In order to pursue enkephalin studies by means of radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical methode, We prepared anti-leu-enkephalin serum (ALS) and anti-met-enkephalin (AMS).The procedure was as follows: Rabbits were immunized with respective enkephalin immunogen of home and foreign make. The specific antiserum was thus obtained. The antiserum possessed satisfactory sensitivity, specificity and repla-ceability for RIA. In the competitive inhibition curves the minimal detactable limit of ALS was 25 pg and that of AMS 60 pg.In the cross test reactions with seven kinds of peptide hormones and morphine, no significant interference was found. The cross reaction rate of LEK vs AMD was 0.44%, and that of AMS vs LEK 2.8%. According to Cerceo's method of power-point system, both ALS and AMS were reliable antiserums in our experiments.

Rabbit osteoblasts were isolated, expanded in vitro, and then seeded into coral-hydroxylapatite. The osteoblasts/coral-hydroxylapatite composite was were implanted into the muscles of rabbits′ back. Bone regeneration was observed 4, 8 weeks after implantation by histological and scanning electron microscopic examinations.The results showed that osteoblasts could adhere and proliferate well on the surface of coral-hydroxylapatite. 4 weeks after implantation osteoid tissue was observed, 8 weeks after implantation large amount of new bone was found. It suggested that osteoblasts/coral-hydroxylapatite composite may be used for bone tissue engineering.

Object　To determine the amount of acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. from different localities. Methods　By the use of HPLC. Results　The contents of acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in Boju1, Chuju2, Gongju3 and Hangju4 were 0.082 6%～0.124 9%, 0.015 7% and 0.033 5% respectively; the contents of apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in Chuju, Boju, Gongju and Hangju were 0.012 6%, 0.027 4%, 0.117 7% and 0.587 7% respectively. Conclusion　The contents of the two flavone glycoside in C. morifolium from different localities were markedly different.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of autologous fat transplantation in augmentation mammoplasty with two different methods of purification treatment .Methods Selected 86 patients undergoing autologous fat granule replant mammaplasty .They were randomly and equally divided into the centrifuge group and the static group .After extracting the body fat in the centrifuge group ,obtained the high purity granular fat by using the Centrifugal technique;After the extraction of autologous fat in the static group ,obtain the purified particle fat by using the natural static suspension and physiological saline washed the im‐purities .Respectively ,the processed fat was injected the breast of two groups with multi tunnels and multi layers .After 6 months compared the clinical efficacy of two groups by evaluating the survival rate of autologous fat in augmentation mammoplasty and pre‐operative and postoperative breast volume ,the change of breast shape and patient satisfaction .Results Two groups of patients were successfully completed surgery ,and postoperative wound healed well .After 6 months ,in the centrifuge group and the static group the survival rate of autologous fat was 74 .42 ± 6 .35 and 65 .12 ± 5 .83 (P<0 .05) ,the satisfaction rate was 88 .37% and 76 .74%(P<0 .05) ,respectively .Conclusion The augmentation mammoplasty by injecting autologous fat granules in will not produce im‐mune rejection and surgical scar ,the breast shape is good and can be repeated without satisfactory ,until the desired effect is a‐chieved .The Centrifugal autologous fat can increase the survival rate of fat and patients′satisfaction ,which is suitable for clinical application .

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) can promote the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer through various mechanisms.The expressions of MMP-9 in the patients with breast cancer are correlated with the prognosis.The higher expression of MMP-9 indicates poorer prognosis.It is suggested that the level change of MMP-9 pre and post treatment can be used as a reference standard for judging the prognosis and clinical effect.

Objective To analyze the effect of the rhinoplasty on body image in the patients receiving cosmetic surgery,to investigate the change of postoperative body image disturbance(BDD)and to analyze the influencing factors of preoperative BDD in order to provide a basis for the psychological health management and reference for the diagnosis and treatment of plastic surgery.Methods A prospective study was performed on 84 patients with rhinoplasty admitted to the Affiliated Friendship Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2015 to March 2016.The general data were investigated.The Plastic Psychological State Self-rating Scale was adopted to evaluate the patient′s body image situation,which was reexamined at postoperative 1-3 months.Results The preoperative non-BDD accounted for 60.71％,the occurrence rate of BDD was 19.05％,the other mental disorders,mental diseases or nervous system disease which had no relation with the BDD accounted for 20.24％;the occurrence rate of postoperative BDD was significantly lower than that of preoperative BDD(P＜0.05),moreover the patients with non-BDD had no postoperative BDD occurrence.The scores of question 1-10 before operation in the BDD group were higher than those in the non-BDD group,the scores of question 1-4 after operation in the non-BDD group were decreased,the scores of question 1-4,6-10 in the BDD group were decreased,while the scores of question 1,7,9-10 in the BDD group were higher than those in the non-BDD group(P＜0.05).The proportion of preoperative rhinoplasty and plastic surgery in the BDD group was higher than that in the non-BDD group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The occurrence rate of BDD in the patients with rhinoplasty is higher,operation is conducive to lessen the BDD,moreover operation itself will not result in new BDD.

Objective To investigate the pathological? histochemical and clinical features of primary clear cell carcinoma of the urina ry bladder. Methods The clinical data,light and electron microscopic manifestations,histopathological and immunohistochemical features of 2 cases were reviewed. Results The tumor was located in the right wall near the neck of the bladder in 2 cases,the outstanding symptom was hematuria.On histopathological study,the tumor was characterized by diffus e sheets of clear cells containing aboundant clear cells with glycogen-rich cyt oplasm and adenoid structures,immunohistochemical asssay of PAS and AB being pos itive in the tumor tissues.Electronmicroscopic study showed large polygonal cell s containing ample cytoplasm,many of the cells being short with stubby microvill i extending into the glandular lumina whereas organelles were sparse.One case un derwent partial cystectomy and metastasis of lymph-node was founded 30 months l ater.The other case underwent transurethral resection and was tumor free 15 mon ths after operation. Conclusions The histogenesis of cl ear cell carcinoma of the bladder is unclear yet.The diagnosis dependes on patho logic studies,and should be differentiated from nephrogenic adenoma and metastat ic carcinoma.

Aim To investigate the preventive effect of nicotinylsalicylic acid(NSA) on experimental atherosclerosis in high cholesterol-fed quails. Methods Ninety one male quails were randomly divided into six groups:groupⅠ,normal control;groupⅡ,model control;group Ⅲ, NSA 150 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1); group Ⅳ, NSA 300 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1); groupⅤ, the nicotinic acid 75 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) and the acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1); groupⅥ, the nicotinic acid 150 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1). The levels of TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C and MDA in serum were measured with biochemical method(0,4,8 wks). All of the quails were killed after 8 wks. Variables observed included aorta pathologic changed, TC and TG contents and the heart pathologic changes. Results The experimental data indicated that the high cholesterol-feeding increased the level of TC,TG,LDL-C and MDA,decreased the level of HDL-C in serum, aortic wall have obvious atherosclerosis. Data of the study demonstrated that the level of TC,TG,LDL-C and MDA were decreased,the level of HDL-C were increased by NSA in the high cholesterol-fed quails,aortic wall TC,TG were decreased by NSA,and atherosclerosis was regressed in aortic wall. Conclusion NSA has preventive effect on the experimental atherosclerosis among the high cholesterol-fed quails.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of vascularized composite flap with iliac crest and nternal oblique muscle of abdomen for half mandibular reconstruction.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to Sept. 2013, 14 cases with half mandibular defect after tumor resection were treated with composite flap of iliac crest and internal oblique muscle of abdomen pedicled by deep circumflex iliac vessels. During operation, one group performed tumor resection and got the recipient area vessels ready for anastomosis. The other group performed harvesting of composite flap. Then the flap was trimmed and fixed to construct the defect with vessel anastomosis.

RESULTSAll the 14 composite flaps survived with local infection only in 1 case. The size of harvested iliac crest ranged from 6 cm x 3 cm to 9 cm x 3 cm. The size of harvested internal oblique muscle of abdomen ranged from 5 cm x 4 cm to 7 cm x 5 cm. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 26 months (mean, 13 months) with satisfactory results and no complication. Mandibular panoramic radiographs showed new bone formation and good union.

CONCLUSIONSVascularized composite flap with iliac crest and internal oblique muscle of abdomen has the advantages of abundant bone volume, as well as soft tissue reconstruction in one stage. The reconstructed mandible can attain normal function and appearance.

Abdominal Muscles ; transplantation ; Abdominal Wall ; Humans ; Ilium ; transplantation ; Mandibular Reconstruction ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; transplantation

Objective To discuss the efficacy of application combination Of minimal immunosuppressive drugs in chronic allograft nephropathy after renal transplantation. Methods Data were drawn from the First Hospital of Tsinghua University.From September 1,2004 to July 1,2006,31 cadaver kidney transplantations were performed using triple immunosuppression with tacrolimus(n=31)and MMF plus steroids before using new strategy.The new strategy is Rapamycin+tacrolimus+MMF+Prednisone.The serum ereatinine,GFR(ml/min/1.73 m2)and 24-hours urine protein before and after 12 months of using lOW dose combination of calcineurin inhibitors,MMF,Rapamune,Predsone and Q80 were recorded.During this time,the concentration of tacrolimus,rapamune were monitored as well. Results After 12 months follow-up,the serum creatinine of 28 patients were decreased from(300±21)μmol/L to(215±38)μmol/L.GFR(ml/min/1.73m2)was elevated from 42.54±2.95 to 49.98±3.05.Three patients whose serum creatinine was 416-464μmol/L had to take hemodialysis.The 24-hours urine protein(g)of 31 patients below 0.8 g did not increase urine protein during follow-up.One patient's 24-hours urine protein(g)increased from 0.95 to 1.29.The patient and graft survival rate was 100%(31/31),90.3%(28/31)respectively.The rapamune main side effect was hyperlipidemia. Conclusions Rapamune and low dose Tacrolimus+Myeophenolate Mofetil+Corticosteroid could be a safe treatment.It may improve renal function in chronic allograft nephropathy.