No abstract available.
Defense Mechanisms*

The purpose of this study was to explore the differentiation of common personality profiles and defense mechanisms between medicine and surgery resident groups. The authors evaluated the defense mechanisms of the residents by using Ewha Defense Mechanisms Test. The authors compared the defense mechanisms between two groups (medicine and surgery resident groups) who were training at SoonChunHyang University hospital in 1999. First, There were significant differences in mean scores of the defense mechanisms ratings. For the surgery group, identification and show-off were significantly higher than in the medicine group. Secondly, the differences of defense mechanism ratings, which were divided by maturity level between the two groups, were significantly higher using neurotic defense of the surgery group. Thirdly, the authors compared the frequency of major defense mechanisms of the two groups. The surgery group used identification, show-off and sublimation as major defense mechanisms in higher frequency than the medicine group. This result reflects on the fact that the surgery group has exact an apprentice discipline and dramatical therapeutic approach. The results seem to be useful in understanding the resident's optimal character for specific specialties that were selected by evaluating the differences of the common characteristics and coping mechanisms of each specialty group.
Classification* ; Defense Mechanisms* ; Sublimation

The purpose of this study was to explore the differentiation of common personality profiles and defense mechanisms between medicine and surgery specialist groups. The authors evaluated the defense mechanisms of the specialist by using Ewha Defense Mechanisms Test. The authors compared the defense mechanisms between two groups(medicine and surgery specialist groups) who are employed Soonchunhyang university hospital at 2000. First, There were significant differences in mean scores of the defense mechanisms ratings. For the surgery groups, projection and show-off were significantly higher than in the medicine group, and for the medicine groups, altruism was significantly higher than surgery groups. Second, Compared of maturity level between two groups, the medicine group used mature defense significantly. Third, We compared of major defense mechanisms between two groups. Surgery groups used show-off as a major defense mechanisms in significantly higher frequency than the medicine groups. This results were reflect that surgery group have property of apprentice system and dramatical therapeutic approach. The results seem to be useful in understanding specialist's optimal character for specific specialities that were selected by evaluating the differences of the common characteristics and coping mechanisms of each specialty group.
Altruism ; Defense Mechanisms* ; Specialization*

First mechanism: there is a link and triple coincidence of fas receptor (D95) in the surface of target cells by presence of Fas-ligand (or CD 95L) in the surface of immune ells (Fas-Fas L includes TNF and TNF family member such as CD27L, CD39L and CD40L.. Fas L system induces apoptosis and prevents apopyosis. The second mechanism: the phenomenon of cell dissolution due to activity of granule of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) out cell (granule exocytosis).
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; Defense Mechanisms

The purpose of this study was to explore the difference of defense mechanisms between medicine and surgery groups, and between residents and specialists who were professors of a medical school. The author evaluated the defense mechanisms by using Ewha Defense Mechanisms Test. The author compared the defense mechanisms of medicine and surgery specialist groups who are employed by Soonchunhyang university hospital as professors in 2000, and of medicine and surgery resident groups in 1999. First, there were significant differences in mean scores of the defense mechanisms ratings. In surgery specialist group, the rate of using projection and show-off were significantly higher than those of medicine group. In resident group, show-off, passive-aggression, dissociation, somatization, acting-out and regression were significantly higher than those of specialist group. In medicine group, residents were higher than specialists in show-off, passive-aggression, acting-out and regression. But for the specialist group, the score on anticipation was higher than in the resident group. In surgery group, residents were higher than specialists in identification, rationalization and regression. In the interaction, analysis by hierarchy and field anticipation and altruism have a significant interaction effect. Second, in comparison of maturity level between the field of speciality and level of hierarchies, surgery group used more neurotic and narcissistic defense than medicine group significantly. For the level of hierarchies, residents used more immature and neurotic defense than specialists. In medicine group, residents used immature defense more than specialists, but more mature defenses were used in specialists than residents significantly. In surgery group, residents used more immature and neurotic defenses than specialists. Mature defenses have more interaction effect. This results may reflect the fact that discipline in surgery have characteristic apprentices system and more dramatical therapeutic approach. The results seem to be useful in understanding the optimal character for each speciality. In the process of selecting spescialities evaluating one's defenses and matching with the characteristics and coping mechanisms of each specialty group can be helpful.
Altruism ; Defense Mechanisms ; Rationalization ; Schools, Medical ; Specialization

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of present study was to explore the differences of ego defense mechanisms between South Koreans, North Korean defectors in South Korea and Korean-Chinese in South Korea, and the correlations between ego defense mechanisms and perceptions of socio-cultural characteristics of these three groups. METHODS: The Defense Style Questionnaire and the Socio-Cultural Characteristic Questionnaire were administered to 100 South Koreans, 93 North Korean defectors and 86 Korean-Chinese. 21 North Korean defectors and 10 Korean-Chinese in South Korea were interviewed regarding the questionnaire results of the study. RESULTS: North Korean defectors used more active defense styles and emotion repressive defense styles than South Koreans. Korean-Chinese used more passive defense styles than North Korean defectors and South Koreans. North Korean defectors scored significantly higher than South Koreans on 'denial', 'splitting', 'withdrawal', 'suppression', 'altruism', 'task orientation' and 'anticipation' in the Defense Style Questionnaire. The defense styles were significantly related to the socio-cultural characteristics of the three countries. CONCLUSION: From our results it was inferred that there are differences in the defense styles among three groups, and the socio-cultural characteristics have effects on defense mechanisms. On the gasis of the results of this study, the direction of future study was discussed.
Defense Mechanisms ; Ego* ; Korea* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study is to provide a useful insight for developing effective teaching and student counseling methods by understanding the relationship between four preference patterns of MBTI personality types and EWHA defense mechanisms of nursing college students. METHOD: The data used in this research were collected administrating EWHA defense mechanism test and MBTI personality type instrument to 195 nursing students in the period of November 3 through September 16 in 2000. Collected data were analysed by pc-SPSS 10.0. RESULT: Three general conclusions were drawn from the study results: (1) in terms of personality type, 'Extraversion', 'Sensing', 'Thinking', and 'Judgement' types showed high frequency respectively; (2) in terms of defense mechanism, 'Identification' showed the highest score, and then 'suppression' scored next followed by 'Humor'. However, 'Acting out' showed the lowest average score, and then 'Projection' followed by 'Denial'; (3) Based on the relationship between defense mechanism and four MBTI preference patterns, it can be drawn that students with the preference of 'Extraversion' usually use defense mechanism of 'Altruism', 'Sublimation', 'Distortion', 'Controlling', and 'Humor'. In comparison, students with the preference of 'Introversion' often use the defence mechanism of 'Evasion' and 'Projection'. CONCLUSION: The study results can be utilized in both fields of education and counseling: (1) in the field of education, this study can provide a basis for developing a suitable teaching method for each personality types of nursing students; (2) for counseling practitioners, the results of this study provide the useful insights to understand nursing college students' communication skills, behavior patterns, and ability of coping with problems in the process of counseling.
Counseling ; Defense Mechanisms ; Education ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing ; Teaching

OBJECTIVES: To determine differences of common personality profiles and coping mechanisms of medical students who prefer specific specialties (medicine and surgery), the authors evaluated the defense mechanisms of the medical students by using Ewha Defense Mechanisms Test. METHODS: The authors compared the defense mechanisms between two groups (medicine selection group and surgery selection group) who are in the senior year of the Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in mean scores of the each defense mechanism and 4 groups of defense mechanisms divided by maturity level between the groups of students who selected medicine and surgery. But, frequency of major defense mechanisms were as follows; For the surgery selection group, the passive-aggression in the Immature defense mechanism and show-off in the Neurotic defense mechanism were significantly higher than in the medicine selection group. Contrarily, in the medicine selection group, humor in the mature defense mechanism as the major defense mechanism was significantly higher than in the surgery selection group. CONCLUSION: After analysis of the differences of frequency of major defense mechanisms between the two groups, there were no significant differences between the two groups in personality. However, the students of the medicine selection group used humor of the mature defense mechanism as a major defense mechanism in higher frequency than the surgery selection group. In situations of complications, anxiety and suffering, the use of the humor defense mechanism gave the students strength to endure these situations. Among these students, there is a high probability that many of them possess strong ego strength. Contrarily, the students of the surgery selection group did not express aggression directly, rather, they expressed these feelings indirectly through passive opposition. There was a high frequency of passive-aggression defense mechanism in dealing with feelings of aggression. Also, in the neurotic defense mechanism, compared to ability, excessive goals were set as was the resulting behavior. Especially, behavior was extremely sensitive to how others would evaluate those actions resulting in using show-off mechanism as a major defense mechanism in higher frequency by the surgery selection group. The results seem to be useful in understanding the student's optimal character for specific specialities that were selected by evaluating the differences of the common characteristics and coping mechanisms of each specialty group.
Aggression ; Anxiety ; Defense Mechanisms* ; Ego ; Humans ; Students, Medical*

No abstract available.
Defense Mechanisms* ; Ego* ; Humans ; Mood Disorders* ; Neurotic Disorders* ; Schizophrenia*

Cells can die through various biochemical pathways related to complex pathophysiological process. Different types of cell death are closely associated with microbial infection. Several regulatory mechanisms of cell death during bacterial infection play important roles to control the pathogens. Bacteria usually manipulate host defense mechanisms to survive and eventually replicate. Host cell death is one of the intrinsic immune defense mechanisms even if infected cells were sacrificed and it induced detrimental effects on host. Understanding the role of cell death during bacterial infection is important to provide insight into the pathogenesis of unknown infectious diseases. In this review, the different forms of cell death are discussed.
Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections ; Cell Death ; Communicable Diseases ; Defense Mechanisms