The five volumes of Annals of National Medicine in Yunnan contain more than 1040 kinds of ethnic medicines and national medicines experiene that are commonly used by 25 minority nationalities in Yunnan.Among them,there are 147 species of toxic drugs,including five with fatal toxicity,14 with strong toxicity,57 with toxicity,and 71 with mild toxicity.In order to guarantee the validity and safety of national drug use,Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica applied modern science and technology to study the safety,efficacy and pharmacognosy of 30 kinds of commonly used toxic folk drugs contained in Annals of National Medicine in Yunnan.This paper chooses five typical national medicinal herbs Stephania delavayi,Euphorbia neriifolia,Alocasia cucullata,Achillea wilsoniana and Chamaenerion angustifolium,and summarizes their national medicinal and toxicity experience.The results of acute toxicity test showed that the five national medicinal herbs are toxic.The pharmacodynamic experiments showed that S.delavayi has analgesic action,E.neriifolia has anti-inflammatory action,A.cucullata has analgesic and antitussive effects,Ach.wilsoniana has analgesic effect,and C.angustifolium has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

One of the primary purposes of the innovative development of ethnomedicines is to use their excellent safety and significant efficacy to serve a broader population.To achieve this purpose,modern scientific and technological means should be referenced,and relevant national laws and regulations as well as technical guides should be strictly followed to develop standards and to perform systemic research in producing ethnomedicines.Finally,ethnomedicines,which are applied to a limited extent in ethnic areas,can be transformed into safe,effective,and quality-controllable medical products to relieve the pain of more patients.The innovative development path of ethnomedicines includes the following three primary stages:resource study,standardized development research,and industrialization of the achievements and efforts for internationalization.The implementation of this path is always guaranteed by the research and development platform and the talent team.This article is based on the accumulation of long-term practice and is combined with the relevant disciplines,laws and regulations,and technical guidance from the research and development of ethnomedicines.The intention is to perform an in-depth analysis and explanation of the major research thinking,methods,contents,and technical paths involved in all stages of the innovative development path of ethnomedicines to provide useful references for the development of proper ethnomedicine use.

Innovative development extends the vitality of ethnomedicines.Developing ethnomedicines is not only beneficial to the public but also to the related industry and transforms economic growth,driving local social and economic development further.Its economic benefit can be used to optimize and promote the hardware and software of the platform,as well as support the sustainable development of ethnomedicines.Apart from research and discussion on the innovative development of ethnomedicines on the basis of theory and regulations,this series of articles also summarizes cases that are conducive to the overall understanding of the necessity and feasibility of the innovative development.In terms of industrial development,large enterprises and products,such as Yunnan Baiyao,Guizhou Miao ethnomedicines,Cheezheng Tibetan Medicine,products developed from Dengzhanhua (Erigeron breviscapus),the Gold series of Yi ethnomedicines,and products developed from Sanqi (Panax notoginseng),in China are introduced and summarized,focusing on resource superiority,sustainable innovation,standard research and development,and production,as well as intellectual property protection.