Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two high-mortality diseases in the world.Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that presence of COPD increases the risk of lung cancer.Habitual cigarette smoking frequently develops lung cancer as well as COPD,However the links between the two diseases should be more than smoking alone.The underlying mechanisms may include genetic predisposition,inflammation and cell injury,oxidative and noxious stress,extracellular matrix and proteinases,some of which might represent the targets for chemoprevention or chemotherapy.

Objective To observe the efficacy of Botulinum toxin type A(BTXA)injection in Meige's syndrome and facial wrinkles and exp lore the method of reducing the side e ffect of BTXAand weaken facial wrink les.Methods Ninety-nine patients were evaluate d on the therapeutic efficacy of single and multiple topical facial in-jection with BTXA.Results The effective rates of patients with blepharospasm were 98.4%,oromandi bular dystonia 90.9%,blepharospasm and o romandibular dystonia 95.8%,respectively.The therapeutic effect for each disease lasted(16.9?8.4)weeks?(12.6?5.4)weeks and(13.5?5.7)weeks,respectively.Facial wrinkl es of all patients has got weakened and seemed much smooth and flattend.The rec overy rate approached to 100%.The local side effects were transient an d mild,and disappeared spontaneously.Conclusions The treatment of Meige's syndrome and facial wrinkles with BTXA could produce a significant impro vement,and is safe.Strictly observ e the procedures of injection,and use adequate dose of BTXA,the side effects o f BTXA can be decreased.

BACKGROUND:Oral insulin iS easy to be degradated by hydrochloric acid in gastric iuice and the enzyme which exists in stomach and intestines,while it is dimcult to through the epithelium cell membrane of gastrointestinal.Even a lasting-long injection iS taken,and it still needs an injection once 36 hours.OBJECTIVE:To prepare oraI insulin sustained-release microspheres.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Contrast observation which was carried out at the Laboratory of Medical Chemistry of Nanjing Information Engineering University from September 2003 to December 2004.MATERIALS:Insulin Was provided bv Nanjing Medicinal Factory of Bio-Chemistry.METHODS:A new method tO prepare the microsphere,I.e.,drying through liquid phase was adopted with the special pH and the acrylic acid polymer which could be dissolved as the medicine'S carrier of the sustained-release microphere.MAIN 0UTCOME MEASURES:The effects of polymer concentration and agitation rates on size of microspheres and drug incorporation efficiency were studied by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)and ultraviolet-spectrophotometry.RESULTS:The temperature,drug payloads and the content of emulsifier played important effects on microspheres formation.The mean diameter of microspheres decreased with increasing in stirring rate and decreasing in polymer concentration,and drug loading efficiency increased with increasing in stirring rate.CONCLUSION:Insulin-loaded polyacrylate sustained-release microspheres is prepared preferably.

Objective To investigate the factors that might influence the effectiveness of treatment for cryptococcal meningitis. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted for 11 patients with cryptococcal meningitis admitted to Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital during 1980-1995. Results Seven of 11 patients with cryptococcal meningitis were successfully cured with combination of amphotericin B and flucytosine for 14 to 31 weeks (five months in average), paraventriculostomy was performed in five of them with hydrocephalus complicated with deteriorated mental status and one of them was administered with additional fluconazole for 15 days during its early stage of therapy. Four of the 11 patients died from cryptococcosis during the course of antifungal therapy. The duration of illness varied from three weeks to four and a half months (two months in average) . And four of them had underlying illness with steroids / cytotoxic therapy and another one had AIDS. Factors associated with unfavorable outcomes included more rapidly progress of the illness (2/11), delay in diagnosis and antifungal therapy, severe impairment of host defense mechanisms against infection, underlying illness involving central nervous system, and significantly abnormal cerebrospinal fluid for a sustained period. Conclusions Cryptococcal meningitis could hardly be diagnosed earlier. Combination of antifungal therapy with paraventriculoatomy at adequate time, if necessary, was effective in treatment for it.

Objective To investigate the current situation of psychological capital and job burnout of psychiatric nurses and explore the relationship between psychological capital and job burnout.Methods There were 142 psychiatric nurses collected in the study by convenience sampling.The Psychiatric Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and Nurse Burnout Scale (NBS) were used to measure the level of psychiatric capital and job burnout of psychiatric nurses.The Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between psychological capital and job burnout.Results The psychological capital of psychiatric nurses had a negative correlation with job burnout; the higher of the nurses' psychological capital,the lower their sense of job burnout,vice versa.Conclusions In order to improve nursing quality,nursing managers can reduce the job burnout by improving the psychological capital of psychiatric nurses.

This article was aimed to analyze literatures on preventive treatment of disease in acupuncture and moxi-bustion in order to understand its status and development trend. Bibliometrics and statistics method in NoteExpress were used in the analysis of related literatures about preventive treatment of disease in acupuncture and moxibustion from 1981 to 2013, which were included in CNKI. The analysis and research were from aspects such as year distri-bution, keyword, journal distribution, author distribution, and fund distribution. The results showed that there were 537 articles in total from 1981 to 2013. The number of literatures was in an overall growing trend.“Zusanli”,“Inner Canon of Huangdi”,“sub-health”, and“clinical research”were high frequency keywords. The journal distribu-tion conformed to the Brad Ford’s law. The author distribution conformed to the Lotka’s law. The number of fund papers was also increased. It was concluded that research on preventive treatment of disease in acupuncture and moxibustion was still in the period of rapid development and had not reached maturity. The preventive treatment of disease in acupuncture and moxibustion had broad application prospects. However, the research still required to be strengthened.

Objective To observe if IL-2 gene can express in hepatic carcinoma cells by double targeting of hepatitis B virus envelope (HBVE) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) promoter.Methods HepG2 cells,L02 cells,and HepG2.2.15 cells were cultured in vitro.HBVE was obtained by PEG8000 concentration assay,and the acquired HBVE was used to pack recombintional gene.Human AFP promoter-IL-2 recombinational gene was obtained by PCR.Then HepG2 cells and L02 cells were transfected by transient transfection and the expression of IL-2 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results IL-2 was detected in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR and Western blot but not in L02 cells.Conclusion By using HBVE as a gene transporter,human AFP promoter-IL-2 recombinational gene can express in hepatic carcinoma cells,thereby it can increase the safety of exogenous gene transfection of hepatic carcinoma cells.

BACKGROUND:Anterior decompression, bone graft fusion, plate and screw fixation are commonly used in clinic for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst or comminuted fractures. The posterior surgery including decompression laminectomy and pedicle screw internal fixation.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the biomechanical changes of spine after thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation treated with pedicle screw internal fixation.
METHODS:Forty-six patients with thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation were treated with pedicle screw internal fixation, and then the recovery of spinal cord injury and fracture reduction were observed after internal fixation, immediately after internal fixation and 1-year fol ow-up.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 46 cases were fol owed-up. Frankel function classification assessment was used to evaluate the spinal cord injury grade. There was no significant difference in the percentage of A grade between periods (P>0.05), and there were significant differences in the percentage of B-E grades when compared between immediately postoperative period, 1-year fol ow-up period and preoperative period (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference when compared between immediately postoperative period and 1-year-fol ow period (P>0.05). The anterior height percentage, posterior height percentage and Cobb angle indicators were used to assess the fracture reduction, and the results showed there was no significant difference in posterior height between periods (P>0.05), and there was significant difference in Cobb angle when compared between immediately postoperative period, 1-year fol ow-up period and preoperative period (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between immediately postoperative period and 1-year fol ow-up period (P>0.05). The results indicate that pedicle screw internal fixation system for the treatment of thoracolumbar spinal fracture and dislocation is conducive to the fracture reduction and functional recovery.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Shenfuyishen Capsule in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy of yangxuxueyu type in high- altitude regions.Methods We divided 53 patients randomly into two groups:31 in the observation group and 22 in the control group.Patients in the control group were treated with conventional regime of Western Medicine.Those in treatment group were given extra treatment with Shenfuyishen Capsule.Then we tested serum creatinine (Scr ),uric acid (UA),urinary microalbumin (MALB )and GFR. Results The total efficiency was 90.32% and 81.82% in the treatment group and the control group,which was significantly different (P < 0.05 ).Major symptoms improved after treatment in both groups,which differed significantly compared with those before treatment (P <0.05).ALT in the treatment group was not different after treatment.CR,UA,MALB and GFR significantly differed before and after treatment in both groups,especially in the treatment group (P <0.05).Conclusion Shenfuyishen Capsule helps improve major clinical symptoms and decrease CR,GFR,UA and MLAB levels in patients with diabetic nephrology,thus protecting renal function and delaying the process of diabetic nephropathy.

Background:Ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer(UcCRC)is the most serious complication of ulcerative colitis(UC). 5-Aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA)could reduce the risk of UC progressing to UcCRC. Aims:To investigate the effect of 5-ASA on cell proliferation,apoptosis and cell cycle in human colon cancer cell line HT-29 for verifying the inhibitory effect of 5-ASA on UcCRC. Methods:HT-29 cells were treated with different concentrations(0,10,20,30, 40 mmol/ L)of 5-ASA. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL method. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Expressions of cell mitotic regulators AuroraB and BubR1 were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results:Proliferation inhibition rates and apoptosis rates of HT-29 cells in 5-ASA 10,20,30,40 mmol/ L groups were increased with increase in concentration of 5-ASA(P ﹤ 0. 05). Proportions of cells in phase G0 / G1 in 5-ASA 30,40 mmol/ L groups were significantly lower than those in 5-ASA 0,10,20 mmol/ L groups (P ﹤ 0. 05);proportions of cells in phase S in 5-ASA 0,10,20,30 mmol/ L groups were significantly lower than that in 5-ASA 40 mmol/ L group(P ﹤ 0. 05);while proportions of cells in phase G2 / M in 5-ASA 30,40 mmol/ L groups were significantly higher than those in 5-ASA 0,10,20 mmol/ L groups(P ﹤ 0. 05). Mean optical density(MOD)values of AuroraB and BubR1 were decreased with increase in concentration of 5-ASA(P ﹤ 0. 05). Concentration of 5-ASA was positively correlated with proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of HT-29 cells(P ﹤ 0. 05),but was negatively correlated with MOD values of AuroraB and BubR1( P ﹤ 0. 05). MOD values of AuroraB and BubR1 were negatively correlated with proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of HT-29 cells as well as proportion of cells in phase G2/ M (P ﹤0. 05),but were positively correlated with proportion of cells in phase G0/ G1(P ﹤0. 05). MOD value of AuroraB was positively correlated with MOD value of BubR1(P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions:5-ASA can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in HT-29 cells,the mechanism may be related to inhibiting expressions of AuroraB and BubR1 and the resulted effect on cell cycle.