ObjectiveTo explore the methods of prevention and treatment of the iatrogenic biliary-tract injury.Methods22 cases with the iatrogenic biliary-tract injury were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsModified Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy was performed in 11 cases, end-to-end anastomosis of bile duct in 4 cases, repair of bile duct in 2 cases, a drainage of the inter bile duct and the abdominal cavity in 5 cases. Only 1 case of common bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectoy was death from the toxic shock, another case of bile duct injury after conventional cholecystectoy with the drainage of abdominal cavity was death from multiple system organ failure, all of the other patients were cured.ConclusionThe iatrogenic biliary-tract injury may be causes variously, and should be discovered as soon as possible and be operated in time.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the content variation rule and influencing factors of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF)in the extraction process of the herbs Schisandra chinensis and improve the quality of monitoring the extract of Schisandra chinensis. METHODS:High performance liquid chromatography was adopted to determine the contents of 5-HMF in the extracts during the extraction process (decoction,vacuum concentration,alcohol precipitation,vacuum drying,alkali adjustment),and the content variation rule was found out. For vacuum drying during which the content of 5-HMF reduced obviously,the effects of the tempera-ture and time of drying on the content of 5-HMF were studied,and the effects of vacuum drying and freeze drying on the 5-HMF contents were compared. RESULTS:The content variation trend in the extraction process of Schisandra chinensis was as follows as a large amount of 5-HMF was produced in the herbs decoction process;the content of 5-HMF increased during concentration,re-duced during the alcohol precipitation and the vacuum drying of the extracts by three times concentrate,and maintained substantial-ly unchanged during alkali adjustment. In the process of vacuum drying,the content of 5-HMF decreased with temperature rise and time extension. Freeze drying had no effect as good as that of vacuum drying in the reduction in the content of 5-HMF. CON-CLUSIONS:It is suggested that the vacuum drying of the extracts by three times concentrate at higher temperature,which may pro-duce the extract of Schisandra chinensis with lower content of 5-HMF and thus improve the quality of Schisandra chinensis extract.

Objective To investigate the susceptibilities of HCMV clinical strains isolated to ganciclovir from the patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Methods Eight HCMV clinical isolates were isolated from the blood or the urine of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients who had been treated with GCV.Tissue cell infection median dose(TCID50) were calculated by Reed-Muench method.Drug susceptibility was determined by MTT assay.Results TCID50 values of eight HCMV clinical strains were 10-4.12/0.1ml,10-4.29/0.1ml,10-4.3/0.1ml,10-4.4/0.1ml 10-4.42/0.1ml,10-4.5/0.1ml,10-4.52/0.1ml and 10-4.62/0.1ml respectively.50％ inhibitory concentration(IC50) to GCV of eight HCMV clinical strains were 0.638,1.438,0.965,0.698,0.482,1.167,1.519,1.511 mg/L respectively.Conclusion Our results suggest that resistant HCMV strains are not prevalent in Guangzhou.Continuous monitoring of HCMV is needed to understand the antiviral resistance status of the virus in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and guide its clinical management.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the compatibility stability of Salvianolic acid for injection (SAFI) combined with 8 kinds of common solvents. METHODS:Referring to package inserts,SAFI was collected and combined with 0.9% Sodium chlo-ride injection,5% Glucose injection,10% Glucose injection,Compound sodium chloride injection,Mannitol injection,Glycerol fructose and sodium chloride injection,Sodium lactate Ringer's injection,Glucose and sodium chloride injection,250 mL each re-spectively,and then sealed in the dark at the room temperature. The appearance of mixtures were observed,pH value,the number of insoluble particles,maximal absorption wavelength and maximal absorbance were detected,and the contents of salvianolic acid B,rosmarinic acid,lithospermic acid and salvianolic acid Y in mixtures were determined by HPLC at 0,1,2,4,8 h after mix-ing. RESULTS:Under above condition,no obvious change was found in appearance or pH values of the mixtures within 8 h. Maxi-mal absorption wavelength ranged 284.5-286.0 nm. After mixed with Mannitol injection,the number of particles≥10μm(1-8 h af-ter mixing)and particles ≥25 μm(4-8 h after mixing)exceeded the scope of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition);the maxi-mal absorbance changed significantly(RSD=9.17%,n=5);the relative content of salvianolic acid B,rosmarinic acid,lithosper-mic acid and salvianolic acid Y decreased by more than 10%(RSD=14.65%,6.45%,8.97%,12.49%,n=5);after mixed with Sodium lactate Ringer's injection,the relative content of rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid changed greatly (RSD=14.57%, 7.28%,n=5);after mixed with 5% Glucose injection(4-8 h after mixing)and Glycerol fructose and sodium chloride injection(8 h after mixing),the relative content of rosmarinic acid were less than 90%(RSD=6.30%,4.86%,n=5);and the number of particles ≥25μm exceeded the scope of phamcopoeia after mixing with Glycerol fructose and sodium injection(0 h). The number of insoluble particles in other mixtures were in line with the standard of pharmacopoeia;maximal absorbance had no significant change(RSD<5%,n=5),and the relative content change of analytes were all less than 10%. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical appli-cation of SAFI combined with Mannitol injection,Sodium lactate Ringe's injection and Glycerol fructose and sodium injecrion should be avoided. After mixed with 5% Glucose injection,SAFI should be used within 4 h. SAFI can be compatible with 0.9%Sodium chloride injection,10% Glucose injection,Compound sodium chloride injection and Glucose and sodium chloride injec-tion.

The main ingredients of Ophiopogonjaponicas include steroidal saponins,flavonoids,polysaccharides,and so on,but the research on polysaccharides is relatively less.This particle will mainly review the chemical composition,analytical methods,and pharmacological effects of Ophiopogon polysaccharides.The Ophiopogon polysaccharides contain a variety of substances,such as MDG-1,Md-1,Md-2,OJP-1,etc;The main analysis methods were sulfuric acid method,phenol-sulfuric acid method,3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) colorimetric method,and near-infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression method.Ophiopogon polysaccharides can effectively improve the cardiovascular system diseases,with antihypoxia,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,anti-oxidation,and other pharmacological effects.

OBJECTIVETo determine the total content of 10 ginsenosides in Yiqifumai lyophilized injection by near infrared spectroscopy.

METHODSixty samples were collected and determined of the total contents of ten ginsenosides by HPLC. The optimal calibration model was established by the contents of 10 ginsenosides in fifty samples and their NIR spectroscopy using the PLS. And the contents of 10 samples were successfully predicted.

RESULTWhen using the pretreatment of the first derivative and MSC in the range of 4 246.8 - 4 602.2, 5 446.8 - 61 02.6 cm(-1), the best dimension was 9, and the quantitative model was accurate. The R2 was 94.2, and the RMSECV was 0.186. The RMSEP of ten samples was 0.234.

CONCLUSIONThis method is easy, rapaid and precise, and can be used to determine the content of 10 ginsenosides in Yiqifumai lyophilized injection.

Freeze Drying ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

OBJECTIVETo determine 4 nortriterpenoids (de-hydroxy arisanlactone D, 25-hydroxy schindilactone, schindilachone A, lancifodilactone D) in Schisandra chinensis extract by HPLC.

METHODThe analysis was performed on a waters symmetry column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (33:67) at a flow rate of 1 ml x min(-1). The column temperature was set at 37 degrees C, and the detector wavelength was 264 nm.

RESULTThe linear ranges of de-hydroxy arisanlactone D, 25-hydroxy schindilactone, schindilachone A, and lancifodilactone D are 0.075-1.800, 0.098-0.980; 0.095-0.950, and 0.053-0.530 microg, respectively, and the average recoveries were 98.57%, 96.44%, 97.96%, and 97.27%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe four nortriterpenoids were well separated by this method, and it could be used to determine the four nortriterpenoids in Schisandra chinensis extract.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study different processing method and mature stage on the quantity of the Schisandra chinensis in the Xinbin region of Liaoning.

METHODThe schisantherin A and 5-hydroxymethylufrurfal (5-HMF) content in S. chinensis was determined by using the HPLC method. The organic acids content was determined by potentiometric titration. The polysaccharide content was determined by oxidation reduction titration. The volatile oil content was determined by steam distillation.

RESULTThe quantity of S. chinensis was different due to different processing method and mature stage.

CONCLUSIONThe different processing method and mature stage have significant influence on the quantity of S. chinensis.

Cyclooctanes ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Dioxoles ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Furaldehyde ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Lignans ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Temperature ; Time Factors