Objective To investigate clinical traits of 2 families members habouring mtDNA 12026A→G mutation based on our previous studies.Methods 25 members in 2 families with probands with mtDNA 12026 mutation were examined.All their clinical and biochemical data were collected.Total genome was extracted conventionally from peripheral leucocytes of all participants,and PCR-RFLP techniques were applied to screen A to G substitution at nucleotide 12026 of mtDNA in ND4 region.Results We found 13 individuals habouring the 12026 A→G mutation in 2 pedigrees,all without deafness.Among them,5 with diabetes were found.Interestingly,we found 3 individuals with hyperthyroidism in one family(one also combined with diabetes).Conclusions Our findings suggest that diabetic families with mtDNA 12026 A→G mutation in ND4 region can have different clinical pictures,and may involve in autoimmune diseases

Objective To investigate clinical traits of 2 families members habouring mtDNA 12026A→G mutation based on our previous studies.Methods 25 members in 2 families with probands with mtDNA 12026 mutation were examined.All their clinical and biochemical data were collected.Total genome was extracted conventionally from peripheral leucocytes of all participants,and PCR-RFLP techniques were applied to screen A to G substitution at nucleotide 12026 of mtDNA in ND4 region.Results We found 13 individuals habouring the 12026 A→G mutation in 2 pedigrees,all without deafness.Among them,5 with diabetes were found.Interestingly,we found 3 individuals with hyperthyroidism in one family(one also combined with diabetes).Conclusions Our findings suggest that diabetic families with mtDNA 12026 A→G mutation in ND4 region can have different clinical pictures,and may involve in autoimmune diseases.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of mtDNA A3243G mutation in the early onset diabetics in Tianjin for exploring the relationship between mtDNA mutation and diabetes. Methods 348 kinship-free diabetics whose ages at onset were less than 45y were randomly recruited, with 207 control subjects. The PCR-RFLP and cloning techniques were applied to screen the A to G substitution at nucleotide 3243 of mtDNA tRNALEU（UUR）. Meanwhile, the clinical and genetic analysis was done from one pedigree. Results We detected two diabetics harboring the well-known a3243g mutation with the mutation frequency of 0.6%. While the mutation frequency in diabetics with （positive） family history was 1.2%, and zero in the control subject. The proband showed a typical （picture） of mitochondrial diabetes mellitus, while the other family members harboring the same （mutation） had heterogeneous presentation. Conclusion The prevalence of mtDNA A3243G mutation in early onset diabetes of Tianjin is low, but relatively higher in diabetes complicated with other （symptoms） of mitochondrial disease. Furthermore, its heterogeneity would decrease with aging in （mitotic） tissue

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common diseases across the world, but there is still no specific treatment for NAFLD. Glucogon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1Ra) is a novel drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, based on incretin hormone target. Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that GLP-1Ra can effec?tively reduce fat deposit in liver and attenuate hepatic steatosis. Therefore, GLP-1Ra is a promising therapeutic approachagainst NAFLD. In this review, we provided an overview of the clinical and basic research evidences and mechanisms in re?lieving NAFLD.

OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective viral vector in infecting the spiral ganglion cells and cochlear nerve fibers among three viral vectors that was inoculated via round window membrane. METHODS Three types vectors carrying GFP gene including Lentivirus, Adenovirus-5 and Adenoassociated virus-2 were infused into the perilymphatic space through the round window membrane with micro injector in rat respectively. The distribution and intensity of green fluorescence were estimated by fluorescent microscope at 3days, 7days and 14days after gene transfer. RESULTS Multiple types of cochlear cells were infected by three different viral vectors. In contrast to the other vectors, the adenovirus-5 vector effectively transfected spiral ganglion cells and cochlea nerve fibers with high expression level for 2 weeks. CONCLUSION Distribution of GFP gene expression mediated by three kinds of viral vector was different obviously in rat cochlea, only adenovirus-5 successfully targets cochlear spiral ganglion cells. These findings are of value in gene therapy for cochlear spiral ganglion cell degeneration.

To observe the effects of polyclonal antibodies to rat LPS binding protein on LPS induced activation of NF ?B and production of TNF ? and IL 6 in the lung. The activation of NF ?B and the contents of TNF ? and IL 6 were measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and ELISA respectivly. We found that both the activity of NF ?B and the levels of TNF ? and IL 6 in the lung were significantly decreased by the antibodies when used at early stage, but not at late stage after LPS challenge. These data indicated that the antibodies to LPS binding protein might have a potential value in the prevention of acute lung injury as a result of LPS challenge.

To investigate the relationship between the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and menstrual cycle, the regulatory effects of 17-beta-estradiol (E(2)) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the expression of COX-2 in cervical cancer Hela cells were examined. Cervical cancer specimens were obtained from 47 pre-menopausal patients. The phase of menstrual cycle was determined by case history and HE staining of uterine endometrium. COX-2 was immunohistochemically stained by SABC staining and the staining intensity was determined with computerized image analysis system. Hela cells were incubated with alcohol, E(2), E(2)+MPA, MPA for 12, 24 and 48 h respectively. The expression of COX-2 in Hela cells was detected by Western blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results showed that the expression of COX-2 was significantly higher during proliferative phase than secretory phase (P<0.05), but there was no difference in the positive rate between proliferative phase and secretory phase (P>0.05). Incubation with E(2) could significantly enhance the expression of COX-2 continually. On the contrary, E(2)+MPA and MPA alone could decrease the expression of COX-2 as compared with the control and E(2) group (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). It is concluded that the expression of COX-2 in cervical cancer of pre-menopausal patients and Hela cells was regulated by estrogen/progestogen.
Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics ; Cyclooxygenase 2/*metabolism ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Hela Cells ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/*pharmacology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*enzymology

Objective A easier and faster rat model of organ injury caused by cardiopulmonary bypass was developed to provide a stable and economical experimental platform for the research of CPB ( cardiopulmonary bypass ) .Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats weight between (288.8 ±26.1)g were randomly divided into sham group and CPB group .The right external jugular vein and bilateral femoral arteries were punctured in sham group ,while the rats in CPB group underwent 60 minutes cardiopulmoanry bypass with the perfusion flow no less than 120 mL· kg-1· min-1 .And the weight ,blood pressure ,blood gas and electrolytes were monitored and analyzed throughout the experi -ment.The serum,lung,liver and kidney were collected at 72 h after the operation for further detection .Results The rat model of cardiopul-monary bypass was established successfully with 90%survival rate .The changes of blood gas during intraoperative and postoperative were in accordance with clinical reality and the injury of lung ,liver and kidney were confirmed by serum results and pathological changes .Conclu-sion The model has the characteristics of lower weight ,less priming solution ,no need for endotracheal intubation and easier to assemble the bypass line ,furthermore the methods of puncture and CPB were exhibited through a large number of pictures .As a consequence ,the difficul-ties of establishing the rat model of CPB were reduced significantly .The changes of pathophysiology during intraoperative and postoperative were similar to clinical realities ,the survival rate and organ injury were satisfactory .So it can be used as an effective tool for the research of organ injury and the evaluation of therapeutic strategies associated with CPB .

There are lots of contents in the clinical teaching of cardiothoracic surgery , but the teaching time is short .What should be concerned by every cardiothoracic surgery teacher is how to make full use of the limited time to make students grasp the main contents of cardiothoracic surgery .It is crucial to develop new models of education and assessment .We discuss efforts in our teaching , including new teaching paradigms , teaching tools and multimedia teaching .The combination of varieties of teaching methods , clinical and basic teaching , theory teaching and clinical practice may improve the quality of clinical teaching in cardiothoracic surgery .

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of digestive system dysfunctions after cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods The clinical data of 2349 consecutive cases undergoing cardiovascular surgery with CPB from Jan 1996 to Dec 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. The risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment and prognosis of digestive system dysfuctions were summarized. Results The incidence of digestive system dysfunctions was 1.4% (n=33), and the most common events were paralytic ileus (33.3%, n=11) and gastrointestinal bleeding (27.3%, n=9). Liver function insufficiency and ischemic bowel disease were the most common causes of deaths. 26(78.8%) patients underwent medicine treatment, 7(21.2%) patients accepted surgical interventions, and 5 patients (15.2%) died. Conclusion Digestive system dysfunctions following cardiovascular surgery were uncommon but had a high mortality. Advanced ages, history of gastrointestinal disease and perioperative hemodynamic unstability may be the clinical risk factors of digestive system dysfuctions. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for the outcome of the patients.