1. Personal noise exposure of workers at Erdenet Mining Corporation
Bolormaa M ; Delgermaa V ; Naransukh D ; Erdenechimeg E
Innovation 2015;9(2):24-26
Noise exposure is one of most common health hazards at workplace. But,there is very limited data of about occupational exposure to noise at workplaces in Mongolia. This study evaluated noise exposure among the workers. In pilot study, noise pressure level was measured for 103 Mechanical factory and office workers forfull work shifts by A-weighting scale. Personal noise dosimeters, Etymothic R-200DW7 were used to measure noise level. Average noise pressure levels ofworkers were 87.56 dBA in mechanical factory, 86.29 dBA in mechanical shop and 90.24 dBA in casting shop. Noise levels in the casting shop were exceeded by 1.29-5.24 dB for Recommended Exposure Level (REL).
2.The inhibitory effects of rotenone, 2, 4-dinitrophenol, oligomycin on the electron proton flow through “The membrane redox potential three state line”
Delgermaa E ; Narantsetseg J ; Ambaga M ; Sarantsetseg B ; Tumen-Olzii A
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2014;170(4):78-83
Rotenone is a specific inhibitor of the NADH dehydrogenase complex. In mitochondria, rotenone inhibitsthe oxidation of NADH to NAD, thereby blocking the oxidation of NAD and the substrates such asglutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and pyruvate. Rotenone also inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chainbetween diphosphopyridine nucleotide and flavine.2, 4-Dinitrophenol – (DNP) is lipophilic weak acids that pick up a proton, transport across the mitochondrialinner membrane into the matrix, deprotonate, then exit as anions before repeating the catalytic cycle,and dissipating the proton gradient. In this situation, electrons continue to pass through the electrontransport system, reduce oxygen to water and metabolic rate, heat are increased, but ATP is lesssynthesized in this process.The macrolide antibiotic - oligomycin binds to the surface of the c8-10 ring of the Fo domain of ATPsynthase, making contact with two neighboring molecules and blocking proton flow, which explains theinhibitory effect on ATP synthesis. Intraperitoneal injection of oligomycin into the rat (0.5 mg per kg)reduces the oxygen consumption by about 50%; decreases ATP production by the aerobic pathway andincreases formation of lactate in blood serum. These changes may cause a decelerated metabolism andan increased formation of free radicals or ROS in membranes.
3.МОНГОЛ ХҮНИЙ ТӨРӨЛХИЙН БОЛОН ОЛДМОЛ ХЭЛБЭРИЙН ДҮЛИЙН ҮЕИЙН CONNEXIN 26 ГЕНИЙН МУТАЦИЙГ ТОДОРХОЙЛСОН СУДАЛГААНЫ АЖЛЫН ЗАРИМ ҮР ДҮН
Jargalkhuu E ; Chen Chi Wu ; Delgermaa B ; Zaya M ; Khongorzul B ; Myagmarnaran M ; Chuluun-Erdene Ts
Innovation 2017;3(3):28-32
BACKGROUND. Sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI) is the most common inherited sensory defect, affecting about 3 per 1000 children. More than 50% of these patients have a genetic cause (i.e. hereditary hearing impairment; HHI). Mutations in certain genes were noted to be extraordinarily popular in the deaf patients across different populations, making molecular screening feasible for these common deafness genes. One of the most important characteristics that we have learned concerning hereditary hearing loss is that common deafness genes and their mutations are usually different according to the ethnic background. As demonstrated in our previous studies performed in Taiwanese patients, the mutation spectrums of common deafness genes, such as the GJB2 gene and the SLC26A4 gene, are different from those in the Caucasian or even other Asian populations. These findings further underscore the indispensability of the collection of local data in terms of genetic counseling.
In the collaborative project, we have successfully established a cohort of >100 hearing-impaired families, and clarified the genetic epidemiology of deafness in the Mongolian population. We identified several special deafness mutations such as GJB2 c.23+1G>A, c.559_604dup, and SLC26A4 c.919-2A>G, and our results revealed that Mongolian patients demonstrate a unique genetic profile in deafness as compared to other East Asian populations (paper in preparation). Meanwhile, by organizing a seminar at National Taiwan University Hospital in March 2017, we have transferred crucial concepts and techniques regarding how to perform genetic testing for deafness to the Mongolian colleagues. In the future, we plan to strengthen the mutual collaboration by expanding the clinical cohort and upgrading the genetic examination platform using the NGS techniques.
4.СОНСГОЛЫН ХҮНД ХЭЛБЭРИЙН БУУРАЛТТАЙ ХҮНД CONNEXIN 26 ГЕНИЙН МУТАЦИЙГ ТОДОРХОЙЛСОН ТӨСӨЛТ АЖЛЫН ЗАРИМ ҮР ДҮН
Jargalkhuu E ; Chen-Chi Wu ; Delgermaa B ; Zaya M ; Myagmarnaran N ; Chuluun-Erdene Ts ; Khongotzul G
Innovation 2018;12(3):10-14
BACKGROUND. Sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI) is the most common inherited
sensory defect, affecting about 3 per 1000 children. More than 50% of these patients
have a genetic cause (i.e. hereditary hearing impairment; HHI). Mutations in certain
genes were noted to be extraordinarily popular in the deaf patients across different
populations, making molecular screening feasible for these common deafness genes.
One of the most important characteristics that we have learned concerning hereditary
hearing loss is that common deafness genes and their mutations are usually different
according to the ethnic background. As demonstrated in our previous studies performed
in Taiwanese patients, the mutation spectrums of common deafness genes, such as the
GJB2 gene and the SLC26A4 gene, are different from those in the Caucasian or even
other Asian populations. These findings further underscore the indispensability of the
collection of local data in terms of genetic counseling.
In the collaborative project, we have successfully established a cohort of >100 hearingimpaired
families, and clarified the genetic epidemiology of deafness in the Mongolian
population. We identified several special deafness mutations such as GJB2 c.23+1G>A,
c.559_604dup, and SLC26A4 c.919-2A>G, and our results revealed that Mongolian
patients demonstrate a unique genetic profile in deafness as compared to other
East Asian populations (paper in preparation). Meanwhile, by organizing a seminar at
National Taiwan University Hospital in March 2017, we have transferred crucial concepts
and techniques regarding how to perform genetic testing for deafness to the Mongolian
colleagues. In the future, we plan to strengthen the mutual collaboration by expanding
the clinical cohort and upgrading the genetic examination platform using the NGS
techniques.
5.The most frequently used medical raws for the treatment of
Delgermaa E ; Ambaga M ; Khurelchuluun B ; Bolor B ; Bazarragchaa
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2019;15(2):12-15
Background:
Some findings of an artifacts have revealed that nature based the raw have been used for the treatment of mankind's diseases over 60 000 years ago. WHO estimates that about 80 percentage of the world's population are consume the traditional medical care, and uses more than 21,000 plant species for therapeutic purposes. In order to help guide its member countries the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed The WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023. Some of the strategic actions in this document include:
• To develop and share appropriate research methodologies and criteria for evaluating the safety, efficacy, and quality of TM (Traditional Medicine) products;
• To study and explain the disease prevention, health maintenance, the diagnosis and the treatment of the TM disease according to the evidence based scientific studies.
Objectives:
to determine the most frequently used medicinal plants for the treatment of "Rlung" in the TM.
Methods:
The comparison method, the synthesis and analysis method, the induction and deduction method, the listing and sorting method, the inspecting and arrange method, and the methods of documents' drafting were used in this study.
Results:
It is shown that over 80 raw materials of plant, mineral and animal origins has to list within 32 drug recipes which used "Rlung" disease of TM. The first five raw materials from these 80 ingredients have been repeatedly lists zadi - 30, agar (black, white, red agar) -19, arur-19, lish -18, and nin shosh -18 times.
Conclusion
The most frequently used the raw materialin the treatment of "Rlung" diseases is the seeds of Myristica fragrans Houtt. which contains a lot of the saturated acids with membrane-enhancing effects and strong antioxidant substances.
6.The review about seed oils used in the treatment of traditional medicine
Odgerel B ; Delgermaa E ; Bold Sh ; Bolor B ; Bat-Erdene E
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2018;12(1):7-10
Background:
The basics of the development of the Traditional Medicine (TM) in the XXI century
are to study medical books created by physicians of the early period; and need to scientific - based
understanding the concepts in those scripts.
Goals:
To investigate the physical properties and the composition of saturated and unsaturated
fatty acids (FA) sesame oil which used the symptoms of the wind humor root diseases (the symbolic
terminology in TM) comparing with some vegetable oils or seed oils.
Materials and methods:
We are used “The Instruction Tantra” of “The Quintessence Tantras”,
“The Golden Decoration” (གསེར་རྒྱན།) of Darma maaramba Luvsanchoidog which is the explanation
scripts of “The Instruction Tantra”. The research was conducted through the method of original
manuscript analysis, the comparison method, induction and deduction method.
Results:
The sesame oil has the saturated FA (14.2%) and unsaturated FA (81.4%) and which
approximately amount with the olive oil (13.8%; 83.5%), sunflower oil (9.7%; 87.4%), corn oil
(12.9%; 82.3%), soybean oil (15.6%; 80.5%).
Conclusions
Sesame oil has saturated (14.2%) and unsaturated fatty acids (81.4%); and
has been used for the treatment of wind humor such as light, mobile, non-oily, cool nature –
external characteristics of body in Ancient Indian Ayurvedic Medicine. We can be substitute olive
oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil which have rich of the amount of unsaturated FA (especially
high level of mono and poly unsaturated FA) instead of the sesame oil in the treatment.
7.The prevalence of primary headache disorders in the adult population of Mongolia
Byambasuren Ts ; Otgonbayar L ; Dorjkhand B ; Selenge E ; Yerkyebulan M ; Undram L ; Delgermaa P ; Oyuntuvshin B
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2018;185(3):41-48
Background:
Headache disorders are most prevalent public-health problem. Worldwide, among the adults 46% suffer from primary headache, where the migraine presents 11% and tension type headache (TTH) presents 25%. Recently, one type of the primary headache, medication overuse headache tends to increase. Nowadays, there is no sufficient study about primary headache in Mongolia. So that, it is necessary to investigate prevalence, clinical type and risk factors of the primary headache.
Purpose:
To study prevalence and risk factors of primary headache in Mongolia.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out from June to November of 2017. Participants aged 18-65 years old were randomly selected from four provinces and three districts of Ulaanbaatar city. The diagnosis of headache was made using the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 beta. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS-23 program.
Results:
A total of 2043 participants (812 men and 1231 women) were reviewed. The participant’s average age was 38.6±13.4years. 1350 (66.1%) participants reported recurrent headache within the last 1 year. Of the total study population, the prevalence rate of primary headache was 1305 (63.9%). Number of people who suffered from migraine was 494 (24.2%), significantly greater in female than male participants (p=0.0001), with most frequent attacks at age 26-45 years. The risk of migraine associated with sex, education and family history (p=0.001). 592 (29.0%) of participants had TTH, mean age of them was 37.7±5.24, significant high rate in female than men, risk of TTH depends on education and job. The medication overuse headache was diagnosed at 116 (5.7%), 29.4% in men and 70.5% in women with average of 45.6±11.4 and 43±12.7 respectively. Among the participants 38.6% used medications, 28% people had one drug, 8.5% two drugs and 2% used three or more drugs. Use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) made up major percent in headache patients. Increased frequency of medication and multidrug affected to medication overuse headache (p=0.008).
Conclusion
More than half of studied population had primary headache. Migraine was in 24.2%, TTH in 29.0% of people, and associated with sex, education and family history. Use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs made up major percent in headache patients.
8.The result of the changes of the work-related stress of physicians and nurses with the critical ill patient units
Bazarragchaa S ; Munkh-Erdene L ; Khishigsuren Z ; Delgermaa E ; TSeden P
Mongolian Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2019;15(2):7-11
Background:
The career and work of medical workers are considered to be the occupation of
the highly responsible job of the worldwide.
Goal:
To identify the percentage of the work-related stress, the burnout, and the symptoms of
work-related stress of the physicians and nurses who is working at the critical and intensive care
units of UB hospitals.
Materials and methodology:
The survey was done by quantitative methods and cross sectional design. The study data was collected using the validated questionnaire for the work related stress. The results of the study were analyzed by the Microsoft Excel and SPSS 20 program.
Results
The response rate was 97.3% The study found that 78.7% of respondents reported having regular stress; and 89.4% of all participants in the survey had a personal burnout, 90.4% had work-related burnout and 94.5% had a high level of client-related burnout.
Physical symptoms include the insomnia 76.7%; psychological symptoms - the headaches 65%; behavioral symptoms as like forgetfulness and annoyance 53.3%; cognitive symptoms as like an increase in sick days or absenteeism by 40% for all physicians and nurses.