BACKGROUND:There are neuronal precursors in subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rat. The precursors migrate to olfactory bulb along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and differentiate into local interneurons of olfactory bulb. But whether cutting the RMS would affect the migration of subventricular precursors is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of cutting the olfactory peduncle on migration of subventricular zone cells in adult rat.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: College of Life Sciences, Univesity of Science and Technology of China; Staff Room of Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical College MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Animal Experimental Center , Xuzhou Medical College from September 1997 to January 1999.Totally 25 male adult SD rats were recruited and randomly divided into olfactory peduncle-cutting 30 days group (n=10) and olfactory peduncle-cutting 60 days group(n=15, in which 5 rats were used for immonohisto chemistry).METHODS: 30 days and 60 days after being cutting olfactory peduncle,the rats were put to death by perfusion for fixation. Consecutive paraffin sections of brain were made. Cellular density and cross section area of RMS were measured. Quantitative analysis of cells in the RMS was performed with immunohistochemical method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The cellular density and cross section area of RMS, the expression of polysialylated neuronal cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM)RESULTS: Totally 25 SD rats were recruited. Died for operation and been failure for cutting the olfactory peduncle, so altogether 13 rats used for analysis, 5 rats in 30days group and 8 rats in 60 days group (among that, 3 used for immunohistochemistry). ① Morphologyand quantitative change of RMS after cutting olfactory peduncle: The Nissl stained RMS cells were distinguished from adjacent tissue by the characterization of darken stained and dense distribution. There is little condensed nuclear or fragment nuclear. Cellular density at the operation side in the olfactory peduncle -cutting 30 days group and olfactory peduncle -cutting 60 days group was higher than that in the control side (P ＜ 0.01). Relative cellular density of RMS at surgical plane of operation side in the olfactory peduncle -cutting 60 days group was higher than that in the olfactory peduncle -cutting 30 days group(P ＜ 0.01 ). The cross section area of operation side in the two groups was both larger than that of the control side (P ＜ 0.01). There was no difference of cross section area between olfactory peduncle -cutting 60 days group and olfactory peduncle -cutting 30days group (P ＞ 0.05). ②Immunohistochemical reaction of RMS after cutting alfactory peduncle operation: 60 days after cutting olfactory peduncle, the accumulated cells in RMS were positive to polysialylated neuronal cell adhesion molecule.CONCLUSION: Cutting the olfactory peduncle results in the accumulation of neuronal precursors of RMS and increases the differentiation of migrating neuronal precursors.

Purpose　The aim is to study the pharmacokinetic of iv thymopeptide in rabbit.Method　Thymopeptide concentration of rabbit plasma was determined by HPLC and pharmacokinetic parameters were computerized with 3P87 program.Results and Conclusions　The pharmacokinetic parameters of iv thymopeptide in rabbit were:Cmax=(30.06±9.27)μg/ml,t1/2(β)=(29.24±23.78)min, Ke=(0.032 3±0.013 8)min-1 and AUC 0→∞=(205.63±46.48)μg*min/ml.

Objective　The cells of subventricular zone in lateral wall of lateral ventricle of adult rats were localized. Method　Immunohistochemistry. Results　Polysialylated neuronal cell adhesion molecule and phosphotyrosine immunoreactive cells were found in subventricular zone, and they have same distributions, however, no any parvalbulin immunoreactive cells were found in subventricular zone. Conclusion　neuronal precursor cells in subventricular and expression of phosphotyrosine are associated with proliferation of neuronal precursor cells in subventricular zone.

In order to investigate the chemical and morphornetrical properties of the neuronal precursor cells derived from thesubventricular zone(SVZ) of the postnatal rat forebrain in vitro. The cell-type specific antibodies were used for the immunocy-tochemical staining ,and the morphometric parameters which were the mean soma diameter and the ellipticity index (i. e. , thesmallest soma diameter divided by the largest soma diameter) of every SVZ-derived cell were measured for identifying the pheno-types of the SVZ cells in vitro. The experiment animals were SD rats (weights: 100～ 150 g), the SVZ cells derived from thepostnatal rats were cultured on poly-D-lysine-coated 24-well glass chamber slides in the Neurobasal Medium supplemented withB27 in 5% CO2 at 37 C. The following results were obtained.. At 1 day in vitro, almost all SVZ cells (〉90%) from the postna-tal rat forebrain expressed Tujl, an antibody that recognizes neuron-specific tubulin. Likewise, the preponderance of the SVZcells expressed the polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-N-CAM) ; The majority of the SVZ Tujl-positive cells cul-tured were the cells that had oval-shaped bodies with two short, unbranched processes protruded from every two poles, theirmean soma diameter were 8.42±1.03μm and their ellipticity index were 0.57±0.12. Meanwhile, there were approximately20% of the SVZ cells in culture that were sphere-shaped cells with mean soma diameter 7.20±l.04 μm , and it might be observed that these cells connected with one another. As the time in culture went on, these sphere-shaped SVZ-derived cells alsotransformed to oval-shaped ones as described above, but it could be observed that the cells were still connected in the processesof them. By 3 and 5 days in culture, the SVZ cells had larger cell somas (average diameter 9. 07±1.07 μm), and often consider-ably longer processes but still with few branches. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that the majority of the SVZ cells in cul-ture remained Tujl-positive, PSA-N-CAM-positive. By 7 days in culture, the Tujl-positive cells in culture showed remarkablemorphological changes, and possessed typical neuronal phenotypes, which had more larger cell somas (average diameter 12.8 ±1.13 μm), and had more longer, branched processes. Our results showed that the SVZ in the postnatal SD rats contained theneuronal precursor cells which were PSA-N-CAM-positive and could differentiate into new neurons in vitro.

Objective To summarize the clincal effect of open reduction and internal fixation with locking-proximal-humerus-plate(LPHP)to treat proximal humeral fractures.Methods A total of 19 eases with proximal humeral fractures were treated with LPHP from August 2003 to February 2006 in this study.Their mean age was 58.6 years old.According to Neer classification,two cases were with two- part fractures,nine with three-part fractures and eight with four-part fractures including seven cases with osteoporosis.Redaction and fixation was done via deltopeetoral-groove approach.Bone graft was applied for five eases.Results The follow-up period was 3 to 32 months(mean 17 months).All cases were healed and the union period of 3-5 months.According to the Near shoulder score,the results showed that ten cases were excellent,6 cases good,with excellent rate of 84%.Conclusion The LPHP method is suitable for osteoporosis and comminuted proximal humeral fractures and enhances the treatment effect.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of levofloxacin by PVC membrane selective electrode. METHODS: A glass electrode coated with levofloxacin PVC membrane was prepared for the first time with the molecular complex of levofloxacin iodide and bismuth iodide as electric active material, and a series study was performed on its responsibility. RESULTS: The electrode gave Nernst response to levofloxacin over the concentration range of 5.0?10-3～1.0?10-5 moL?L-1 with a slope rate of 56.5mV?pC-1, a suitable pH of 2.5～4.0, and an average recovery rate of 98.31%～101.6%(2.80%～4.90%). CONCLUSION: The electrode was simple in operation, and it has a rapid response and good reproducibility, and it is applicable for the quantitative determination of levofloxacin.

Human interleukin-15 (hIL-15) is an important cytokine to activate endothelial cells and can be regulated by many other cytokines. The aim of this study is to examine the ability of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to induce the production of human interleukin-15 (hIL-15) and IL-15 receptor (IL-15Ralpha) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The data are summarized as follows: 1. Northern blot revealed that IL-15 mRNA was up-regulated by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. 2. Intracellular IL-15 protein was visualized by fluorescence microscopy, whereas the expression of IL-15 on the surface of HUVECs was detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and no detectable IL-15 in the medium was verified by ELISA. 3. IL-15Ralpha was detected on the surface of HUVECs by FACS after IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulation, whereas Western blotting revealed that the elevated expression on surface IL-15Ralpha was not due to the increased protein expression. The conclusion demonstrated from our results is that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha play an important role in regulating the expression of IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha on the surface of HUVECs.

Objective To investigate the functional changes of dendritic cells (DC) in elderly patients with sepsis. Method Elderly patients (n = 20), ages 75 to 86 years, treated in the department of internal medicine for cadres and the medical intensive care unit (MICU), were selected to participate in the study. Patients with ma-ligoant tumors, hematological diseases, immune diseases, or a history of receiving drugs known to interfere with immune functions were excluded. Using the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine (ACCP/SCCM) definition of sepsis, the patients were categorized into four groups: non-sepsis (group A) (n = 5) ; sepsis (group B) (n = 5) ; severe sepsis (group C) (n = 5) ; and septic shock (group D) (n = 5). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of each patient were isolated and cultured with human re-combinant granuloceyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in vitro for 10 days. The cells were examined under an inverted microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. The MTT colorimetric assay was used to observe the abilities of the dendritic cells to stimulale an allogeneic T lym-phocyte response in vitro. Paired t -test was used to compare changes in the surface markers among the different groups, Results The PBMCs in the four groups of patients differentiated into cells with typical dendritic configura-tions after in vitro cuhure with combined cytokines. The CD40, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR expressions on the cell surfaces increased after culture,with (43.2±12.5)%/(27.3±9.3)%, (31.4 ± 10.1)%/(22.5 ± 8.7)%, (39.3±15.7)%/(21.9±7.7)%, and (75.4±25.6)%/(58.7±16.7)%, respectively. The stimulation index (the abilities of the dendritic cells to stimulale the allogeneic T lymphocyte response in vitro) in the four groups of patients after culture were (23.3±7.9) in group A, (18.9±8.3) in group B,(11.4±5.1) in Group C,and (5.5 ± 3.7) in Group D. Conclusions The immune functions of the dendritic cells of elderly patients with sepsis decrease in a linear manner with the severity of their septic state.

Objective A comparison of the quality of life and present status of happiness between AIDS patients in Provinces A and B helps to analyze the impact of the prevention and control mechanism on choice of the AIDS patient care mode.Methods The quality of the life questionnaire designed by WHO for AIDS patients and the Subjective Well-being questionnaire from the Memorial University of Newfoundland were called into play to describe the quality of life and present subjective wellbeing of 93 and 57 AIDS patients respectively from Province A and Province B;these patients were interviewed to understand the systematic arrangements of AIDS control in the two provinces and their AIDS patient care models.Results Differences found in the scores of the total quality of life and subjective wellbeing between the two provinces are significant statistically (P＜0.05);differences found in the scores of respective dimensions of quality of life,except for social relations,are significant statistically (P＜0.05).Results of interview found that the prevention and control mechanism of Province A feature a combination of medical administration and disease control departments,management by level of city,county,township and village.The care mode is characteristic of that centering on village doctors.The patient care mechanism in Province B features sectionalized management,and its model is characteristic of that centering on local CDC aided by infectious disease hospitals.Conclusion Establishment of the AIDS prevention and control mechanism should take into account features of local resources,and different regions should provide care models to fit the needs of local AIDS patients.

Aim Toexplorethemechanismofupregu-lation of osteopontin ( OPN ) expression induced by high glucose in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2cells).Methods Afterstimulationwithhigh-glucose (25 mmol·L-1 ) culture medium, HK-2 cells were then treated with the specific inhibitors or siRNA to inhibit the activity of PI3K and/or mTOR. Subse-quently, Real-time PCR was used to investigate the mRNA level of OPN, and Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of OPN, p-AKT, p-S6,RaptorandRictor.Results Theexpressionlevel of OPN was increased in a time-dependent manner in HK-2 cells followed by high-glucose stimulation. The mRNA level of OPN peaked at 48 h; while the protein expression of OPN reached the highest level at 72h. Meanwhile, high glucose activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of the PI3 K/AKT/mTOR pathway by LY294002 and/or rapa-mycin led to significant down-regulation of OPN. Addi-tionally, the treatment with Raptor siRNA, but not Rictor siRNA resulted in reduction of OPN expression. Conclusion Highglucoseincreasestheexpressionof OPN through the activation of PI3 K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway in HK-2 cells.