Objective To establish the infection evaluation indexes in the operating room nursing quality and promote the rapid development of the operating room management and improve nursing quality. Methods Operating room nursing quality infection evaluation standard was prepared on depth study of literature and Delphi method in January 2008 to February 2009, and then chose experts to consult, analyze and revise the results of each round of in-depth expert advice. Results The evaluation indexes of infection nursing quality for operation room including 8 first class indexes, 30 second class items and their weights. Conclusions The newly established evaluation indexes based on Delphi method reflects the changes in the content of nursing process quality for operation room, which can supply as reference for nursing managers.

Objective:To evaluate the characteristics and the treatment of nonunion cases of mandibular fractures. Methods:24 patients with 28 sites of nonunion of mandibular fracture were retrospectively investigated. The involvement came from the group of 1087 cases who were treated from 1990 to 2004 in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Peking University School of Stomatology. The data were recorded and analyzed. Results:The nonunion rate was 2.2% in present study. Furthermore, mental region and mandibular body were the most common sites of nonunion fracture. 11 patients caused by inadequate fixture were treated only by improving fixation and 9 out of 10 patients in whose nonunion was caused by fracture bone defect were treated by bone grafting. On the other hand, 2 out of 3 patients of nonunion caused by bone infection were treated by curetting the inflammation lesion and bone grafting. 23 patients all healed after 3-6 months postoperatively except 1 patient. Conclusion:The incidence of nonunion is lower than those reported by other researchers outside China. Inadequate fixture, fracture bone defect and bone infection are three causes contributing to nonunion of mandibular fractures. The treatment for nonunion includes improving fixture, curetting the inflammation lesion and bone grafting.

The ultrastructure of dissociated brain nerve cells from embryonic chicken cult ivated in vitro was studied both under SEM and TEM. Primitive synaptic junctions among the bipolar and multipolar neuronal cell bodies and its processes forming networks of fibers appeared after 4 days of culture. The presynaptic bags and desmosome-like cell junctions were observed simutaneously. Axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and axo-axonal synapses increased in number after 7 days of incubation onwards. Neuronal degeneration and proliferation of fibrous glial cells were evident in10 and 14 days cultures.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of Midwife Core Competency Scale.Methods A total of 369 midwives from 32 hospitals in Beijing were investigated by using the Midwife Core Competency Scale,and the reliability and validity were measured.Results The scale had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α =0.950) and stability (the test-retest reliability was 0.832).The distribution of 54 items in 6 public factors (the cumulative variance＝68.405％) extracted from them was consistent with the original scale,yielding an acceptable construct validity.The scale also had good validity to discriminate different categories.Conclusions The Midwife Core Competency Scale had good reliability and validity,which provides an useful tool to evaluate midwifes' core competency.Larger sample from different areas need to be considered for scale improvement and application.

To ascertain the change of trunk muscle strength and lumbar curvature and cross sectional area of M. sacrospinalis in low back pain caused by military training, the indexes of trunk muscle strength (PT/BW, TAE, F/E) were measured in patients with low back pain and healthy subjects with CYBEX 6000 isokinetic testing system. The lumbar curvature was measured in lumbar X ray films on the lateral projection in standing position, and the cross sectional area of sacrospinalis was measured by ultrasonography. All of the indexes were compared between the two groups.The results showed PT/BW of flexors was not significantly different between the patients and healthy subjects, TAE of flexors in patients was lower than that of healthy subjects ( P

To elucidate the change in trunk muscle performance in patients with low back pain caused by military training. The indices of trunk muscle strength (PT/BW, TAE, F/E, ER), the cross-sectional area of sacrospinalis, the amplitude and the duration of EMG, and the lumbar curvature were measured in recruits with low back pain after military training (n=40)and healthy subjects(n=40).All of the indices were compared between two groups. It was found that except PT/BW and ER of flexors and cross-sectional area of sacrospinalis, there were significant differences between other indices of the patients compared with healthy subjects(P

Objective\ To observe the practicality of sonography for differentiating the compression factors and judging whether thorough decompression anterior to the dura sac has been obtained. Methods Posterior midline incision was used in a total of 16 cases. After the laminae were resected, normal saline was poured into the operation field, and ultrasound examination performed with a 5.0 MHz sectorscanner. Combined with preoperative imaging (CT or MRI),the compression factors were differentiated. The isolated tissue(bone or disc)pieces in spinal canal were removed first,then reduction of approximate and distal parts of the injuried spinal column was obtained with the help of the Dick devices. Posteriorly protruded bone mass was tumbled in carefully supervised with sonography. The sonographic criterion for thorough decompression consisted of the reappearance of the anterior subarachnoid and an even and smooth echo of posterior dura mater. Results\ The sonographic criterion for thorough decompression was achieved in all cases. No bone mass posterior displacement was observed on postoperative rontgenogram or CT examination. Partial or complete recovery of neural function was obtained in 13 cases. Conclusion\ All elements contributing to anterior dura sac compression can be readily recognized by sonography,which offers a reliable criterion for complete decompression.

0. 05), TAE of flexors in patients were lower than those in the healthysubjects(P 0. 05 ). F/E in patients were greater than those in healthy subjects(P

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Desensitizer Oravive combined Er:YAG laser irradiation on dentin hypersen-sitivity.Methods:240 molars in 86 patients with dentin hypersensitivity were divided into 2 groups(n =1 20).In control group De-sensitizer Oravive was applied to the teeth surface for 30 s;in combination group the teeth surfaces were treated by Er:YAG laser irra-diation for 60 s,and then by Desensitizer oravive for 30 s.Each tooth was treated only once.Pain and pain relief were evaluated by VAS before treatment and immediately,4,8 and 1 2 weeks after treatment.Data were statistically analyzed.Results:Before treat-ment,VAS showed no significant difference between the groups(P >0.05).Both groups exhibited lower VAS after treatment(P <0. 05),VAS values were lower(P <0.05)and the effective rate was higher in the combination group than those in the control group at each treatment stage(P <0.05).Conclusion:Desensitizer Oravive combined with Er:YAG laser is more effective than Desensitizer Oravive in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

AIM: To explore the feasibility of bone tissue regeneration guidance with the frozen heterogeneous periosteum. METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the animal laboratory of Beijing Shijitan Hospital from March to December 2002. ①Preparation of the frozen heterogeneous periosteum: The fresh pigs' cranial or rib bone periosteum was taken and washed with saline solution repeatedly, then defatted by immersion in 0.75 volume fraction alcohol, followed by frozen in the liquor of nitrogen for 10 minutes repeatedly for 3 times. After irradiated under ?-ray up to the amount of 3 kGy, the created membrane was placed in refrigerator for using. ②Surgical procedure: Two artificial mandibular bone defects were performed in 30 adult Japanese white big ear rabbits. One defect was covered with the created membrane as the experimental group, while another as the control group. ③Index observation: The rabbits were sacrificed after 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks postoperatively for macroscopic, radiographic and histopathological observation. RESULTS: All 30 rabbits were involved in the result analysis. ①Macroscopic examination of the two groups: At the eighth week, guiding membrane was observed with irregular border. The experiment group was flat and stiff, while the control group was restored but with soft bone; at the twelfth week, the guiding membrane and surrounding border were unclear, but still could be observed. The newly bone of the experiment group was flat and stiff, while the control group was soft with hollow. ②Histopathological examination: At the eighth week, the new-formed bone in the margin of defect area of the experimental group grew intensively and the inflammatory cells in grafted membrane disappeared; intramembrane fiber was found oedema and broken; at the twelfth week, the trabecular bone of the experimental group was thick and arranged regularly. However, in the control group, the newly formed bone was little in the defect, and the trabecular bone was thinner compared with the experimental group. No evidence of inflammatory reactions was apparent, meanwhile the membrane degraded gradually. ③Radiograph examination: The bone density of the experimental group was greater than the control group at 4 and 8 weeks, and had no significant difference as to the vicinity bone at 12 and 16 weeks; on the other hand, the density of the control group was still lower. CONCLUSION: The frozen heterogeneous periosteum is a useful guiding membrane material for tissue regeneration, because it has no obvious rejection action in body, and could maintain its shape for 8-12 weeks, prevent the fiber tissue from growing into the wound surface, separate different cells and guide tissue regeneration.