BACKGROUND: Double gene transfection using bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) for bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) to induce osteogenesis provides experimental basis for the study on tissue engineering bone. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of BMP2 and VEGF165 double gene modified rat BMSCs to induce osteogenesis. METHODS: BMSCs were isolated from the femur and tibia of four 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats by whole bone marrow adherent culture. Passage 3 BMSCs were randomized into five groups: non-transfection group, empty plasmid group, BMP2 transfection group, VEGF165 transfection group, BMP2 and BMP2/VEGF165 transfection group (co-transfection group). Then, western blot assay was used to detect expression of BMP2 and VEGF165 at 48 hours after transfection, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase was detected in each group at 7 days after transfection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Highly expressed BMP2 in BMP2 and co-transfection groups and highly expressed VEGF165 in VEGF165 and co-transfection groups were found after transfection. The expression of BMP2 or VEGF165 in the co-transfection group was significantly higher than that in the BMP2 or VEGF165 transfection group after transfection, respectively (P < 0.05). Western blot results showed that the activity of alkaline phosphatase was ranked as: co-transfection group > BMP2 transfection group > VEGF165 transfection group > empty plasmid group and non-transfection group. There was a significant difference in the activity of alkaline phosphatase between co-transfection group and any of single gene transfection groups (P < 0.05). To conclude, BMP2/VEGF165 co-transfection promotes the ectopic osteogenesis of BMSCs.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of autologous fat transplantation in augmentation mammoplasty with two different methods of purification treatment .Methods Selected 86 patients undergoing autologous fat granule replant mammaplasty .They were randomly and equally divided into the centrifuge group and the static group .After extracting the body fat in the centrifuge group ,obtained the high purity granular fat by using the Centrifugal technique;After the extraction of autologous fat in the static group ,obtain the purified particle fat by using the natural static suspension and physiological saline washed the im‐purities .Respectively ,the processed fat was injected the breast of two groups with multi tunnels and multi layers .After 6 months compared the clinical efficacy of two groups by evaluating the survival rate of autologous fat in augmentation mammoplasty and pre‐operative and postoperative breast volume ,the change of breast shape and patient satisfaction .Results Two groups of patients were successfully completed surgery ,and postoperative wound healed well .After 6 months ,in the centrifuge group and the static group the survival rate of autologous fat was 74 .42 ± 6 .35 and 65 .12 ± 5 .83 (P<0 .05) ,the satisfaction rate was 88 .37% and 76 .74%(P<0 .05) ,respectively .Conclusion The augmentation mammoplasty by injecting autologous fat granules in will not produce im‐mune rejection and surgical scar ,the breast shape is good and can be repeated without satisfactory ,until the desired effect is a‐chieved .The Centrifugal autologous fat can increase the survival rate of fat and patients′satisfaction ,which is suitable for clinical application .

Objective To investigate the silencing effect of RNA interference on MSTN gene ( myostatin, MSTN) expression, and detect the effects on the downstream genes in Schizopygopsis pylzovi. Methods To construct the recombi?nant adenovirus vector 1P3 (DSP MSTN 273+250+1737) and 1P2 (DSP MSTN 195+ 1670) for RNA interference of the MSTN gene in Schizopygopsis pylzovi, and to conduct the RNA interference in vivo experiment by injecting the vector in?to the muscle tissue of Schizopygopsis pylzovi. Real?time PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the silencing effects on MSTN gene expression, and to detect the regulatory function of M?CK at gene transcription level after RNA inter?ference of the MSTN gene. Results The result of real?time PCR showed that compared with the HK team ( Virus general negative control group) and N team (blank control group), the 1P3 had significant interference effect on the MSTN gene transcription in Schizopygopsis pylzovi (P<0?05), with an inhibition rate of 53?5%, but the 1P2 had no significant inter?ference effect on the MSTN gene transcription. The result of Western blotting was consistent with the results of real?time PCR. At the same time, after the 1P3 interference, the level of MSTN gene transcription was declined, and the level of M? CK gene expression was significantly increased. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the expression of MSTN gene can be effectively suppressed, and the expression of M?CK gene can be up?regulated through the RNA interference. There?fore, it proves that MSTN gene can inhibit the transcription of M?CK gene in Schizopygopsis pylzovi, and reveals the regula?tory role of MSTN gene in the muscle growth and development in the plateau fish Schizopygopsis pylzovi.

Objective To analyze the effect of the rhinoplasty on body image in the patients receiving cosmetic surgery,to investigate the change of postoperative body image disturbance(BDD)and to analyze the influencing factors of preoperative BDD in order to provide a basis for the psychological health management and reference for the diagnosis and treatment of plastic surgery.Methods A prospective study was performed on 84 patients with rhinoplasty admitted to the Affiliated Friendship Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2015 to March 2016.The general data were investigated.The Plastic Psychological State Self-rating Scale was adopted to evaluate the patient′s body image situation,which was reexamined at postoperative 1-3 months.Results The preoperative non-BDD accounted for 60.71％,the occurrence rate of BDD was 19.05％,the other mental disorders,mental diseases or nervous system disease which had no relation with the BDD accounted for 20.24％;the occurrence rate of postoperative BDD was significantly lower than that of preoperative BDD(P＜0.05),moreover the patients with non-BDD had no postoperative BDD occurrence.The scores of question 1-10 before operation in the BDD group were higher than those in the non-BDD group,the scores of question 1-4 after operation in the non-BDD group were decreased,the scores of question 1-4,6-10 in the BDD group were decreased,while the scores of question 1,7,9-10 in the BDD group were higher than those in the non-BDD group(P＜0.05).The proportion of preoperative rhinoplasty and plastic surgery in the BDD group was higher than that in the non-BDD group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The occurrence rate of BDD in the patients with rhinoplasty is higher,operation is conducive to lessen the BDD,moreover operation itself will not result in new BDD.

Objective To provide Meta-analysis evidence of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) vs open partial nephrectomy (OPN) in assisting clinical decision making.Methods By searching CHKD,PUBMED,Wanfang and VIP database self-built library up to June 30,2012,both Chinese and English literatures of LPN and OPN efficacy in controlled study were included with strict exclusion criteria by two independent screenings of the literature.Data extraction and quality assessment were done by using the RevMan 5.1 META analysis software.Results A total of four English and six Chinese literature were included in this Meta-analysis.There were 1636 cases of partial nephrectomies.Of these patients,794 cases were treated with LPN,842 cases were treated with OPN.Meta analysis results showed that:in terms of operative time (SMD =0.10,95％ CI-O.40-0.59,P =0.70),surgical complication (OR =1.03,95％ CI0.73-1.44,P =0.88),positive surgical margin (OR =1.64,95 ％ CI0.83-3.23,P =0.16),warm ischemia time (SMD =1.07,95％ CI-0.02-2.16,P =0.05),postoperative tumor recurrence (OR =0.58,95％ CI 0.26-1.30,P =0.18),there was no significant difference.But in terms of intraoperative blood loss (SMD=-1.08,95％CI-1.57--0.59,P＜0.01),postoperative hospital stay (SMD=-0.81,95％CI-0.97--0.65,P ＜0.01),the differences were significant in favor of LPN.Conclusion Comparing with OPN,LPN has advantages in intraoperative blood loss and post-operative hospital stay,no obvious advantages in operative time,surgical complications,positive surgical margin,warm ischemia time and tumor recurrence.

Objective To explore the operation of C-type osteotomy for reduction of prominent zygomatic complex. Methods Based on the severity and characteristics of prominent zygomaitc complex, Ctype osteotomy was designed for the malar complex reduction by using oral and minor pre-auricular approaches under general anaesthesia. Two paralleled osteotomic lines of C-type were marked from zygomatic alveola to the conjunction of lateral orbital margin and zygomatic arch through the inferio-lateral edge of orbit. The extension of zygomatic arch reduction was determined the width of two osteotomic lines. The bone which marked lines was removed by reciprocating saw and osteotome. The zygomatic arch root was osteotomiced by pre-auricular approaches. Then, the zygomatic complex could move freely towards superior-medial position. Finally, the zygoma was fixed with titanium mini-plates. Results 12 patients with prominent zygomatic complex had been successfully operated by C-type osteotomy from July 2006 to April 2009. Of them, six cases were symmetrical and six cases were unsymmetrical. Postoperative follow-up for 4-24 months, infection was not occurred, and the scar of pre-auricular incision was not obvious. All the patients obtained positive results. Conclusion C-type osteotomy for correction of prominent zygomtic complex through intra-oral and minor pre-auricular approach is an effective surgical method and gives superior results. It preserves the intactness of maxillary sinus, prevents facial slack, and is especially effective for patients with prominent zygomatic arch.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of vascularized composite flap with iliac crest and nternal oblique muscle of abdomen for half mandibular reconstruction.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to Sept. 2013, 14 cases with half mandibular defect after tumor resection were treated with composite flap of iliac crest and internal oblique muscle of abdomen pedicled by deep circumflex iliac vessels. During operation, one group performed tumor resection and got the recipient area vessels ready for anastomosis. The other group performed harvesting of composite flap. Then the flap was trimmed and fixed to construct the defect with vessel anastomosis.

RESULTSAll the 14 composite flaps survived with local infection only in 1 case. The size of harvested iliac crest ranged from 6 cm x 3 cm to 9 cm x 3 cm. The size of harvested internal oblique muscle of abdomen ranged from 5 cm x 4 cm to 7 cm x 5 cm. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 26 months (mean, 13 months) with satisfactory results and no complication. Mandibular panoramic radiographs showed new bone formation and good union.

CONCLUSIONSVascularized composite flap with iliac crest and internal oblique muscle of abdomen has the advantages of abundant bone volume, as well as soft tissue reconstruction in one stage. The reconstructed mandible can attain normal function and appearance.

Abdominal Muscles ; transplantation ; Abdominal Wall ; Humans ; Ilium ; transplantation ; Mandibular Reconstruction ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; transplantation

Objective Several surgical procedures are available for treatment the prominent mandibular angle. But in some patients, only one procedure is not likely to obtain satisfactory results. This study was to evaluate the effect of curved osteotomy combined with sagittal splitting osteotomy of the mandibular angle by an intraoral approach for treatment the broad lower face. Methods 21 patients with broad lower face were treated with mandibular angle osteotomy plus mandibular angle splitting osteotomy under general aesthesia by intraoral approach. Changes of the distance between the mandibular angles were observed during follow up phase. Questionnaires were used to assess the patents level of satisfaction after operation. Results All the wounds healed without complications of bleeding and infection. After 7 months to 12 months follow up, the distance between the mandibular angles was effectively reduced, the deformity of broad lower face were improved markedly, the curve of the mandibular angle was smooth and the shape was natural. Conclusion This method is worthy to be applied widely because of the good result with effective reduction of the width of the lower face, smooth and gentle outline of the face.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the value of free anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap (ALTMF) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the reconstruction of mouth-floor defects after the resection of middle-late stage carcinoma of the mouth floor.

METHODSSixteen cases of middle-late stage carcinomas of the mouth floor underwent radical resection, and mouth-floor and tongue defects were reconstructed with ALTMF. CTA was applied to plan the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) and its perforating vessel, which was verified during the operation.

RESULTSThe position of the perforating vessel in the operation was fully consistent with that designed by the preoperative CTA. All 16 flaps completely survived. The appearance and function of all cases were both satisfactory. All donor sites were primarily closed and healed without functional morbidity. During the follow-up period of 6-36 months, 15 cases survived with acceptable aesthetic and functional results in mouth floor and tongue reconstruction, except for 1 case (T4N2M0) that died of metastasis carcinoma 10 months after operation.

CONCLUSIONCTA can accurately locate the LCFA and artery perforator. Preoperative perforator planning using CTA in ALTMF transplantation is a reliable and useful method thatresults in safe operation with optimal outcome. The ALTMF is an ideal choice for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects after the resection of middle-late staie carcinoma of the mouth floor

Angiography ; Carcinoma ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Mouth Floor ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Patient Care Planning ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Thigh ; Tomography ; Tongue

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of osteogenic inducer (dexamethasone, beta-sodium glycerophosphate and Vitamin C) carried by gelatin sponge on healing and remodeling of tooth extraction sockets.

METHODSFifty rabbits were selected. After extracting the first premolars of bilateral maxillary, the right side tooth extraction sockets were filled with gelatin sponge containing osteogenic inducer as experimental side, tooth extraction sockets on left side were filled with gelatin sponge as control. Every ten rabbits were executed at the end of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after tooth extraction. Bone density was measured through digital X-ray images. The specimens were examined by histology. The absorption height of alveolar bone at 12 weeks was measured.

RESULTSX-ray measurement showed that the bone density of experimental side was higher than that of control side at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks, the difference had statistical significance (P<0.01). The histology examination showed that new bone formation in tooth extraction sockets of experimental side was earlier than that in control side. The absorptional height of alveolar bone had significant difference between experimental side and control side (P<0.01), of which experimental side was less.

CONCLUSIONFilling the osteogenic inducer in tooth extraction sockets can promote the healing and new bone formation and prevent from alveolar bone absorption.

Animals ; Bicuspid ; Maxilla ; Rabbits ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth Socket ; Wound Healing