This paper firstly introduces the perspectives of medical ethics moral imagination, then illustrates the specific connotation of the medical students moral imagination:moral sensitivity, perspective transformation, situat-ed cognition and beyond and moral reflection and evaluation ability, finally analyzes the narrative method based class to cultivate the medical students moral imagination, the narrative is to cultivate the medical students moral i-magination again the main teaching method.

OBJECTIVE To understand the relevant factors of nosocomial infection of inpatients in order to provide the evidence for taking measures to prevent and control the infection effectively.METHODS A retrospective survey was carried out on 10059 cases of hospitalized patients during Jan and Dec of 2008.RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate of hospitalized patients in this period was 4.3%(437/10059).The high risk infected rates were respectively as follows:24.9% in the Blood Department,15.1 % in the Tumor Department;The infection site were respiratory tract(59.3%),urinary tract(14.3%);The main pathogens were Gram negative bacteria(40.7%),fungus infection(25.4%);The risk factors mainly were usage of antibiotic drugs(40.7%),and underlying diseases of tumor(16.2%).CONCLUSIONS The effective measures for reducing the incidence of nosocomial infection should be taken.More attention should be paid on the risk factors.

The fall risk was evaluated with Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (Chinese version) in 426 elderly hypertensive patients (hypertensive group) and 436 elderly people without hypertension (control group) from rural communities in Zhejiang Quzhou areas.The fall risk scores were compared between hypertensive group and control group ; and also between patients with history of falls and those without falls.The results showed that the average score was 8.62 ± 2.15 in hypertensive group and 9.35 ± 1.35 in control group (P ＜ 0.01).The average score was 6.94 ± 1.85 in hypertensive patients with history of falls (n =112) and 9.22 ± 1.42 in without history of falls (n =314) (P ＜0.01).Our study suggests that there is a higher fall risk in elderly hypertensive patients than in elderly people without hypertension; and fall risk assessment with Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (Chinese version) can be used for prediction of fall for the elderly people in rural community.

Objective To investigate the clinical features,radiology,diagnosis and treatment of postkidney-transplant pulmonary mucormycosis.Method Three cases of post-kidney-transplant pulmonary mucormycosis were successfully diagnosed by histopathologic examinations.The clinical features of the cases were analyzed.The patients consisted of 2 males and 1 female,aged 39 to 54 yearn All patients were subjected to renal transplantation due to uremia,one was complicated with with diabetes,and pulmonary mucormycosis occurred 6 months,2 years and 6 years after kidney transplant respectively.Fever,cough,bloody sputum and chest pain were the main clinical manifestations.Multiple irregular massive or diffuse infiltrates in the lungs were the early CT findings.In a shoot time,multiple thick-walled cavities occurred in the pulmonary lesions.Pleural effusion was found in one patient.The lung specimens of patients were obtained by CT-guided percutaneous biopsy.Result The first patiem was cured after one year therapy by hraconazole,but recurred after 8 months.The second patient had a marked effect after a 21-day therapy by Itraconazole,but died of disseminated mucor for excessive immunosuppressant against the renal transplantation rejection.The third patient also had a marked effect,and was still in follow up.Condusion The post-kidney-transplant pulmonary mucormycosis is difficult in diagnosis and treatment.CT-guided percutaneous biopsy is one of effective ways for diagnosis.Itraconazole appears to be effective in treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis.Early diagnosis and an appropriate immune ftmction are the keys to improve prognosis and reduce recurrence

The membrane microviscosity and insulin receptor of erythrocytes were determined by fluorescence polarization analysis and insulin radioligand binding assay simultaneously. The patients with Parkinson disease (PD) had increased membrane microviscosity (P

BACKGROUND:Embryonic stem cel s have the capacity of multi-differentiation potential, and have been utilized for the therapy of acute liver injury. However, the migration and proliferation of embryonic stem cel s after transplantation remains not wel characterized.
OBJECTIVE:To track the transplanted embryonic stem cel s in repairing acute liver injury by bioluminescence imaging technology.
METHODS:Murine embryonic stem cel s (D3) were transducted with a construct composed of firefly luciferase, monomeric red fluorescence protein and herpes simplex virus truncated thymidine kinase triple fusion reporter genes by lentivirus system. Stable D3 embryonic stem cel s integrating three report genes were screened. The undifferentiated embryonic stem cel s or differentiated embryonic stem cel s from the 6-day-old embryoid body were transplanted into acute liver injury model of SV129 mouse through spleen, and the transplanted cel s were monitored by bioluminescence imaging technology.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Reverse transcription PCR results showed that the expression level of Oct-4 and Nanog was not affected in embryonic stem cel s transducted with triple fusion reporter gene compared with wild-type embryonic stem cel s. The migration process of transplanted cel s was visualized by bioluminescence imaging technology. Teratomas were found in both triple fusion-embryonic stem cel s treatment group and triple fusion-embryoid body cel s treatment group at liver, and the teratoma formation could be suppressed by ganciclovir administration because ganciclovir can react with herpes simplex virus truncated thymidine kinase and trigger cel necrosis process. Histological analysis showed that teratomas comprised tissues from al three germ layers. These results demonstrate that triple gene fusion does not affect differentiation potential of embryonic stem cel s and it is risky to utilize embryonic stem cel s for cel therapy, because it affects repair of liver injury. The therapy strategy requires further improvement and real-time visualizing of embryonic stem cel s in vivo is absolutely necessary.

Objective To investigate the expressions of platelet activation-dependent granule membrane protein and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-αB, and the ultra-microstructure changes of platelets in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI). Method The expressions of platelet activationdependent granule of glycoprotein (CD62P)and platelet derived growth factor receptor αβ subtype (PDGFR-αβ)of platelets in peripheral blood in 36 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) hospitalized and another 34 healthy subjects over the same period (control group) were investigated by flow cytometry and data were analyzed. The changes of ultra microstructure and activity of blood platelets in those patients and control group were observed under the scanning electron microscope. Results The expressions of CD62P and PDGFR-αβin patients with STEMI group before treatment were (3.65 ± 1.87) % and (0.43 ± 0.39) %, respectively, and those after treatment were (0.96 ± 0.79) % and (0.28 ± 0. 24) %, respectively, whereas those in control group were (0.67 ± 0.35) % and (0.27 ± 0.22) %, respectively, which were much lower in control than those in patients with STEMI before treatment (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05) respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the expressions of CD62P and PDGFR-αβ in patients group between pre-treatment and posttreatment (P ＜0.01 or P ＜0.05), respectively. Obvious ultra-microstructure changes of platelet surface in patients with STEMI group were observed. Conclusions Due to platelet activation in AMI, the expressions of CD62P can be used as effective indicators for monitoring coronary heart disease, and the PDGFR-αβ can be used as a reference indicator. The platelet surface ultra-microstructure changes during platelet activation in patients with AMI can be found by scanning electron microscopy.