Objective Based on recent personal experience, we presented a detailed description on how to perform orthotopic liver transplantation in rat with two-cuff technique, including many improvements to the original technique, to facilitate the beginners to acquire this model. Methods 136 male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, i.e. donor group and recipient group. On the basis of Kamada's cuff technique, some modifications were made. The donor liver was first perfused through the abdominal aorta with cold Ringer-lactate solution and then harvested. After removal of the recipient liver, the liver graft was then placed orthotopically in the abdomen. The donor suprahepatic vena cava was anastomosed end-to-end with the recipient suprahepatic vena cava, using a 7-0 running suture. The continuity of infrahepatic vena cava and portal vein was accomplished by cuff technique. The end-to-end bile duct anastomosis was performed by tying the two ducts over a tube stent, with fixation both sides. Recipient survival rate and causes of death were observed after the transplantation. Results The time for liver procurement, graft preparation, anhepatic phase, and bile duct reconstruction were 23-35 minutes, 8-13 minutes, 16-19 minutes, and 2-3 minutes, respectively. 48-hour and one-week survival rate of recipients was 95.5% and 89.7%, respectively. Main cause for death within 48 hours after operation was bleeding. Biliary tract obstruction, bile leakage, and liver lobe necrosis were the main causes for mortality after one week. Conclusion The results show that the modified model is highly reproducible, and it provides a stable and practical experimental model for the basic study on liver transplantation.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of ethyl docosahexaenoate on brain oxidative injury and edema induced by cerebral ischemic/reperfusion in gerbils. Methods The gerbils were subjected to both common carotid arteries occlusion. The contents of MDA and GSH, the activities of GSH-PX, CAT, SOD and ATPase, the water content and the concentrations of Na + and Ca 2+ were measured. Histopathological examination was also done. Results The pretreatment with E-DHA significantly prevented the raise of MDA level, the decline of GSH content, the activities of GSH-Px, CAT, ATPase and the increases of Ca 2+, Na + and water content. Conclusion E-DHA has protective effect on brain ischemic injury and edema, which may be due to an inhibitory action on hydroxyl radical formation and brain edema.

Purpose To analyze clinicopathologic and prognostic features in 9 cases of children endocapillary proliferative glomerulone-phritis with hepatitis B virus antigen deposition ( HBV-ECPGN) . Methods Retrospective analysis of demographic information, clini-cal manifestations, laboratory parameters, pathological and prognostic features was carried out for 9 cases of HBV-ECPGN and 13 cases of acute poststreptococcal infection endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis ( APS-ECPGN) for comparison. Renal biopsy tissue were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin, stained with HE, PAS and PAM-Masson. Immunohistochemical study with EliVision method was performed. Three cases were submitted for electron microscopy. Results There were 7 males and 2 females ( M ∶ F=7 ∶ 2) of HBV-ECPGN. The median age was 10. 3 years. Serum C4 deposition ratio HBV-ECPGN was significantly greater than APS-ECPGN group (P<0. 05). There was an average of 11. 2 weeks of HBV-ECPGN kidney disease duration, which was significantly lon-ger than an average of 3. 8 weeks of APS-ECPGN group (P<0. 05). There was no disease relapse in all cases during 53. 55 months follow-up. C4d deposit was significantly stronger in all HBV-ECPGN cases compared with control group (APS-ECPGN cases). There were no significant differences in deposit of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3d and C1q between the two groups. HBsAg deposit in juxtaglomerular sites was identified in all cases. Conclusions Serum C4 decrease is more common in HBV-ECPGN than APS-ECPGN. Which may be associated with HBV infection, there is longer disease duration of HBV-ECPGN. C4d deposit is significantly stronger than control group, suggesting pathogenesis of HBV-ECPGN and APS-ECPGN is different. HBsAg deposit may be closely related to the pathogene-sis of HBV-ECPGN. HBsAg deposit in juxtaglomerular sites may be characteristic of HBV-ECPGN.

This paper analyzed the exogenous and endogenous resource elements in a view of their supportive effect on the construction and development of clinical disciplines,proposed the relationship between two resources elements and development of clinical disciplines,,and provided references to the construction of clinical disciplines by elaborating the specific content and focus of these elements.

Objective To improve the reliability and accuracy of WBC counting in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ,this article is stud-ying the improved method of WBC counting in CSF by finding out the optimum percentage of CSF specimen with the most suitable concentration of acetic acid .Methods CSF specimen was mixed with different acetic acid at different ratio respectively .WBC counts were performed in 5 minutes on diluted samples of various concentrations .A series of 20 CSF specimens were analyzed via the proposed assay and conventional method .The average value and coefficient of variation (CV) of WBC count of each sample were c compared and analyzed .Results The optimum percentage of CSF sample was obtained at 60∶40 ratio .In this percentage , the maximal WBC count (189/μL) was obtained compared that of conventional method (161/μL) .Moreover ,the CV of the WBC counts in this percentage (7% ) was also lower than that of the conventional method (18% ) .Conclusion The reliability and accur-ancy of WBC counting in CSF was the optimum percentage of CSF specimen and 5% acetic acid was 60 :40 .It may lead to a more reliable ,accurate and standard way of WBC counts in CSF .

Objective To investigate the expression of IL-23 and IL-23 mRNA in allograft and peripheral blood of mice receiving skin transplantation under different immune states. Methods Mice skin allograft models were established and divided into 3 groups: synergeneic transplant group (BALB/c→BALB/c), allogeneic transplant group (C57BL/6→BALB/c), donor spleen cells infusion group (C57BL/6→BALB/c). Peripheral blood plasma concentration of IL-23 was measured by ELISA. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of IL-23 mRNA in the skin allograft. Results There was no significant difference in the IL-23 and IL-23 mRNA expression among all three groups one day after skin transplantation (P＞0. 05). On the day 3, 5, and 7 after skin transplantation, there was significant difference in the IL-23 and IL-23 mRNA expression levels between synergeneic transplant group, donor spleen cells infusion group and allogeneic transplant group (P ＜ 0. 01 ), but there was no significant difference between synergeneic transplant group and donor spleen cells infusion group (P＞0. 05). Conclusion The high expression levels of IL-23 and IL-23 mRNA were detected when early acute rejection took place in recipient mice. IL-23 could serve as a predictable and prognostic marker for the acute rejection. Infusion of donor spleen cells can significantly prolong the allograft survival.

It was recently shown that several new synthetic 2-alkylsulfanyl-6-benzyl-3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-4(3H)-one (S-DABO) derivatives demonstrated anti-HIV-1 activity. Three of the derivatives namely RZK-4, RZK-5 and RZK-6 were used in this study to explore their inhibitory effects on a variety of HIV strains. These compounds at a concentration of 200 microg mL(-1) almost completely inhibited the activity of recombinant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. All of the three compounds reduced replication of HIV-1 laboratory-derived strains, low-passage clinical isolated strain, and the drug resistant strain. In particular RZK-6 showed potent activity against the HIV-1 drug resistant strain. In general, the antiviral activities are similar in magnitude to nevirapine (NVP), which is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved by FDA. The therapeutic indexes of these compounds were remarkable, ranging from 3704 to 38462 indicating extremely low cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the three S-DABO derivatives in this study have good potential for further development in anti-HIV-1 therapy. It may be particularly useful to target at the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistant HIV-1 strain.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and security of splenic artery ligation for severe hypersplenism during liver transplantation.Method Thirty-two liver transplant patients with preoperative hypersplenism were selected,including 17 cases (ligation group) treated by splenic artery ligation during liver transplantation,and rest 15 patients as non-ligation group.The fluctuation of white blood cells,platelets and volume of spleen were compared between these two groups.At the same time,splenic infarction,postoperative infection,recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding,splenic artery steal syndrome and other complications were observed in these two groups.Result All recipients were followed up for over 6 months.One recipient in ligation group died of multiple organ dysfunction caused by delayed recovery of liver donor with the survival rate being 94.1％ (16/17).The survival rate in non-ligation group was 93.3 ％ (14/15) (one recipient died of respiratory failure caused by pulmonary infection).There was no statistically significant difference in survival rate between these two groups (P＞0.05).Splenic necrosis wasn't detected in the ligation group.The splenic volume in ligation group was significantly less than that in non-ligation group (P＜0.01).The products of splenic maximum length and wide diameter shrunk 33.17-± 8.26 cm2 and 22.47 ± 7.25 cm2 in ligation group and non-ligation group,respectively.The platelet counts of ligation group were significantly greater than those of non-ligation group in all the observation points within 6 postoperative months (P＜0.01).The white blood cell counts of ligation group were greater than those of non-ligation group at the first week postoperatively (P＜0.01),whereas,there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups from then on (P＞0.05).The infection incidence of ligation group was lower than that of non-ligation group within 6 postoperative months (P ＜0.05).Statistically significant differences in recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and splenic artery steal syndrome weren't found between these two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Splenic artery ligation in liver transplantation is safe and effective.It can rapidly increase the counts of platelet and white blood cell in the earlier postoperative time,which is beneficial to patient's recovery.Besides,it adds no correlative complication.

The paper introduced the exploration made by Shanghai SongJiang District in its compensation mechanism for public hospitals and community health centers.This attempt aimed at increasing government financial support,identifying public health needs in the development of public medical institutions,developing the compensatory measures to fit the task completed,and the service provided and individual items.It took such factors as the present personnel,workload,population and area taken into account.All these are designed to make the mechanism more appropriate and fair.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAPA) after liver transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 4 patients who had HAPA after liver transplantation at the No.309 Hospital of PLA from April 2002 to April 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.All the 4 patients had abdominal massive hemorrhage,and 2 of them were complicated by bile leakage and bile duct bleeding.Peritoneal effusion was observed in the 4 patients,and 3 of them were complicated by peritoneal infection.All the patients were diagnosed and treated by angiography and exploratory laparotomy.Results The mean time of hemorrhage of ruptured HAPA was 24.6 days (range,14-35 days).One of the patients was diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy,and the other 3 patients were diagnosed by angiography.Hemostasis of HAPA was successed in 1 patient by hepatic artery ligation,2 patients by interventional embolization + endovascular covered coronary stent grafts implantation guided by digital subtraction angiography (DSA),1 patient by interventional embolization.1 patients died of hepatic failure and 1 died of multiple organ disfunction syndrome.Conclusions Early diagnosis of HAPA after liver transplantation is difficult and the mortality is high.Interventional embolization + endovascular covered coronary stent grafts implantation guided by DSA is the first choice for the diagnosis and treatment of HAPA.