The extraction method with organic solvent extraction to detect nitric oxide was improved, and the production of nitric oxide in mice myocardium in vitro was detected with this method. Using organic solvent (DETC)2-Fe2 + -NO complex was extracted from water phase into ester phase, and nitric oxide in sample of large volume can be detected by ESR at room temperature. The extracting ability of several organic solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, glycerol triacetate, iso-amy lacetate, and n-butanol, was compared, and it was found that ethyl acetate was a good kind of organic solvent. There was a good linear relationship between the concentration of nitric oxide and ESR intensity within concentration of 20μmol/L, and the detected limit was improved to below 200 nmol/L; (DETC)2-Fe2+ -NO complex is easy to decompose in light but it is very stable in dark at 0～4℃ which, there is only a little change after ten days.

Objective To observe the changes of T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in patients with late stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after treatment with PD-1 inhibitor and its clinical effect.Methods Totally 23 patients with NSCLC in Guangzhou Modern Hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were collected.All patients were given 6 cycles of PD-1 inhibitor treatment after chemotherapy or targeted drug treatment failure.Peripheral venous blood was collected before and after treatment to detect the percentage of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 + and NK cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes.The curative effects were evaluated by chest CT after treatment of 2,4,6 cycles.Results Compared with before treatment,the proportions of CD3+ (69.56％ ±7.81％ vs.63.91％ ±6.43％,t =2.679,P =0.005),CD4+ (39.01％ ±4.98％ vs.36.09％ ±4.77％,t =2.031,P =0.024) and CD4+/CD8+ (1.82 ±0.48 vs.1.49 ± 0.32,t =2.743,P =0.004) were increased after treatment,with significant differences.While compared with before treatment,the proportions of CD8 + (24.08％ ± 5.13％ vs.26.04％ ± 6.44％,t =1.142,P =0.130) and NK cells (22.68 ％ ± 9.56％ vs.21.45 ％ ± 10.01％,t =0.426,P =0.337) had little changes,with no significant differences.There were 3 patients with complete remission,10 patients with partial remission,8 patients with stable disease and 2 patients with progressive disease when completing 6 cycles of PD-1 inhibitor treatment.Ten patients showed untoward effects such as mild sleepiness,thirst,tussis,pruritus and rash,and they were well tolerable.Conclusion PD-1 inhibitor can improve the patient's cellular immune function,and can achieve a more satisfactory short-term efficacy and acceptable adverse reactions,which maybe bring new hopes for patients with NSCLC.

Objective:To study the relationship between plasma homocysteine (Hcy),serum folate,Vitamin B12 levels and Vascular dementia (VD).Methods:30 VD patients,58 patients with nondemented cerebral infarction and 30 normal subjects of the same age were recruited in to the study.Their plasma Hcy levels were measured by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC),and the levels of serum folate and Vitamin B12 were also determined by radioimmune assay (RIA).Results:Mean of Plasma homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in VD group than in the nondemented cerebral infarction group.Which were significantly higher in the nondemented cerebral infarction group than in the normal subjects of the same age.Serum folate levels in the VD group were significantly lower than those in the nondemented cerebral infarction group.Which were significantly lower than those of normal subjects.Conclusion:Hcy may be a new risk factor for the onset of VD.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and stroke. Stimulants such as ephedrine and caffeine and their herbal counterparts have been proved effective in reducing body mass; however, their use is controversial due to the undesired effects. Therefore, it is necessary to find a tolerable and effective nutraceutical that can increase energy expenditure and/or decrease calorie intake to reduce weight.OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a preparation containing node of Lotus Rhizome, green tea, and Panax notoginsengin reducing body mass and fat in obese adults.DESIGN: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study using the volunteers as the subjects.SETTING: Institute of Natural Drug of Yunnan Baiyao Group.PARTICIPANTS: The trial was conducted in the Institute of Natural Drug of Yunnan Baiyao Group from July 5 to August 23 in 2003. Altogether 82 obese volunteers[35 men and 47 women aged 26- 50 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 ] were randomly assigned to treatment and placebo groups with 41 in each group.METHODS: The treatment group received 9 g pill of a dietary supplement containing a proprietary blend of node of Lotus Rhizome, green tea and Panax notoginseng every day for 7 weeks, while the placebo group received 9 g pill of rice flour every day for 7 weeks. Their body mass, percentage of body fat,absolute fat mass, BMI, waist and hip circumference, and anthropometric measurements were recorded at the beginning and the end of the study. The subjects completed daily dietary intake records on days 1 to 3 and 47 to 49. They also completed weekly activity logs throughout the study.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Final outcome indexes: body mass,percentage of body fat, BMI, waist and hip circumference; ② Replacement indexes: diet, heart rate, oxygen consumption and blood pressure; ③ Risk indexes: adverse events and side effects.RESULTS: Four subjects (1 from the treatment group and 3 from the placebo group) dropped out for personal reasons unrelated to the study. No significant changes were found in the consumption of total calories, percentage of calories ingested as carbohydrates, fat or protein, or activity levels in either group throughout the study. Body mass, percentage of body fat and BMI of the treatment group were(74.7 ± 11.4) kg, (33.0±4. 1)% and(28.5±2.7) kg/m2 before the experiment, and(73.6 ± 12.4) kg, (31.3 ±4.5)%and(27.9 ± 3.0) kg/m2 at week 7, with significant differences. Waist and hip circumference of the treatment group was obviously decreased, but did not differ significantly before and after the experiment in the placebogroup. There were no significant differences in heart rate, oxygen consumption and blood pressure between the two groups. No obvious side effects were observed in the two groups.CONCLUSION: The novel combination of node of Lotus Rhizome, green tea and Panax notoginseng can significantly reduce body mass and fat in obese adults.

Objective To evaluate the effects of inhaled aerosolized different doses of lidocaine on lung injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Thirty ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 18-58 yr,weighing 35-70 kg,undergoing elective cardiac valve replacement with CPB,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),lidocaine 100 mg group (group L1) and lidocaine 200 mg group (group L2).Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of midazolam,etomidate,fentanyl and vecuronium.The patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.The aemsolized normal saline 10 ml,2％ lidocaine 5 ml + saline 5 ml and 2％ lidocaine 10 ml were inhaled in C,L1 and L2 groups,respectively,starting from 10 min after induction.At 10 min after induction (T0),1 and 10 min after opening of vena cava (T1,2),and the end of CPB (T3),blood samples were collected from the left radial artery (LRA) and right atrium (RA) for determination of plasma interleukin8 (IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (using ELISA) and the expression of CD11 b on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (by flow cytometry).Blood samples were collected from the left radial artery at T0,immediately after beginning of CPB,at T3 and at 2 and 6 h after termination of CPB for blood gas analysis.The oxygenation index (OI),respiratory index (RI) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were calculated.Results Compared with group C,the ratio between IL-8 concentration in LRA and in RA (concentration of IL-8LRA/RA) was significantly decreased at T2,3,the concentration of MDALRA/RA was decreased at T3 (P ＜ 0.05),no significant change was found in the expression of CD11bLRA/RA at each time point (P ＞ 0.05),and RI was decreased at T3 in L1 and L2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the concentration of IL-8LRA/RA,TNF-αLRA/RA and MDALRA/RA,expression of CD11bLR A/RA,RI,OI and Cdyn at each time point between group L2 and group L1 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Aerosolized lidocaine inhalation can attenuate lung injury and improve lung function in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB by reducing inflammatory responses and lipid peroxidation in lung tissues.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic abnormalities of FHIT gene in nasal and paranasal sinus carcinoma, and to explore its relationship between genetic abnormalities of FHIT gene and etiology of nasal and paranasal sinus carcinoma(NPSC). METHODS The clinical data of 48 patients with NPSC treated with radical operations from 1991 to 2000 were studied retrospectively. Patients included 23 female and 25 male ranging in age from 20 to 71 years. Immunohistochemistry with SP method was used to assess the expression of FHIT in the carcinoma specimens of the patients. Microdissection and denaturating high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) were used to analyze the loss of hereteozygosity (LOH) of DS1234 in exon 8 of FHIT gene. RESULTS The loss of expression of FHIT was found in 5 patients(10.4 %, 5/48). Comparing with adjacent non-neoplastic tissue, reduced expression of HFIT was found in 16 (55.17 %, 16/29) patients. The adenoid cystic carcinoma showed stronger expression of FHIT than squamous cell carcinoma(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on postoperative outcome in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty-four patients of both sexes,aged 18-55 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅲ,with New York Heart Association Ⅱ[or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement with CPB,were divided into 2 groups (n =22 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and group EA.In group EA,patients received EA stimulation with needles at bilateral Neiguan,Ximen,Shenmen and Baihui acupoints (disperse-dense waves,frequency 2 Hz,intensity 1.0-1.2 mA) from 20 min before anesthesia induction to the end of surgery.After induction of general anesthesia,the patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated,and combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia was used to maintain anesthesia.Quality of Recovery 9 and Minimum Mental State Examination scores were assessed on the day before surgery and 1 and 3 days after surgery.The development of nausea and vomiting,postoperative cognitive dysfunction,requirement for rescue analgesics and ventricular arrhythmia was recorded within 3 days after surgery.The consumption of sufentanil in surgery,extubation time,the first flatus time,the first postoperative off-bed time,duration of stay in the intensive care unit and length of hospital stay after sugery were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the consumption of sufentanil in surgery was significantly decreased,Quality of Recovery 9 scores were increased at 1 and 3 days after surgery,the incidence of nausea and vomiting,postoperative cognitive dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmia was decreased within 3 days after surgery,and the extubation time,the first flatus time,the first postoperative off-bed time and length of hospital stay after surgery were significantly shortened in group EA (P＜0.05).Conclusion EA can promote postoperative outcome in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with CPB.

Objective To synthesize 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 and evaluate its potential for PET imaging on nude mice bearing high-metastatic potential hepatoma cells.Methods NOTA-G-TMTP1 was synthesized by the standard Fmoc-solid phase synthetic protocols and radiolabeled with 18F using NOTA-AlF chelation method.The nude mice models bearing low-metastatic potential HCC97L and high-metastatic potential HCCLM3 xenografts were established separately.The tumor-targeting characteristics of 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 were assessed by microPET/CT and biodistribution assay.Results NOTA-G-TMTP1 was labeled with 18F in one step with (25±6)％ labeling yield (n=5).The radiochemical purity of 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 was more than 95％ with a specific activity more than 11.1 GBq/μmol.The octanol/water partition coefficient (logP) for 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 was-3.166±0.022.The tumor to muscle ratios were 1.8± 0.4 and 4.7±0.2 at 35 min post injection for HCC97L and HCCLM3,respectively.The uptake of 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 in HCCLM3 tumor was inhibited (61.4％) by unlabeled G-TMTP1.Conclusion 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 has been successfully synthesized.It shows specific uptake by tumor induced by the high-metastatic potential hepatoma cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of acarbose versus fenofibrate on insulin secretion and insulin resistance in the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and hypertriglyceridemia. Methods Eighty subjects were allocated to acarbose group (28 cases),fenofibrate group (30 cases),and control group (22 cases) without intervention for 3 months,and also divided into elderly (46 cases) and younger groups (34 cases). Fasting blood samples were collected for measuring fasting plasma glucose and lipid.Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were carried out with measurement of plasma insulin and glucose before ad after treatment.Early insulin secretion indexes(△I30/△G30),insulin secretion indexes (HOMA -β) and insulin resistance indexes (HOMA-IR)were calculated. Results After 3-months of treatment,the lipid profile was evidently improved in fenofibrate group. Levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly reduced ( both P ＜ 0.01 ),△I30/△G30 was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05) and HOMA-IR was decreased (P＜＜0.01).In acarbose group,levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2hours postprandial plasma glucose (2 hPG) and HOMA-IR were reduced (all P＜0.01),△I30/△G30 and HOMA-β were enhanced (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).No change of above indicators was found in the control group.Compared with fenofibrate group,acarbose group had higher △ I30/△G30 (P＜ 0.05),HOMA-β (P＜ 0.01 ) and lower HOMA-IR ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The improvement of △△I30/△G30 was correlated with the decreasing of plasma FPG,2 hPG and TG(r=0.5812,0.6327,0.3872,P＜0.01),while HOMA-1R was related with the decreasing of plasma 2 hPG,TG and TC(r=0.8126,0.4671,0.2895,P＜ 0.01). HOMA-IR,△I30/△G30 and HOMA-β were lower (P＜0.01) and acarbose improved insulin resistance better (P＜0.05) in the elderly than in the younger with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions Pancreatic β-cell function declines gradually with aging,acarbose may have advantage over fenofibrate in improving early insulin secretion and resistance which was more relieved by diminishing glucotoxity in comparison with lipotoxity.

Objective To survey the biliary flora in patients with obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic head cancer,also the multiple factors which affect the positive findings of bile culture in these patients.Methods The information of 65 patients with obstruetive jaundice due to pancreatic head eancer,who admitted to surgery in Huashan Hospital from Oetober 2007 to October 2008 were reviewed retrospectively.The factors which may potentially affect the detection of bile pathogen in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice were studied with univarite analysis and muhivariate analysis,including age,history of biliary surgery,yellow stained time,serum alanihe aminotransferase level,serum bilirubin level,CA19-9 level,tumor size,site of obstruction,with or without clinical manifestations of biliary infection,and APACHE Ⅱ score.Results Twenty-five positive cultures happened in 65 bile samples (38.5％),including 21 strains of Gram-negative baeilli (72.4％),6 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (20.7％),and 2 strains of fungi (6.9％).Univariate analysis showed that the relevant factors which may affect the rate of positive bile culture in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice were age,history of biliary surgery,biliary obstruction site,biliary tract infection symptoms and APACHE Ⅱ score.Multivariate analysis showed that age,history of biliary surgery,biliary obstruction site and APACHE Ⅱ seore were independent risk factors.Conctusion Age,history of biliary surgery,biliary obstruction site and APACHE Ⅱ score were independent risk factors which led to positive findings of bile cultures in patients with obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic head cancer.