Objective To analyze the clinical features of pulmonary embolism(PE) after urologic surgery in order to provide the theory base for preventing pulmonary embolism Methods CNKI database was used to look for our subjects who were with PE after urologic surgery from January 2005 to December 2011.Ten cases were selected.Three related patients simultaneously in Xuancheng Central Hospital were also recruited as our subjects.The information of diagnosis and treatment information and clinical features were collected.Results Among the 13 patients,3 were women and 10 were men with confirmed PE.Their age ranged from 48 to 79 years old and the average was 61.Among the 13 patients,2 conducted routine surgery,and the other 11 conducted mini-invasion operation.The 13 patients underwent PE from 2 to 18 days after urologic surgery and 7 patients (53.85％) died of PE.Conclusion No specificity of clinical feature for PE was found to contribute to cure rate.Early diagnosis and prevention of PE are important,and anticoagulant treatment and immediate thrombolytic are critical.

BACKGROUND: At present,enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)is proved to be the best labeled molecule,with unique advantages,such as high fluorescence specificity,easy to be detected,and so on.Recombined retroviral vector EGFP-pLNCX2,which can stably express EGFP,can be construct using gene-engineering technique.Transfecting allogenic chondrocytes is indeed very useful to investigate the target gene expression and process of constructing tissue engineered cartilage in vivo.OBJECTIVE:To construct recombined retroviral vector EGFP-pLNCX2 which can stably express EGFP,and investigate optimal conditions for retrovirus transfection of chondrocytes.DESIGN:Randomized controlled observation.SETTING:Shanghai Jiao Tong University.MATERIALS:Thirty New Zealand rabbits of either gender,1 week of age,were purchased from Experimental Animal Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Amphotropic retrovirus package cell line PT67 pLNCX2 and pEGEP-C1 were purchased from Clontech Company;NIH 3T3 cell line was purchased from ATCC Company;DH5a Bacterium coli was preserved by the laboratory of Shanghai Jiao Tong University;Retroviral vector pLNCX2 was purchased from Clontech Company;pEGFP-C1 plasmid with EGFP were donated by professor Cong Xiao-qian from Chinese Academy of Sciences.METHODS:This experiment was carried out in the Shanghai Jiao Tong University in August 2005.Chondrocytes of New Zealand rabbits were isolated and cultured.The recombinant retroviral vector EGFP-pLNCX2,which can stably express EGFP,was constructed to transfect cultured chondrocytes from New Zealand rabbits by using gene engineering technique.Transfection results were observed under fluorescence microscope.Altogether 6×105 chondrocytes incubated in 10 cm-diameter flat plate were used to transfect retrovirus-EGFP immediately and at 12,24 and 48 hours after inoculation.One week later,EGFP expression efficiency was measured with flow cytometer,and best occasion for retrovirus transfecting primary chondrocytes.Enzyme-digested chondrocytes were inoculated for 24 hours to transfect retrovirus.After 250 mg/L G418 was added,chondrocytes were screened on the 2nd,3rd,4th,5th and 6th days separately.After phosphate buffer solution(PBS)washings,the transfection efficiency of chondrocytes was detected by flow cytometer,and the best occasion for G418 screening was observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①EGFP-pLNCX2 transfection efficiency.②The best occasions for retrovirus transfecting primary chondrocytes and G418 screening.RESULTS: ①Retroviral vector EGFP-pLNCX2 transfected primary chondrocytes of rabbits,and high expression of transfected chondrocytes could be obtained through preliminary screening of G418.After being screened and expressing EGFP,chondrocytes kept normal morphology,with pseudopod adhering to the wall and matrix secreting vigorously.②The best occasion for retrovirus transfecting primary chondrocytes was at 24 hours after cell inoculation.The transfection efficiency determined with flow cytometer was 19.14% on the 5th day.The best occasion for G418 screening was on the 5th day after culture.Transfection efficiency of G418 screening was 55.75% on the 7th day.CONCLUSION:Recombinant retroviral vector EGFP-pLNCX2 can effectively transfect chondrocytes.The best occasion for retrovirus transfecting primary chondrocytes is at 24 hours after inoculation, and the best occasion for G418 screening is on the 5th day after culture.

OBJECTIVE To explore the disinfection methods for ophthalmology and to strengthen the measures of disinfection.METHODS The disinfection methods of the environment,equipment and operation field in ophthalmology were investigated and analyzed,and the good disinfection methods were summarized.RESULTS Due to strictly control the disinfection measures in ophthalmology,strengthen management,the hospital infection was reduced.In 2006 eye hospital infection rate was 0.CONCLUSIONS Good disinfection methods can effectively prevent eye hospital infection.

ObjectiveTo measure cortical areas involved ankle dorsiflexion and planter flexion.MethodsSix-health subjects performed ankle dorsiflexion and planter flexion. While, functional MRI at 1.5 T was made.ResultsWhen ankle dorsiflexion, the excited cortical areas included bilateral primary motor cortex (MⅠ) and primary somatosensory cortex (SⅠ), but area on contralateral side bigger than that on ipsilateral side, as well as chief visual cortexes and vermis of cerebellum. Inhibited areas included area 19, area 20 and area 39. When ankle planter flexion, the excited areas included contralateral secondary motor area (MⅡ) and striate body, ipsilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and limbic system. Inhibited areas included bilateral upper middle precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule and prefrontal cortex.ConclusionThere is a great difference in the brain function images respectively in ankle dorsiflexion and planter flexion.

Objective To analyze the popular characteristic and drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital of Guiy-ang from January 201 1 to December 2013.Methods The distribution characteristic and drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples from January 201 1 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 642 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated for three years in our hospital from January 201 1 to December 2013,there was 57.0% isola-ted from sputum specimens,and 27.9% isolated from excreta of wound.The infected endemic area distribution was made up of Or-thopedic Surgery,ICU,Geriatrics Department and Respiratory Department accounting for 22.9%,20.1%,18.8% and 1 5.9% re-spectively.Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most sensitive to polymyxin bacillosporin.The drug resistance rates to Trimethoprim,Am-picillin and Cefazolin were all 100.0%.The drug resistance rates to Ampicillin/sulbactam and Ceftriaxone were 90.0%. Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections in patients and wound infection and show serious multi-drug resistant,so it is necessary to use drugs reasonably according to the drug susceptibility results.

Objective :To study a simplified method of isolation of rat hepatocytes and to observe the pro-cess of cell morphology in long-term culture. Methods :Rat hepatocytes were isolated by a single two-stepperfusion method. The yield and viability were assessed by trypan blue exclusion. [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) was used to test the effect of serum concentration of newborn calf serum on the proliferation of hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were inoculated in the culture mediumconsisted of Williams' E supplemented with insulin,dexamethasone and 10％ new born calf serum. Themorphologic change of cultured hepatocytes was observed. Results:The average yield of hepatocytes was 2.26× 108 cells per rat, with an average viability of 95.6％. New born calf serum had strong biological activi-ty to stimulate the proliferation of hepatocytes and there was close-effect relationship followed by the in-crease of new born calf serum concentration. The rat hepatocytes can be cultured for 5～ 6 weeks withpreservation of normal morphologic appearance. Conclusion:The rat hepatocytes isolated by the abovemethod have high yields and viability and can be long-term cultured in vitro.

In this work, a fast and efficient microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was developed to extract main bioactive alkaloids from lotus plumue. To optimize MAE conditions, three main factors were selected using univariate approach experiments, and then central composite design (CCD). The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: methanol concentration of 65%, microwave power of 200 W, and extraction time of 260 s. A high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) method was established to quantitatively analyze these phytochemicals in different lotus plumule samples and in different part of lotus. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an Agilent Zorbax Extend-C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 3.5 μm). Gradient elution was applied with the mobile phase constituted with 0.1%triethylamine in water (A) and acetonitrile (B): 40%?70% B at 0?8 min, 70%?100% B at 8–9 min, 100% B for 2 min, and then equilibrated with 40%B for 2 min.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of abnormal multiples of the median (MoM) of second trimester maternal serum triple screening (STMSTS) markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods 16 000 singleton pregnancies at 15+0 to 20+6 weeks' gestation who underwent STMSTS between July 2010 and January 2013 in the First Hospital of Jilin University were recruited.Maternal serum AFP,free β-hCG (F-β-hCG) and unconjugated estriol (uE3) levels were measured using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay,and then convened to MoM.LifeCycle 3.2 software was used to calculate risk,and a risk value greater than 1 in 270 or 1 in 350 was considered as high risk for trisomy 21 syndrome (Down syndrome,DS) and trisomy 18 syndrome (Edwards syndrome,ES),respectively.MoM of AFP more than 2.5was considered high risk for open neural tube defect (ONTD).Amniocentesis and karyotyping,ultrasound screening were advised for high risk women.AFP,F-β-hCG higher than 2.0 MoM or uE3 lower than 0.5MoM was considered as abnormal,respectively.The MoM of STMSTS marker between women with adverse pregnancy outcome and with normal outcome was compared.Results (1) The median MoM of AFP,F-β-hCG and uE3 was 0.91 MoM,0.94 MoM and 1.05 MoM,respectively.Of the 16 000 pregnant women,there was no statistical difference in the median MoM of triple screening marker at different weeks of gestation (P＞0.05).The positive rate of DS,ES and ONTD in women ≤35 years old (n=14 972) was 4.03％ (603/14 972),0.36％(54/14 972) and 0.29％(44/14 972) respectively.And in women＞35 years old(n=1 028),the positive rate was 24.51％ (252/1 028),1.95％ (20/1 028) and 0.78％ (8/1 028),respectively.There was a statistically significant difference of positive rate between the two groups(P＜0.05).(2) 9 cases of DS,1 case of ES and 1 ease of ONTD were found in the high risk group,and 2 cases of DS in the low risk group.The detection rate of DS,ES and ONTD was 9/11,1/1 and 1/1 respectively; and the positive predictive value was 1.05％(9/855),1.35％(1/74) and 1.92％(1/52),respectively.(3)The incidence of adverse outcome (group 1) was 1.49 ％(239/16 000).7 760 pregnant women in this study were healthy during pregnancy,so were their fetuses (group 2).There were significant differences in the age at delivery,body weight and markers' MoM of STMSTS between the two groups(P＜0.01).(4) In group 1,the rate of abnormal MoM of AFP or F-β-hCG was 7.95％(19/239) and 23.85％ (57/239),and the abnormal rate of MoM of uE3 was 4.18％(10/239).The rate of two abnormal MoM of markers was 5.02％(12/239); the rate that all three MoM were abnormal was 0.84％(2/ 239).However,in group 2,the rate of two abnormal MoM of markers was 0.14 ％(11/7 760); and the rate that all three MoM were abnormal was 0.There was a significant difference of abnormal MoM of maternal serum marker between the two groups (P＜0.01).Conclusions There is a relationship between abnormal marker of STMSTS and adverse outcomes.STMSTS show a high value in the detection of DS,ES and ONTD.

Objective To investigate the geometric feature of femoral medullary cavity through CT scanning and it's matching with femoral intramedullary nail,and to analysis the reason for difficulties in implanting distal lock pin.Methods Thirty dried femur specimens were measured through CT scanning,and twenty images were taken evenly according to the total length of shaft of femur from each femur.In each image,the data of the central axis point and eight points around medullary cavity wall in X and Y axes were obtained,which were used to reconstruct the three-dimensional models of medullary cavity,central axis,intramedullary nail by computer software.And the models were overlapped for comparison.Then the coronal and sagittal fold line charts for central axis of medullary cavity were drawn.The inserting process of intramedullary nail was simulated to observe whether the nail would punch out of the medullary cavity wall.Results The central axis of femoral medullary cavity and intramedullary nail were overlapped and compared.They matched well in the coronal plane,but the curves of femoral medullary cavity were larger than those of intramedullary nails in sagittal plane.While simulating the inserting process of intramedullary nail,6 nails punched out of the medullary cavity wall in coronal plane (20％,6/30),so did 13 nails in sagittal plane (43％,13/30).Conclusion Intramedullary nails match well with most of the femoral medullary cavities.However,the anatomic structure of the femoral medullary cavity differs individually.Curves of some femoral medullary cavity are large,which can cause deformation of intramedullary nail,and this is the main reason for the failure of distal locking.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug resistance of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infection for guiding the clinical drug-using.METHODS ATB-Expression analysis system was used for identification of bacteria,extra-susceptibility tests were detected by K-B method.RESULTS Totally 104 E.coli strains were detected,the isolation rate of ESBLs-producing E.coli was 13.5%,the resistant rates of E.coli were up to 70% to ampicillin,piperacillin and Co-trimoxazole,the resistant rate was up to 55% to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin,and the susceptible rate was 100% to imipenem.CONCLUSIONS The E.coli is a main pathogen in community-acquired urinary tract infection,Its drug resistance is extremely severe.To enhance detecting drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is of important significance for guiding the clinical rational drug-using and reducing drug-resistant strains.