Research and industrial application of bioenergy have developed quickly with the systematic and multifocal trends in recent years. The 4th International Conference on Biomass Energy Technologies-8th World Bioenergy Symposium (ICBT-WBS 2014) and Joint Biomass Energy Symposium of Chinese Renewable Energy Society (CRES) were held in Changsha, China, 17-19 October, 2014, with American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), Biomass Energy Innovation Alliance, European Biomass Industry Association, AIChE and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This special issue on bioenergy is based on selected excellent papers from the submissions, together with free submissions. The special issue consists of reviews and original papers, mainly involving the aspects closely related to the bioenergy and related fields, including resource analyses, pretreatment, fuel/chemicals production, byproduct disposal and strategy investigation.
Biomass ; China ; Congresses as Topic ; Renewable Energy

BACKGROUND:Peptide hydrogel has good plasticity, and it can fil the injured site very wel; therefore, to use this material as a scaffold is a feasible exploration in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To test the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels combined with injectable peptide hydrogel and chondrogenic factors for repair of articular cartilage defects in rabbits. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels from rabbits were isolated and cultured. A ful-thickness bone-cartilage defect model, 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth, was made on the left knee joint of rabbits, and the right knee joint of rabbits with no treatment was used as control after modeling. There were three experimental groups: self-assembling peptide hydrogel group, peptide hydrogel+chondrogenic factors group, and peptide hydrogel+chondrogenic factors+bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels group. Transforming growth factor β1, dexamethasone and insulin-like growth factor 1 were mixed as chondrogenic factors and added into self-assembling peptide hydrogel or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. Twelve weeks after treatment, animals were sacrificed for gross and histological observation, X-ray radiography, and histological evaluation using immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 12 weeks after treatment, the self-assembling peptide hydrogel group showed excelent results in the cartilage repair, and better achievements in safranin-O staining, colagen II immunostaining, and histological scores than the other groups (P < 0.05); the peptide hydrogel+chondrogenic factors group had better repair effects similar to the self-assembling peptide hydrogel group, but the expression of proteoglycans was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01); there were poorer repair effects and more osteophytes in the peptide hydrogel+chondrogenic factors+bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels group than the the peptide hydrogel+ chondrogenic factors group. Experimental findings indicate that the self-assembling peptide hydrogel can repair cartilage defectsin situ and improve cartilage repair, which is expected to improve current repairing effects on cartilage defects.

BACKGROUND:With the development of genetic engineering and tumor molecular biology, gene therapy has acted as a new treatment mode for tumors. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of gene silencing ABCE1 on growth, proliferation and migration of human cervical cancer cel s XB1702. METHODS:siRNA sequences of ABCE1 were designed and synthesized to transfect XB1702 cel s using LipofectamineTM 2000. Cel s transfected with NC siRNA carrier served as controls, and untransfected cel s acted as blank group. After RNA interference, the expression of ABCE1 mRNA and protein was detected by western blod assay;cel cycle was detected using flow cytometry;cel counting kit-8 test, scratch healing assay and cel invasion assay were used to evaluate the effects of ABCE1 silence gene on XB1702 cel proliferation, migration and invasion ability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:ABCE1 mRNA and protein expression in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group and blank group (P<0.05). Growth rate in the experimental group was significantly slowed, cel s were arrested in G 0/G 1 phase, and the number of S-phase cel s was reduced. Compared with the control group and blank group, XB1702 cel proliferation was inhibited significantly in the experimental group, and cel migration and invasion was significantly decreased (P<0.05). These results showed that specific interference with gene expression of ABCE1 can inhibit the migration of human cervical cancer cel s XB1702, and restrain tumor cel proliferation;therefore, the siRNA sequence of ABCE1 may be an effective target for treatment of cervical cancer.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of aspirin combined clopidogrel on unstable angina pectoris (UAP) .Methods :A total of 396 UAP patients hospitalized in our hospital from Jun 2010 to Aug 2013 were en-rolled ,randomly and equally divided into combined medication group (received combined therapy of aspirin and clo-pidogrel based on routine treatment ) and aspirin group (only received aspirin based on routine treatment ) according to number table method .Attack frequency and duration of angina pectoris ,and clinical therapeutic effect were ob-served and compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results:Compared with before treatment , there were significant reductions in attack frequency [combined medication group :(4.1 ± 1.2) times/d vs .(1.8 ± 0.6) times/d ,aspirin group :(4.0 ± 1.4) times/d vs .(2.5 ± 3.1) times/d ,P<0.05 or <0.01] and duration of an-gina pectoris [combined medication group : (23.2 ± 4.7) min vs .(3.3 ± 2.6) min ,aspirin group : (24.9 ± 2.4) min vs .(7.3 ± 1.6) min , P<0.01 both] in both groups after treatment ;compared with aspirin group after treat-ment ,there were more significant reductions in attack frequency and duration of angina pectoris in combined medi-cation group ( t = 5.36 ,6.03 respectively , P< 0.05 both );total effective rate of combined medication group (98.48% ) was significantly higher than that of aspirin group (85.35% ) ,χ2 =22.98 , P=0.002 .Conclusion:Com-bined therapy of aspirin and clopidogrel possesses more significant therapeutic effect on patients with unstable angina pectoris , and it is safe ,which worth extending and application in clinic .

With the development of surgical techniques in dental implantation, traditional teaching methods can not keep pace with the developing teaching situations.To resolve this problem,the live television technique has been applied in the teaching of dental implant surgery.The practice of live television technique not only stimulates students' learning interests,but also turns the passive education model into an interactive model with better teaching results.

By analyzing the scope and demands of mental health service in general hospitals, the authors point out that at present domestic general hospitals are confronted with such problems as insufficiency of resources for mental health service, low recognition rate of dysphrenia, and lack of systematic consultations and liaison in psychiatric work. Then they put forward a number of measures for improving mental health service in general hospitals: ①establishing a department of psychiatry in each general hospital; ②widely conducting consultations so as to maintain a strong liaisom in psychiatric work; ③genuinely achieving the transformation of the medical mode; ④strengthening education in psychological medicine and the spread of popular science so as to broaden the channel and coverage of mental health service and meet the needs of reform and development of the health cause in the contemporary era.

Dental Implantation ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy on fibromyalgia syndrome treated with acupuncture at the acupoints selected from the affected meridians based on the location differentiation and the heavy moxibustion at painful points by the randomized controlled trial with medication.

METHODSThirty-two patients of fibromyalgia were randomized into an acupuncture-moxihustion group and a medication group, 16 cases in each one. In the acupuncture-moxibustion group, acupuncture at the acupoints selected from the affected meridians based on the location differentiation and the heavy moxibustion at painful points were applied, once every two days, three times a week, for 4 weeks totally. In the medication group, tramadol sustained release tablets and amitriptyline were prescribed for oral administration, once a day, for 4 weeks. The follow-up visit was conducted for 4 weeks in the two groups. Before and after treatment and in follow-up visit, the revised version of the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQR) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were adopted for assessment and comparison of the efficacy between the two groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment and in follow-up visit, FIQR score and VAS score were improved apparently as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all P<0. 05). At the end of treatment, the differences were not significant statistically between the two groups (all P>0. 05). But the differences were significant in follow-up visit (all P<0. 05). The scores in the acupuncture-moxibustion group were improved persistently, but those in the medication group were rebound.

CONCLUSIONThe acupuncture at the acupoints selected from the affected meridians based on the location differentiation and the heavy moxibustion at painful points are safe and effective in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome and present the better persistent effect as compared with the combined medication of tramadol sustained release tablets and amitriptyline.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Fibromyalgia ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Pain Measurement ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of microminiature water halloon combined with misoprostol per rectum for delivery of full-term pregnancy. Methods 305 full-term pregnant women with planned delivery were divided into three groups at random.The observation group (n=99) was given microminiature water balloon combined with misoprostol per rectum.The first control group (n=96) was only given misoprostol per rectum. The second control group (n=110) was given 0.5% oxytocin in a continuous infusion.Their results were taken a com-parative study,including the cervical ripening,dilivery process,delivery ways and the condition of the newbom. Results The observation group was better than other groups for cervical ripening(P<0.00).Tune from induction to the onset of regular contraction activity of the uterus in the observation group was significantly shorter than other groups (P<0.00).The rates of cesarean section and the total stage of lahor between the observation and the first control group were not statistically significant(P>0.05),but they were significantly different from the second con-trol group.There were no significant differences among the groups in neonatal asphyxia and amount of postpartum blood loss. Conclusions The efficiency of microminiature water balloon combined with misoprostol per rectum for delivery of full-tarm pregnancy was better than other groups.It has a short delivery process and shows no side effects on both mother and fetus,which is worthy of popularizing in obstetrics.

BACKGROUND:At present, there are no studies of comparing the effect of silk fibroins from different sources in repair of osteochondral defects. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect of mulberry silk- and tussah-derived silk fibroin scaffold materials in repair of osteochondral defect. METHODS:Totaly 20 New Zealand white rabbits were obtained to prepare osteochondral defect models on the unilateral knee joint and randomly divided into five groups: control group, experimental group 1, experimental group 2, experimental group 3 and experimental group 4. Rabbits in the control group were not implanted any materials. In the experimental group 1, 3 layers of mulberry silk protein scaffolds stuck together to fil in defects. In the experimental group 2, one mulberry silk protein scaffold coated with transforming growth factor-β3 was stuck with two mulberry silk protein scaffolds coated with bone morphogenetic protein-2 to fil in defects. In the experimental group 3, three layers of tussah protein scaffolds stuck together to fil in defects. In the experimental group 4, one tussah protein scaffold coated with transforming growth factor-β3 stuck together with two tussah protein scaffolds coated with bone morphogenetic protein-2 to fil in defects. At 8 weeks post surgery, articular cartilage repair area was observed histopathologicaly. Type I and II colagen expressions were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The colagen fibers in experimental group 1 were widely distributed in the ful-thickness defect area. The colagen fibers in the experimental group 2 were paralely distributed on the surface of repair area, verticaly distributed from the middle and bottom to the top direction. Colagen was observed on the surface of repair area in the experimental group 3. The cartilage-like cels presented clumped distribution on the surface and at the bottom of scaffold. The type I colagen expression in the repair area was strongly positive in these four experimental groups. The type II colagen expression in the repair area of experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups was weak. The type II colagen expression in the repair area of experimental 3 and experimental 4 groups was strongly positive. These results demonstrate that these two kinds of silk fibroins can both repair osteochondral defects, in which mulberry silk proteins tend to form bone tissue, and tussah silk proteins tend to form cartilage tissue.