0.05, P <0.01), with the increase in right lobe more significant than in left lobes (P <0.05). In de-pression model rats underwent DN stimulation, significant increase of contents of all three monoaminergic transmitters in frontal lobes was observed. Conclusion ElectrieM stimulation of cerebellar FN can increase the contents of 5-HT and NE in frontal lobes of rats with depression, and this suggest that electrical stimulation might have therapeutic effect to depression.

MicroRNAs are one kind of endogenous noncoding small-molecular RNAs,which play an important role in regulating gene expression,cell proliferation and differentiation and a series of life activity.Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common malignant and life-threatening tumor with a high incidence and low 5-year survival rate.In recent years,the results of researches show that microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma have the function of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes as well as having a close relationship with the occurrence,progression,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To observe the effect of intellectual activity on the cognitive function of the elderly.Methods The longi-tudinal follow-up study and the cross-sectional study were undertaken among physical examination people.The intellectual activity group (92 cases,more than 60 years old)often to take part in any one or more of the following activities for 5 years and above:pla-ying chess,playing the game of go,playing mahjong,playing cards,playing checkers,calligraphy,painting,reading,etc.The frequen-cy of intellectual activity was more than once per week at least.According to gender,age and educational level,92 cases were screened out as the control group and the control group was not to take part in above-mentioned intellectual activities or occasionally attend.The respondents had no baseline cognitive impairment.MoCA,MMSE,ADL and self-made questionnaire were adopted to conduct the evaluation.One year later when health check-up,the above-mentioned scales were used to evaluate again.The score changes were compared between the control group and experimental group.Results When enrolling,there was no significant differences in the MoCA scores,MMSE scores and ADL scores between the two groups.One year later,the comparison of the MMSE scores and ADL scores between the control group and experimental group had no significant difference (P>0.05).The Mo-CA scores manifested 2 cases (2.2%)of below the critical value of cognitive impairment in the experimental group and 6 cases (6.5%)in the control group,reaching the mild cognitive impairment(MCI)standards,the difference between the two groups showed the statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion The intellectual activity may be beneficial for the prevention of cognitive decline of the elderly and the MoCA scale is more suitable for screening MCI.

Objective:To explore the differences of depressive emotion among youth, middle age and the senile depressive cancer patients. Methods:96 depressive cancer patients were assessed with a self-developed data-collecting form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (CPS) and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale(DAS).Results:There were differences in the total scores of BDI and the factor scores of depression, feeling of failure, dissatisfaction, self-feeling of guilty, self-dislike, intention of suicide, irritability, hypoactivity, hyposexuality, feeling of being punished, self-blame, crying, pessimism preoccupied viewpoint and body-image disturbance among the three groups. Conclusion:There are differences among depressive cancer patients of different age periods.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies threatening men's health, and the mechanisms underlying its initiation and progression are poorly understood. Last decade has witnessed encouraging progress in the studies of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which are considered to play important roles in tumor initiation, recurrence and metastasis, castration resistance, and drug resistance. Therefore, a deeper insight into PCSCs is of great significance for the successful management of prostate cancer. This article presents an overview on the location, origin, and markers of PCSCs as well as their potential correlation with tumor metastasis and castration resistance.
Disease Progression ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; etiology ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; etiology ; pathology

Objective To explore the etiology of hyperthyroid cardiomyopathy. Methods Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups: control group, levothyroxine(L-Thy) group, imidapril group, and valsartan group. Except the control group, rabbit model of hyperthyroidism was established by daily intraperitoneal injections of L-Thy (45 ?g?kg-1?d-1? 28 d), and the animals of later 2 groups received 0.5 mg/kg imidapril and 8 mg/kg valsartan respectively at same period. Ventricular tissues were collected at 4 weeks. Cardic hypertrophy index, cardiomyocyte diameter, structural and ultrastructural changes were detected. Cardiac fibrosis was displayed by Masson’s staining and collagen volume fraction (CVF) was measured using pathological image analytic system. Expressions of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) were evaluated with Western blot analyses. Results Compared with control group, rabbits of L-Thy group displayed remarkable myocardial hypertrophy, extracellular matrix fibrosis, and morphological changes in both structure and ultrastructure. Western blot analysis revealed increased protein expressions of ACE,ERK and p-ERK proteins. ERK and p-ERK expressions were correlated positively well with both cardiomyocyte diameter and CVF. Both imidapril and valsartan alleviated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, extracellular matrix fibrosis, and structural damage induced by L-Thy. Compared with L-Thy group, expressions of lower ERK and p-ERK were found in both imidapril and valsartan groups. Conclusion Renin-angiotension system (RAS) and ERK signaling pathway may play important roles in hyperthyroid cardiomyopathy. Activated RAS is possibly responsible for activation of ERK signaling pathway. Imidapril and valsartan may inhibit activation of ERK signaling pathway and retarding myocardial remodeling in hyperthyroid cardiomyopathy induced by L-Thy.