Objective To investigate clinical traits of 2 families members habouring mtDNA 12026A→G mutation based on our previous studies.Methods 25 members in 2 families with probands with mtDNA 12026 mutation were examined.All their clinical and biochemical data were collected.Total genome was extracted conventionally from peripheral leucocytes of all participants,and PCR-RFLP techniques were applied to screen A to G substitution at nucleotide 12026 of mtDNA in ND4 region.Results We found 13 individuals habouring the 12026 A→G mutation in 2 pedigrees,all without deafness.Among them,5 with diabetes were found.Interestingly,we found 3 individuals with hyperthyroidism in one family(one also combined with diabetes).Conclusions Our findings suggest that diabetic families with mtDNA 12026 A→G mutation in ND4 region can have different clinical pictures,and may involve in autoimmune diseases

Objective To investigate clinical traits of 2 families members habouring mtDNA 12026A→G mutation based on our previous studies.Methods 25 members in 2 families with probands with mtDNA 12026 mutation were examined.All their clinical and biochemical data were collected.Total genome was extracted conventionally from peripheral leucocytes of all participants,and PCR-RFLP techniques were applied to screen A to G substitution at nucleotide 12026 of mtDNA in ND4 region.Results We found 13 individuals habouring the 12026 A→G mutation in 2 pedigrees,all without deafness.Among them,5 with diabetes were found.Interestingly,we found 3 individuals with hyperthyroidism in one family(one also combined with diabetes).Conclusions Our findings suggest that diabetic families with mtDNA 12026 A→G mutation in ND4 region can have different clinical pictures,and may involve in autoimmune diseases.

Objective To investigate the relationship between point mutation of nt3394 T→C of mitochondrial DNA ND1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) in the elderly. Methods Two hundred and eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 180 subjects with normal glucose tolerance without DM family history were included. The mutation was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR RFLP). Results The point mutation of nt3394 T→C of mitochondrial DNA ND1 was found in 9 of 208 elderly patients with type 2 DM(4 3%), and 1 of 180 controls (0 6%). The incidence of this mutation was significantly different between the two groups ( P

Objective To investigate the prevalence of mtDNA A3243G mutation in the early onset diabetics in Tianjin for exploring the relationship between mtDNA mutation and diabetes. Methods 348 kinship-free diabetics whose ages at onset were less than 45y were randomly recruited, with 207 control subjects. The PCR-RFLP and cloning techniques were applied to screen the A to G substitution at nucleotide 3243 of mtDNA tRNALEU（UUR）. Meanwhile, the clinical and genetic analysis was done from one pedigree. Results We detected two diabetics harboring the well-known a3243g mutation with the mutation frequency of 0.6%. While the mutation frequency in diabetics with （positive） family history was 1.2%, and zero in the control subject. The proband showed a typical （picture） of mitochondrial diabetes mellitus, while the other family members harboring the same （mutation） had heterogeneous presentation. Conclusion The prevalence of mtDNA A3243G mutation in early onset diabetes of Tianjin is low, but relatively higher in diabetes complicated with other （symptoms） of mitochondrial disease. Furthermore, its heterogeneity would decrease with aging in （mitotic） tissue

Objective To explore the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphism and ~diabetic cardiovascular disease. Methods The MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms were detectd by PCR-RFLP to compare MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C genotype distribution and allele frequencies among three groups. Enrolled were 84 healthy individuals (NC) and 158 T2DM subjects who were classified into two groups, i.e. non-diabetes complications (NDC) and ~diabetic cardiovascular disease (DC). Results Patients with diabetic cardiovascular disease had higher frequencies of MTHFR C677T mutation genotype and T allele than control and non-diabetes complications subjects, and had lower folate levels (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in MTHFR A1298C genotype distribution and allele frequencies among three groups (P>0.05). A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that MTHFR C677T and age were the independent predictors of DC. Conclution There is a strong correlation between the polymorphism of MTHFR C677T and diabetic cardiovascular disease.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which results in a high risk of mortality. Thus, the cardiovascular safety of new anti-diabetic agents has become an important prob?lem with wide concern. There are two classes of incretine-based medications: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (DPP-4I). It has been demonstrated that GLP-1RA and DPP-4I possesse beneficial actions in both animal models of cardiovascular dysfunction and patients with ischemic heart diseases. However, their effects on the cardiovascular system in diabetic patients with heart diseases are still uncertain. Here, we sys?tematically reviewed the effects of GLP-1RA and DPP-4I on cardiovascular system to provide more evidence of incretin-based therapy application for diabetes and complications.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common diseases across the world, but there is still no specific treatment for NAFLD. Glucogon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1Ra) is a novel drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, based on incretin hormone target. Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that GLP-1Ra can effec?tively reduce fat deposit in liver and attenuate hepatic steatosis. Therefore, GLP-1Ra is a promising therapeutic approachagainst NAFLD. In this review, we provided an overview of the clinical and basic research evidences and mechanisms in re?lieving NAFLD.

OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective viral vector in infecting the spiral ganglion cells and cochlear nerve fibers among three viral vectors that was inoculated via round window membrane. METHODS Three types vectors carrying GFP gene including Lentivirus, Adenovirus-5 and Adenoassociated virus-2 were infused into the perilymphatic space through the round window membrane with micro injector in rat respectively. The distribution and intensity of green fluorescence were estimated by fluorescent microscope at 3days, 7days and 14days after gene transfer. RESULTS Multiple types of cochlear cells were infected by three different viral vectors. In contrast to the other vectors, the adenovirus-5 vector effectively transfected spiral ganglion cells and cochlea nerve fibers with high expression level for 2 weeks. CONCLUSION Distribution of GFP gene expression mediated by three kinds of viral vector was different obviously in rat cochlea, only adenovirus-5 successfully targets cochlear spiral ganglion cells. These findings are of value in gene therapy for cochlear spiral ganglion cell degeneration.

Leptin as a polypeptide has a wide range of biologic effects, which can regulate appetite and energy metabolism common with leptin receptor. Recent studies found that leptin was related with tumor formation and development, which contribute to tumor progression by increasing angiogenesis, stimulates cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion through multiple channels.