OBJECTIVE To explore the disinfection methods for ophthalmology and to strengthen the measures of disinfection.METHODS The disinfection methods of the environment,equipment and operation field in ophthalmology were investigated and analyzed,and the good disinfection methods were summarized.RESULTS Due to strictly control the disinfection measures in ophthalmology,strengthen management,the hospital infection was reduced.In 2006 eye hospital infection rate was 0.CONCLUSIONS Good disinfection methods can effectively prevent eye hospital infection.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection in ICU patients,risk factors.and measures to prevent infection.METHODS The nosocomial infection of ICU patients in the hospitals from Nov 2005 to Jun 2009 was investigated using the method of target monitoring.The nosocomial infection rate was regulated by the method of ASA.The invasive procedure and the associated infection rate were analyzed.RESULTS Among 833 inpatients in ICU,92 suffered from nosocomial infection,The nosocomial infection rate was 11.04%.and the nosocomial infection rate per day was 4.43% after modified by the method of ASA.The incidence of patients was 5.37%.Totally 145 strains of bacteria were isolated,and the dominant pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli(56.55%).CONCLUSIONS The patients in ICU are susceptible population of nosocomial infection,A.baumannii is the dominating pathogen to cause nosocomial infection in intensive care units.Target monitoring in ICU is an effective surveillance method to reduce the prevalence of nosocomial infection.

Objective To evaluate quality control circle (QCC) impacting on Burnout syndrome of emergency nurse and satisfaction of patients in one hospital of Wenzhou.Methods Emergency nurse,who worked at one hospital of Wenzhou during January 2012 to December 2013,were chosen as sampling objects and divided into QCC group (47 nurses) and control group (39 nurses).The nurses of QCC group underwent QCC activities while nurses of the control group received routine management.The QCC activities lasted 3 months,and one week before and after QCC activities,we questionnaired Burnout syndrome,normal population sociology information,frequency of job burnout syndrome,work performance,and patient's satisfaction.Results Before activities,there was no statistical significance for occurrence of Burnout syndrome between two groups (P ＞ 0.05);one week after the implementation of activities,the fatigue,headache,insomnia,negative emotion had statistical significance between two groups (x2 =5.88,6.01,5.88,6.11,respectively;P ＜ 0.05),but the symptom of irritation were not statistical significant (x2 =0.52,P ＞ 0.05).Before activities,the work performance and patient's satisfaction had no statistical significance;one week after the accomplishment of activities,the scores of colleague relationship,work satisfaction,work efficient,patient's satisfaction for nurses in the QCC group were (5.81 ±0.19),(5.13 ±0.29),(5.12 ± 0.80),(5.33 ±0.54) higher than (4.90 ± 0.83),(4.73 ± 0.37),(4.01 ± 0.91),(4.48 ± 0.30) of the control group (t =2.613,2.433,2.695,2.497,respectively;P ＜ 0.05).The intention of turnover was (2.11 ± 0.98) score in the QCC group lower than that of control group (4.85 ± 0.71) score (t =2.946,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The QCC can promote the Burnout syndrome of emergency nurses,decrease nurse's intention to turnover,and enhance the enthusiasm nurse's work and patient's satisfaction.

OBJECTIVES: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing prevalence of racial and ethnic discrimination occurred when many Americans struggled to maintain healthy lifestyles. This study investigated the associations of racial and ethnic discrimination with changes in exercise and screen time during the pandemic in the United States. METHODS: We included 2,613 adults who self-identified as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, or Hispanic from the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic study, a cross-sectional survey conducted among a nationally representative sample of United States adults between October and November 2020. We assessed self-reported racial and ethnic discrimination by measuring COVID-19-related racial and ethnic bias and examined its associations with changes in exercise and screen time using multivariable logistic regression models. We analyzed data between September 2021 and March 2022. RESULTS: COVID-19-related racial and ethnic bias was associated with decreased exercise time among non-Hispanic Asian (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.89) and Hispanic people (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.77), and with increased screen time among non-Hispanic Black people (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.85), adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, annual household income, insurance, and employment status. CONCLUSIONS Racial and ethnic discrimination may have adversely influenced exercise and screen time changes among racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms through which racial and ethnic discrimination can impact lifestyles and to develop potential strategies to address racial and ethnic discrimination as a barrier to healthy lifestyles.