● AIM: To investigate the sequential changes of HIF-1 α Protein and mRNA in hypoxic bovine retinal microvessel endothelial cells.● METHODS: The bovine retinal microvessel endothelial cells were cultured in normoxic and CoCl2-induced hypoxic conditions respectively. Expressions of HIF-1 α Protein were measured with immunohistochemical staining, and RT-PCR was used to determine the HIF-1 α mRNA.● RESULTS: HIF-1 α began to increase 1h after hypoxia,and reached the peak at 4h. After 16h, it declined significantly. Compared with the normoxic group, the expression of HIF-1 α protein in the hypoxic groups had significant difference (P＜0.01), and HIF-1 α mRNA expression was unchanged under hypoxia.● CONCLUSION: HIF-1 α participates in the hypoxic procedures in retinal microvessel endothelial cells, and hypoxia induce time-dependent changes of HIF-1 α protein expression, which is not modulated on the transcription level. Analysis of HIF-1 α expression revealed a temporal and spatial changes with regard to the hyperoxic repression, indicating that HIF-1 may play a major role in the development of retinopathy of prematurity and other ischemic retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy.

AIM:To study the changes of tear film and ocular surface after the coaxial micro incision 2. 2mm and 2. 8mm in the phacoemulsification.
METHODS:Eighty-six patients ( One hundred and six eyes ) from 2014/06 to 2016/01 in our hospital were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Forty-four patients ( Fifty-three eyes) in group A: coaxial 2. 2mm micro- incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation;Forty-two patients ( Fifty-three eyes ) in group B: the conventional coaxial 2. 8mm small incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and IOL implantation. The break up time ( BUT) , dry eye symptom ( DES) score, Schirmer's I test ( SⅠt ) and lid-wiper epitheliopathy ( LWE ) score were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.
RESULTS:At 1wk, 1 and 2mo postoperatively, the BUT in two groups decreased after operations, and the BUT of group B was significantly lower than those of group A, the differences were statistically significant ( t = 3. 098, 4.512, 4.329; all P < 0. 05 ). The DES score in two groups increased, the DES score of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (t=-9. 449, -10. 029, -7. 141; all P<0. 05). The SⅠt in two groups increased after operations, the SⅠt of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (t=-6. 293, -4. 009, -3. 283; all P<0. 05). The LWE score in two groups increased after operations, the LWE score of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (t=-6. 542,-5. 125, -3. 632; all P<0. 05). At 6mo postoperatively, compared with the preoperative data, the BUT, DES score, S Ⅰ t and LWE score in group A showed no statistically significant differences (t=0. 659, 1. 276, 0. 548, 0.169; P>0. 05). The BUT, DES score, SⅠt and LWE score in group B showed statistically significant differences (t=-4. 063, 7. 306, 3. 621, 4. 208;all P<0. 05).CONCLUSION:Ocular surface has less damage and tear film has little influence at early stage after the coaxial 2.2mm microincision phacoemulsification, compared with the conventional coaxial 2. 8mm incision phacoemulsification surgery.

OBJECTIVETo investigate CT and MRI characteristics of primary spinal large B cell lymphoma.

METHODSCT and MRI data of 23 patients with primary spinal large B cell lymphoma confirmed by histopathology were retrospectively analyzed from March 2011 to August 2015. Among them, including 14 males and 9 females aged from 28 to 70 years old with an average of 53.4 years old. The clinical manifestation mainly focus on pain around spinal and minority peripheral nerve symptom. The courses of disease ranged from 2 weeks to 3 months with an average of 9 weeks. Nine patients underwent CT plain scan, 8 patients underwent plain and enhanced CT; 21 patients underwent MRI plain scan and enhanced; 15 patients underwent CT and MRI examination. The location, bone changes, shape, density, signal intensity and enhancement characteristics of lesions were observed and compared with pathology.

RESULTSLocation and size of lesion showed cervical vertebrae in 1 case, thoracic vertebrae in 16 cases, lumbar vertebrae in 2 cases, and sacral vertebrae in 4 cases. Mass was larger, the largest cross-sectional size of group was up to 73 mm× 125 mm. CT examination showed that 11 cases with "cloud and mist" shape change, 6 cases with compression fractures, and with "floating ice" shape change, 9 cases with "oversleeve" shape change, 11 cases with spinal stenosis; enhancement scan showed obvious reinforcement. MRI showed slightly low signal on T1WI and T2WI were slightly high signal, and signal was uneven, and enhancement scan showed obvious reinforcement, 13 of 16 cases with spinal canal stenosis changed like "oversleeve", intervertebral space showed no significant stenosis. Comparison of CT and MRI showed the manifestation of bone destruction by CT was superior than that of MRI, but the range of lesion, and related surrounding structures were not better than MRI. MRI displayed the range of lesion usually bigger than CT. Pathology results showed that 23 patients were all primary spinal large B cell lymphoma.

CONCLUSIONSPrimary spinal large B cell lymphoma has certain features in age, location and imaging findings. The "cloud and mist", "floating ice" and "oversleeve" shape bony destruction by CT and MRI has certain significance to diagnosis of primary spinal large B cell lymphoma.

OBJECTIVETo prepare colon-targetting tablets of total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides and evaluate the effect of pectins of different degree of esterification (DE) on sophoridine release profiles in-vitro.

METHODWet granulation technique was employed to prepare petin-based matrix tablets, then tablets were coated the optimal formulation with Kollicoat MAE 30 DP based on the optimal formulation and analysed their release.

RESULTCoated formulation E could target total alkaloids of S. alopecuroides to colon and various DE of pectin exerted different effects on sophoridine release. The release of low DE pectin-based matrix tablets coating with Kollicoat MAE 30 DP approximatedly fitted zere-order eqution, which was erosion depended.

CONCLUSIONLow DE pectin-based matrix tablet coating with Kollicoat MAE 30 DP can deliver sophoridine to colon, hence improve the effectiveness of sophoridine.

Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Colon ; chemistry ; Esterification ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Pectins ; chemistry ; Quinolizines ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sophora ; chemistry ; Tablets ; chemistry

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of ribavirin injection combined with qingkailing injection in the treatment of children virus pneumonia.Methods A total of 105 children with viral pneumonia were randomly divided into control group (n =52 cases) and treatment group (n =53 cases).Control group was given intravenous infusion of ribavirin injection 10 mg · kg-1 · d-1 qd.Treatment group was treated with intravenous infusion of qingkailing injection,which was given 6 mL qd for 1-2 years children and 10 mL qd for 3-6 years children,on the basis of control group.Two groups were treated for 7 d.The clinical efficacy,levels of inflammatory cytokine,lung function indexes,disappearance time of symptoms and signs,and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment and control groups were 92.45％ (49/53cases) and 73.08％ (38/52 cases)with significance difference (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the main indexes in treatment and control groups were compared:interleukin-6 were (23.13 ± 5.12),(42.91 ± 6.81) ng · L-1;interleukin-8 were (9.10 ± 2.13),(15.03 ± 3.51) ng · L-1;tumor necrosis factor-α were (27.12 ± 4.67),(38.97-9.09)ng · L-1;per kilogram of tidal volume were (7.93--1.29),(6.73 ± 1.20)mL · kg-1;peak expiratory time / expiratory time were (45.13 ± 6.78) ％,(32.16 ± 5.71) ％;respiratory rates were (23.51 ± 4.59),(27.98 ±4.12) beat · min-1;fever clearance time were (2.19 ±0.61),(4.21 ± 1.30) d;disappearance time of cough were (4.31 ± 1.27),(5.98 ± 1.43) d;disappearance time of pulmonary rales were (3.41 ± 1.04),(5.59 ± 1.43)d,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).There were no adverse drug reactions occurred during the treatment.Conclusion Qingkailing injection combined with ribavirin injection has a definitive clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of children virus pneumonia,which can improve the lung function obviously and reduce the inflammatory reactions.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the testis and testicular gubernaculum of fetal KM mice in vivo and to investigate the mechanism of DEHP-induced cryptorchidism.

METHODSThirty healthy pregnant KM mice were randomly and equally divided into a blank control group, a corn oil control group and a DEHP group. The pregnant mice in the latter group were exposed to DEHP by gavage at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight per day from gestation day 12 (GD12) through gestation day 19 (GD19). The effects of DEHP were observed on the number of fetuses per pregnancy, the ratio of male to female pups, the weight of the testis, the morphology and location of the testis and gubernaculum, the relative testis-bladder neck distance (TBD) and cranial suspensory ligament (CSL) residual. The expressions of the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER) and actin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the gubernaculum were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSDEHP reduced the testis weight and TBD, induced different degrees of testis maldescent, but produced no obvious effect on the body weight, the number of fetuses per pregnancy, the sex ratio and the testis gubernacular morphology. Under the light microscope, hypotrophy was seen in all the testis seminiferous tubules, spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells, marked Leydig cell hyperplasia was noted, and the positive expression of AR in the gubernaculum was decreased in the DEHP group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDEHP could cause dysfunction of the testis gubernaculum via its anti-androgen effect, induce cryptorchidism, and cause dysplasia and dysfunction of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and spermatogenic cells in fetal mice.

Animals ; Diethylhexyl Phthalate ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus ; drug effects ; Leydig Cells ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Pregnancy ; Sertoli Cells ; drug effects ; Testis ; cytology ; drug effects ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on neonatal mice's testes and Leydig cells in vivo.

METHODSPregnant mice were exposed to DEHP at the dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg (body weight) per day by gavage from gestation day 12 (GD 12) through postnatal day 3 (PND 3), respectively. The testis and body weights, testicular histopathology and the activity of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) of the neonatal mice were investigated.

RESULTSThe body and testis weights of the male mice's offspring were significantly reduced following DEHP exposure. Leydig cell morphology was affected significantly by DEHP as compared with the controls. Leydig cells obviously increased in the neonatal mice's testes on PND 15 and PND 30 when exposed to DEHP (500 mg/[kg x d]). Activities and positive area of the steroidogenic enzymes 3beta-HSD immunoexpression decreased markedly when exposed to DEHP (100 mg/[kg x d] or 200 mg/[kg x d]). Image analysis showed a decrease in the activities of 3beta-HSD in the animals exposed to DEHP (500 mg/[kg x d]), but an increase in the positive area of 3beta-HSD immunoexpression as compared with the control animals on PND 15 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDEHP affects the Leydig cell morphology, the activity of 3beta-HSD, the testis and body weights and the testicular histopathology of neonatal mice, and it may function as an antiandrogenic agent.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Diethylhexyl Phthalate ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Leydig Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Testis ; drug effects

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a mitogenic and anti-apoptotic factor. Serum IGF-I concentration is related to some cancer risk and tumor progression. The aim of this research was to study the association of preoperative serum IGF-I concentration with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Preoperative serum IGF-I concentration was measured in 80 consecutive patients with NSCLC who underwent radical lung cancer resection, and 45 patients with benign pulmonary lesion (BPL) by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the serum IGF-I concentration was elevated and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients. Serum IGF-I concentration was significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than in those with BPL. The IGF-I concentrations were significantly higher in NSCLC patients with ≥T2, N1-3, and in IIIA-IV but not in those with Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; diagnosis ; surgery ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; analysis ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Preoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Assessment ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo study a family with Bw subtype of ABO blood group system, and to review safety issues in relation with clinical transfusion.

METHODSThe molecular basis for the blood type was studied with serological assay, polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) and DNA sequencing, TA clone and haplotype analysis in one blood donor whose ABO blood group were difficulty typed and her family. The bioinformatics analysis was carried out by biological analysis software to investigate the change of structure and function of enzymes influenced by the change amino acid. A retrospective survey was carried out to investigate what is the actual position that the donor blood was used in the clinical transfusion.

RESULTSThree members from the family were found to have a Bw subtype. A substitution of nucleotide C by T at position 721 in exon 7 was discovered, which resulted in replacement of amino acid Arg to Trp. Review of clinical record suggested that there has been no significant abnormality association with past three blood transfusions.

CONCLUSIONA 721C>T mutation of the ABO gene probably underlies the Bw subtype. Further research is needed for understanding the clinical significance of this subtype in the blood transfusion.

ABO Blood-Group System ; classification ; genetics ; Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blood Transfusion ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical effect of spinal cord decompression and lavage therapy on chronic cervical spinal cord injury and explore the possible mechanism.

METHODSFifty-seven patients with chronic cervical spinal cord injury treated in our hospital from January, 2008 to January, 2015 were enrolled, including 17 with multilevel cervical disc herniation, 25 with long segmental ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, 13 with hypertrophy or calcification of neck ligamentum flavum, and 2 with old cervical fractures. Open-door spinal canal laminoplasty via a posterior approach and decompression in simple extramedullary decompression was performed in 31 cases (group A), and open-door spinal cord incision decompression via a posterior approach, saline irrigation, and spinal canal laminoplasty in intramedullary decompression was performed in 26 cases (group B). The pre-operative cerebrospinal fluid in group B patients was collected to examine the inflammatory factors. All the patients were followed up and evaluated for pre- and postoperative JOA scores to calculate the improvement rate with regular examinations by X-ray, CT or MRI.

RESULTSImaging examinations 2 weeks after the operation showed obvious relief of the primary lesion in both groups, and the improvement of high signals was better in group B than in group A. The mean improvement rate at 12 months after the operation was 52.33% in group A and 61.52% in group B (P<0.05), and the mean JOA score was significantly higher in group B than in group A (14.80∓1.51 vs 13.58∓0.56; P<0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 3 cases, epidural hematoma in 2 cases, internal fixation loosening in 1 case in group A; portal shaft fracture and internal fixation loosening occurred in 1 case in group B. Postoperative recovery time was shorter in group B and entered the platform phase in 3 months. The inflammatory factors IFN-γ, IL-17F, IL-6 and sCD40L were all significantly higher than the normal levels after spinal cord injury, and the increment of IL-6 was the most conspicuous (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntramedullary and extramedullary decompression can achieve better outcomes than extramedullary decompression in patients with chronic cervical cord injury. This may be related not only to relieving adhesions and secondary compression by cutting the dura under the microscope, but also to removal of local inflammatory factors.