Objective To investigate the formaldehyde pollution in a tunnel. Methods The concentration of formaldehyde was determined in rooms for different function,in rooms with different number of furniture,in different position in a tunnel and at different time of using air cleaner in Oct. 2006. Results The total rate of exceed standard of formaldehyde level in the tunnel was 82.9%,the rate of exceed standard in the rooms disposed by all the furniture was 100%,the rate of exceed standard in the front of the tunnel was lowest (63.6%). Using the air cleaner,the rate of exceed standard decreased in degree. Conclusion The main source of formaldehyde pollution in a tunnel is furniture,formaldehyde is the main air pollutant in a tunnel.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on Th1/Th2 cell balance in a rat model of stress-induced gastric ulcer (GU).Methods Twenty-four male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),stress-induced GU group (group GU) and ulinastatin group (group U).The rats were subjected to water-immersion and restraint stress for 3.5 h to establish GU model in S and U groups.At 10 min before water-immersion,normal saline 0.4 ml and ulinastatin 100 000 U/kg were injected via the tail vein in GU and U groups,respectively.After GU model was established,the abdomen was opened after anesthesia.The whole stomach was exposed,and the gastric mucosal damage was evaluated under microscope,ulcer index (UI) was recorded,and the pathological changes of the gastric mucous membrane were observed.Spleen samples were obtained to detect T-bet,Gata-3,interferon-γ (IFN-γ),and interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA expression by RT-PCR.The ratio of T-bet mRNA expression/Gata-3 mRNA expression (T-bet/Gata-3) was calculated.Results Compared with group C,T-bet mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated,Gata-3 mRNA expression was up-regulated,T-bet/Gata-3 ratio was decreased,UI was increased,and no significant changes were found in IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA expression in GU group,and UI was increased,and no significant changes were found in the other parameters in group U.Compared with group GU,the ratio of T-bet/Gata-3 was significantly increased,and UI was decreased,and no significant changes were found in T-bet,Gata-3,IFN-γ,IL-4 mRNA expression in group U.The gastric mucosal damage was significantly mitigated in GU group as compared with group U.Conclusion The mechanism by which ulinastatin mitigates stress-induced GU may be related to correction of Th1/Th2 cell imbalance in rats.

The serum contents of Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn, Ca, Mg, and K in 360 adults from different work in Nanjing were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The data were analysed by grouped statistical treatment, and the relationships among sex, age and work time were discussed. The results showed that serum Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Mn, Pb, Ca, Mg, K differed greatly in the different workers. There was a perfect positive correlations between Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Pb, Mg and age, and a negetive correlations berween Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mg and work time. The serum Cu, Zn, Ca, K in women were higher than that in men.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of propofol and inhalation anesthesia on the incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgeries.

METHODSPubMed, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang data and VIP Database (by October 2012) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing propofol and inhalation anesthesia for their impact on the incidence of early POCD in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgeries. After data extraction and quality evaluation, Stata 12.0 software was used for statistical data analysis.

RESULTSThirteen RCTs, including 2 comparing propofol with xenon, 7 comparing propofol with sevoflurane, and 4 comparing propofol with isoflurane were obtained, involving a total of 753 patients. The odds ratio of early POCD incidence between patients with propofol anesthesia and those with xenon anesthesia, sevoflurane anesthesia, and isoflurane anesthesia were 1.62 (95% CI 0.81-3.23, P=0.533), 0.67 (95% CI 0.39-1.14, P=0.830), and 0.20 (95% CI 0.08-0.50, P=0.925), respectively. Overall, the odds ratio of early POCD incidence between propofol anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia was 0.68 (95% CI 0.47-0.98, P=0.189). Egger's test showed a publication bias of the RCTs retrieved (P=0.011).

CONCLUSIONCompared with inhalation anesthesia, propofol anesthesia is associated with a lower incidence of early POCD in elderly patients, but this conclusion needs to be further verified by more well-designed large-scale RCTs.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Cognition Disorders ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Propofol

We report a case of cutaneous and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei after renal transplantation in Guangdong. A 66-year-old man who had a renal transplantation 6 years ago was admitted in October 2011 for the presence of 16 nodules (0.5-1.5 cm) found on his right middle finger, wrist and forearm for 5 months. Microscopic examination of the purulent exudate showed segmented and branched brown mycelium, and tissue biopsy and PAS staining showed fungal hyphae. The isolate was processed for morphological identification and molecular sequence analysis. A black colony was found after culture of the isolate on SDA at 26 degrees Celsius;, and small culture identified the isolate as Exophiala jeanselmei. ITS sequence analysis of the isolate showed a 100% homology with Exophiala jeanselmei. E-test strip was used in drug sensitivity test, and the isolate was sensitive to amphotericin B, voriconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole, but resistant to 5-flucytosine and caspofungin. Good response was obtained with surgical intervention, local injection and systemic antifungal treatment.
Aged ; Exophiala ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Phaeohyphomycosis ; etiology ; Postoperative Complications

Gastrodia elata is a kind of precious traditional Chinese medicine. In the process of cultivation of G. elata, due to the influence of continuous cropping obstacles and other factors, the fungus materials and land that have been planted with G. elata are often abandoned, resulting in a great waste of resources. Based on the planting characteristics of G. elata and Phallus impudicus and the previous research experience in ecological agriculture, this paper analyzed the ecological adaptability characteristics of G. elata and P. impudicus, and summarized the key techniques of the G. elata-P. impudicus sequential planting pattern. Keeping track of the planting area, fungus-growing materials consumption and market sales of G. elata-P. impudicus sequential planting pattern, the ecological benefits of G. elata-P. impudicus sequential planting pattern from the aspects of utilization rate of fungus-growing materials were analyzed, the value of land resources per unit area, ecological environmental protection, labor cost and economic benefits were consi-dered. The technical principle of G. elata-P. impudicus sequential planting pattern was expounded according to their ecological habit, the season of harvest and planting, the difference of composition of fungus-growing materials, and the microbial ecology. The sequential planting pattern of G. elata-P. impudicus not only realized the double production of medicinal materials and edible fungi, reduced the waste of old fungus-growing materials, but also transformed the energy from nutrition-supplied fungi to edible and medicinal fungi, which guaranteed the ecological recycling and utilization of G. elata in the process of cultivation.
Agaricales/growth & development* ; Agriculture/methods* ; Gastrodia/growth & development* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal/growth & development*

Gastrodia elata is a kind of precious traditional Chinese medicine. In artificial cultivation, it has not got rid of its dependence on forest resources. In order to maintain the balance of the ecological system and reduce the waste of resources as much as possible, based on the information from field investigation at many places, this paper introduced the new ecological circulation planting patterns of G. elata, such as "forest-G. elata" supporting planting, G. elata-edible mushroom rotation, forest-G. elata-edible mushroom three-dimensional planting, fungus material classification planting technology, and so on. In this paper, we expounded the ecological problems solved by several planting patterns in G. elata production and analyzed their shortcomings. Finally, based on the exis-ting models, a complete ecological planting system of G. elata was summarized. This planting system emphasizes: ① The follow-up forests should be started before the planting of G. elata. And the economic forests were used to cultivation of G. elata. ② The classified utilization of fungus-growing materials. The leaves were used to cultivate germination bacteria of G. elata, the small branches were used to cultivate protocorm and juvenile tuber, the large branches were used to cultivate immature tuber, and the tree trunk was used to cultivate mature tuber. ③ Recycle utilization G. elata fungus material. The old fungus materials were used to produce strains or cultivate edible fungus. This design project not only solves the problems of the source of G. elata fungus material, the efficient utilization of fungus material and land resources, but also enriches the industrial structure. Using limited time and land resources to obtain greater economic benefits. It has certain guiding significance for poverty alleviation and ecological improvement.
Agaricales ; Bacteria ; Gastrodia ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Tubers