This paper reports diagnostic results of 200 cases of hemoptysis. The causes of hemoptysis mainly include: bronchial and pulmonary infections (28%), tracheal,bronchial and pulmonary tumor (22.5%),tuberculosis (9.5%), pulmonary abscess (4%), other pulmonary diseases (2.5%), dosprders pitside the lungs (6.5%), and diseases of unidentified reason (5.5%). The diagnostic procedure of hemoptysis is also discussed. It is especially emphasized that the Pulmonary biopsy via bronchia and technique of systematic segmental lavage are of crucial importance for the diagnosis of hemoptysis.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal tract factors, especially intestinal ischemiareperfusion, can induce the injury of remote organ. Chinese herb, rhubarb,can clear oxygen free radical to promote the proliferation of beaker cell in intestinal mucous membrane, inhibit excessive multiplication of bacterium and endotoxin absorption in the intestinal tract, activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, improve microcirculation and other ways to protect intestinal mucous membrane barrier, so as to prevent and treat pulmonary injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe the preventing and treating effect of rhubarb on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced pulmonary injury and the effect of rhubarb on tumor necrosis factor and phospholipase A2 (PLA2).DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Emergency, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from February to July 2003. Totally 80SD rats were selected and randomly divided into intestinal ischemia/reperfusion group (n=24), sham operation group (n=46), treatment group (n=24) and normal saline group (n=16).METHODS: In the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion group, rats were fasted before operation. They were anesthetized and given a median abdominal incision. Superior mesenteric artery was isolated and occluded by vascular clamp without wound, and then the incision was sutured; 45 minutes later,vascular clamp was taken out to recover blood supply. For the treatment group, modeling was the same as that in the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion group, 600 mg/kg suspension of rhubarb extract was gastrointestinally perfused into the rats 30 minutes before recovering blood supply. For the normal saline group, modeling was the same as that in the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion group; same dosage of normal saline was gastrointestinally perfused into the rats 30 minutes before recovering blood supply. For the sham operation group, occlusion of superior mesenteric artery was omitted. Taking pathological change and 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin pulmonary uptake index as the index to evaluate pulmonary injury, TNF content and serum of pulmonary tissue and PLA2 activity of lung and intestinal tissue of animals in each group were measured respectively at different time points.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 125I labeled bovine bovine serum albumin uptake index, tumor necrosis factor content of blood and pulmonary tissue, and PLA2 activity of serum, lung and intestinal tissue RESULTS: ① Pathological and morphological change of pulmonary tissue: There was no obvious abnormality in the sham operation group; In the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion group, 6 hours later, pulmonary interstitial edema, neutrophile infiltration appeared and alveolar edema was also found, and there were a little haemorrhage and exudation of fibrin. Only mild pulmonary interstitial edema and a small quantity of neutrophiles were found in the treatment group. ② Ultramicro-pathological change of pulmonary tissue: There was no obvious change in the sham operation group. In the intestinal ishcemia/reperfusion group, 6 hours later, pulmonary capillary endothelial cells were swelled and neutrophilic granulocyte leaked into pulmonary stroma and alveolar space. There were no above changes in the treatment group. ③ Change of tumor necrosis factor of pulmonary tissue in the sham operation group or treatment group (reperfusion for 30 minutes) was significantly lower than that in the intestinal ischemiareperfusion group (reperfusion for 30 minutes) (0.235±0.114,1.374±0.550,16.315±4.587,P ＜ 0.01). ④125I-BSA pulmonary uptake index in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the intestinal ischemiareperfusion group and normal saline group (P ＜ 0.01), without significant difference in comparison with sham operation group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Early application of rhubarb is helpful to prevent and treat lung injury following small intestine ischemic reperfusion, so as to inhibit tissue disease course to deve1op multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,which might be implemented through inhibiting the release of TNF and PLA2 and other media.

Objective To improve our understanding of localized Castleman's disease ( Localized Castleman's disease, LCD) ,and to improve its diagnosis and treatment. Methods Clinical characteristics and treatment of 26 LCD cases were retrospectively analyzed, and its clinical features and treatment strategies were reviewed. Results Among the 26 cases, there were 10 cases with clinical symptoms, which mainly showed local pain induced by the compression of the tumors, and 3 in the 10 cases associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus. The swollen lymph node was at a localized area, which was mostly at retroperitoneal (10 cases) and mediastinum (7 cases). The CT scan of LCD had its special characters including local calcification and necrosis. 22 cases were of hyaline vascular type, and the other 4 cases were of plasma type based on histopathologic examination. Twenty-five patients received complete tumor resection and 2 cases of them recurred after a follow-up of 5 to 206 months averaging at 48 ± 13 months. In one case the tumor adjoining vital organs deep in the mediastinum couldn't be completely resected. This patient and another with complete tumor resection recurred and received combined chemotherapy with complete tumor disappearance and were all alive without recurrence as found by follow up to May, 2010. The other patient with recurrent tumor after tumor resection didn't receive chemotherapy and died 11 years later. Conclusions LCD patients mainly have isolated lymphadenectasis, and some patients may have systemic symptom and show abnormal laboratory results. CT scan is helpful in establishing a diagnosis of LCD.Complete surgical resection offers a favorite result for this disease.

Clinical features and related information on diagnosis and treatment of 45 cases of Castleman's disease (CD) were retrospectively analyzed.Based on the clinical classification, localized CD (LCD) was found in 26 cases, multicentric CD (MCD) was found in 19 cases.Most cases of LCD presented the symptoms of compression, while MCD had complicated and non-specific clinical manifestations, making the early diagnosis more difficult.All 26 cases with LCD underwent surgery, among which only 2 cases relapsed.Sixteen out of 19 patients with MCD were treated with glucocorticoids or combined chemotherapy, and 14 cases achieved complete or partial remission.The results show that patients with CD have variant manifestation and the diagnosis depend on CT scan or histopathology examination.Most LCD can be cured by complete surgical resection, and MCD can achieve remission by the treatment with glucocorticoids or combined chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of teicoplanin on the patients with severe infection in ICU.METHODS Thirty cases were observed and the dosage of drug was 400mg once a day for injection.The duration of the treatment was 7-10 days.RESULTS The total cure rate was 70.00%,the total response was 83.33%,and the bacterial clearance rate was 86.67%.CONCLUSIONS Teicoplanin is both effective and safe for patients with severe infection in ICU.

Objective: To investigate changes of the endothelin-1(ET-1) and its receptor (endothelin receptor subtype A, ET AR ) mRNA expression in some organs(kidney, lung and small intestinal mucous membrane) in the sepsis and septic shock rats. Methods: Twenty-four male rats randomized into sepsis group, septic shock group, control and normal group was infused with endotoxin(LPS) via indwelling right atria catheters except normal and control group. RT-PCR was used to detect kidney, lung and small intestinal mucous membrane tissue mRNA expression of the ET-1 , ET AR and glucose-6-phospho dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) in every group.Serum BUN, Cr, ALT and A were determined. The arterial oxygen tension (PaO 2) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO 2)were measured in every group. Results: ET-1 mRNA and ET AR mRNA expression in the sepsis group and septic shock group were significantly higher than in normal group. There were significant differences between the normal/control group and sepsis/shock group in BUN,Cr,ALT,PaO 2 and PaCO 2. Conclusion: A higher expression of ET-1 mRNA and ET AR mRNA may be one of the startup factors on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and may play an important role on pathogenesis in sepsis and septic shock.

Objective To enhance the cognition about the adult contagious atypical pneumonia for an expectation of earlier diagnosis, prevention and treatment.Methods We analyzed and summarized X-ray lung and clinical characteristics of 34 patients with contagious atypical pneumonias who were admitted to our hospital from Feb to April. 2003.Results X-ray findings of lung were characterized by mostly involving unilateral and presenting ill defined cloud or patches-form opacities. These lesions progressed and varied rapidly. The clinical manifestations were characterized by the onset of fever (34/34), mostly associated with systemic and joint aching pains (29/34) and dry coughs (29/34). Leucocyte counts showed normal or lower than normal. Patient with a continuing high fever might tend to develop ARDS (2/34). All the 34 patients recovered after combined therapies (anti-inflammation, anti-virus and promoting immunity ) and were discharged from hospital. The average in-hospital days were (10.6?4.2) days. Conclusion X-ray examination is the main method for the early diagnosis and observing state-variation. The predominant clinical features of this disease are fever, dry cough, aching pain in extremities, unconspicuous pulmonary signs as well as hemogram not rising, a continuing high fever may lead to the tendency of ARDS.

Objective To study the effect of Chinese medicinal compound recipe ( modified Fuzheng Yiliu Decoction, MFYD) on the proliferation of colon cancer HT-29 cells and on the expression of cellular apoptosis gene, Bcl-2, and tumor-inhibiting gene, P53. Methods Colon cancer HT-29 cells were divided into serum containing MFYD groups ( treated with different concentrations of serum containing MFYD) and blank serum group. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) , real time cellular analysis ( RTCA) and reverse transcription poly merase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) were used to detect the cell proliferation and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and P53 separately. Results The proliferation of colon cancer HT-29 cell line was inhibited by MFYD ( P<0.05) in concentration-and time-dependent manner. The Bcl-2 mRNA expression was decreased and p53 mRNA was increased markedly in HT-29 cells after co-culturing with 12% or 15% volume fraction of serum containing MFYD for 48 hours, the differences being significant compared with the blank serum group ( P<0.05). Conclusion MFYD has obvious inhibitory effect on the proliferation of colon cancer HT-29 cells, and its mechanism may be related to down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 gene and up-regulating the expression of P53 gene.

In this study,we investigated the genes related to the transformation of immortalized human fetal tracheal fibroblast cell line induced by alpha particles by means of differential display Mrna method.The result revealed that there were 23 DNA fragments that were expressed intensively in Αshtf cells(SHTF cells forming clone on agar after irradiated by α particles emitted by 238 Pu)only and not in SHTF(SV40-immortalized human fetal tracheal fibroblast)cells.Northern dot confirmed two fragments,C17-5,C23-1 which showed intensive Mrna expression in Αshtf cells,but not in SHTF cells.The length of the C17-5 fragment was 310bp.Searching in BLAST database revealed that the C17-5 fragment might be an unknown sequence.

10?g/L may be very valuable for diagnosis of lung cancer, especially for adenocarcinoma. Cyfra21-1 and NSE were better biomarkers for squamous cell carcinoma and SCLC, respectively. The combined detection of Cyfra21-1 and CEA could be used as a better pattern for diagnosis of lung cancer.