Objective To establish the newborn rhesus monkey model of hemolytic hyperbilirnbinemia and provide an experimental basic model for research of hyperbilirubinemia.Methods Sixteen 3-day old newborn rhesus monkeys were divided into experimental group and control group,with 8 newborn rhesus monkeys in each group.Eight newborn rhesus monkeys in experimental group were treated with intravenous injection of l0 g/L phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) to establish model of homolytic hyperbilirubinemia.The newborn rhesus monkeys in control group were treated with intravenous injection of 9 g/L saline at the same time.Twenty-four hours and 48 hours after the experimental treatment,the bilirubin in blood was detected to evaluate the models,and the clinical manifestations of newborn rhesus monkeys with hyperbilirubinemia were recorded by using monitoring equipment.The brain slices were made to evaluate the model in 1 dead monkeys of experimental group.Results The newborn rhesus monkey of experimental group showed obvious skin,sclera jaundice and hemoglobinuria.The serum total bilirubin [(252.76 ± 63.42) μmol/L],unconjugated bilirubin[(165.85 ±44.93) pmol/L] and conjugated bilirubin [(87.16 ±21.22) μmol/L] in the experimental group were significantly higher than those [(20.62 ± 5.72) μmol/L,(7.93 ± 2.31) μmol/L,(12.51 ± 3.53) μmol/L] in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (t =14.581,13.881,14.040,all P ＜ 0.01).The level of hemoglobin [(47.18 ± 10.09) μmol/L] in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group [(136.85 ± 13.48) μmol/L],and the difference was statistically significant (t =-21.308,P ＜ 0.01).The results of pathological showed brain edema,rupture and eosinophilic and bilirubin deposition in the basal nuclei,and necrosis appeared in some severe parts.And there were different degrees of retardation and coordination disorders in the experimental group(s) newborn rhesus monkeys,but gradually returned to normal in 4 months later.Conclusion Intravenous injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride can be used to produce newborn rhesus monkey models of hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia.

Objective To establish and evaluate a reliable and highly reproducible neonatal rat model of hyper-bilirubinemia and to provide an experimental basis for research of kernicterus and related mechanism of neuroinjury.Meth-ods Sixty 7-day old SD rats (28 male and 32 female) were used in this study.Three doses of phenylhydrazine hydrochlo-ride (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected respectively to the neonatal rats to establish models of hyper-bilirubinemia induced by hemolysis.The control group was set up at the same time.48 hours after the experimental treat-ment, the bilirubin in blood and brain tissue, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) of brain tissue, and hemoglobin were detec-ted to evaluate the models.Results Compared with the control group, the bilirubin in the blood and brain tissue and the brain tissue NSE in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), while hemoglobin content was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).The bilirubin of blood and brain tis-sue and brain tissue NSE in the 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg dose phenylhydrazine hydrochloride groups were significantly high-er than that of the 25 mg/kg dose group ( P<0.05) , while hemoglobin content was significantly lower than that of the 25 mg/kg dose group ( P<0.05 ) .There were no significant differences between the 50 mg and 75 mg dose groups ( P>0.05).Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride can be used to produce neonatal rat mod-els of hyperbilirubinemia, mimicking the clinical features of this disease, and 50 mg/kg of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride is the best concentration.It is an ideal method to establish newborn rat models of hyperbilirubinemia.

In this paper, we advance a new treating method for rectectomy postoperative anus incontinence, which is called "artificial sphincter system with biofeedback-function". The system simulates the function of human's sphincter and has entered into a stage of simulation experiments on animals.
Anal Canal ; Animals ; Artificial Organs ; Biofeedback, Psychology ; Fecal Incontinence ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Software Design

Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; physiology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Cadmium ; toxicity ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Vasoconstriction ; drug effects

To test whether the pattern adaptation in thalamus is dependent upon postnatal visual experience during early life, the responses of relay cells to prolonged drifting grating stimulation were recorded extracellularly from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of cats reared with binocular and monocular lid suture. In binocular vision-deprived cats, 68% of cells recorded showed significant adaptation to prolonged grating stimuli within 30 s, with a mean response decrease of 33%, and then stabilized gradually. This adaptation was stronger than that of relay cells in normal cats. In monocular vision-deprived cats, 53% of the cells driven by the deprived eye showed similar adaptation as did 44% of the cells driven by the non-deprived eye. These results indicate that pattern adaptation could be maintained or even enhanced after visual deprivation in early life. It is suggested that pattern adaptation is a general and intrinsic property of the dLGN cells, which may be mainly determined by genetic factors.

Objective To compare the prophylactic efficacy of combination of ganciclovir and acy- clovir or acyclovir alone against cytomegalovirus pneumonia in renal transplant recipients.Methods A to- tal of 217 renal transplant recipient(124 men and 93 women;mean age,32 years;age range,16-72 years) were divided into 3 groups randomly.In 51 cases,acyclovir was taken orally at a dose of 400 mg,3/d,from the third d to 3 months after transplantation.In 74 cases,ganciclovir was administered at a dose of 250 mg/d intravenously from the 21st d to 27th d to replace Acyclovir.In 92 cases,no prophylaxis against eytomegalov- irus pneumonia was performed.All patients were followed 3 months after transplantation.Comparison of the incidence rates of cytomegalovirus pneumonia among the 3 groups was performed using Fisher's exact test. Results Cytomegalovirus pneumonia developed in 20 cases in the 3 groups,including 4 cases(5.4%) in combined use group,2 cases(3.9%)in acyclovir alone group,and 14 cases(15.2%)in control group. Significant difference existed between the 2 experimental and control groups(P＜0.05).However,no signifi- cant difference existed between the 2 experimental groups(P＞0.05).Of the 20 cases,17(85.0%)were cured,and 3 died of respiratory failure.Conclusions Ganciclovir and acyclovir have prophylactic effect a- gainst cytomegalovirus pneumonia in renal transplant recipients.These 2 medications are inexpensive,and the patients have good compliance.

Objective To investigate the incidence of hearing disorder and analyse the high-risk factors with hearing injury in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia.Methods The newborns with hyperbilirubinemia who admitted to the department of neonate,were received the distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE)test when they recovered from hyperbilirubinemia;those babies who didn′t pass the first test received screening again in 42 days after birth.Those babies who didn′t pass the second test received auditory brain stem response(ABR)test.Results Fifty-eight(33.2%)newborns didn′t pass the first DPOAE test among 235 newborns with hyperbilirubinemia;11(18.9%)infants didn′t pass the second DPOAE test among 58 infants;5 infants failed to pass the ABR test,the ratio of hea-ring disorder in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia was 2.13%;18(9.9%)newborns didn′t pass the first DPOAE test among 182 normal newborns,and those infants all passed the second DPOAE test.Conclusions Hyperbilirubinemia is high-risk population of hearing disorder.The congenital cytomegalovirus infection,neonatal septicemia and hemolytic disease of newborn are the high risk factors responsible for hearing disorder.All high risk newborns should recieve hearing examination regularly.

Objective To investigate the effect of fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in the assessment of dysphagia. Methods Fifty - two patients with neurogenic dysphagia underwent FEES and videofluoroscopy (VF) within a 2 - day period. The results obtained were compared. Results FEES with all consistencies revealed premature leakage in 48.1%, pooling in 75.0%, penetration in 69.2%, and aspiration in 55.8%, silent aspiration in 28.8% of patients. VF revealed above items in 44.2%, 63.5%, 57.7%, 46.2% , 21.2%, respectively. The FEES was then measured against the VF for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. FEES showed higher sensibitity and negative coincidence rate of penetration(90.0%, 81.3%) ,aspiration(87.5% ,87.0%) and silent aspiration(90.9%, 97.3%). According to the severity, the dysphagia in patients was classified into no penetration, penetration, aspiration and silent aspiration. A weighted Kappa value of 0.713 signified "substantial" agreement between the two tests. Conclusions FEES is an effective and valuable tool for evaluating oropharyngeal dysphagia,and is helpful in guiding the patients for diet and rehabilitation.

Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Male ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Neurons ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Synapses ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathological characteristics and the dynamic change regularity of the testis induced by high power microwave (HPM) radiation.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty-five male Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 HPM radiation for five minutes, and changes of testicular morphology and teratogenic ratio of epididymal spermatozoa were observed through light microscope and electron microscope at 6 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 d after radiation.

RESULTSInjury of testicular spermatogenic cells in rats might be induced by 3 to approximately 100 mW/cm2 HPM radiation, and the main pathological changes were degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells, formation of multinuclear giant cells, decrease or loss of sperm and interstitial edema. Injury of spermatogenic cells underwent such phases as death and shedding, cavitation, regeneration and repair, characterized by being focalized, inhomogenous and phased. And the severity of pathological changes of the testis increased with power density. There was only scattered degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubule one day after 3 mW/cm2 radiation, and the pathological changes six hours after 10 mW/cm2 radiation was similar to those one day after 3 mW/cm2 radiation, but with the formation of multinuclear giant cells, and the above-mentioned pathological changes aggravated from one day to seven days after radiation. There was a significant increase in degeneration, necrosis, shedding of spermatogenic cells, as well as a significant decrease in spermatozoa and focal necrosis in simple seminiferous tubules six hours after 30 and 100 mW/cm2 radiation, and the subsequent changes were similar to those of 10 mW/cm2 radiation. There was a significant increase in teratogenic ratio of epididymal spermatozoa at 3 d, 1 to approximately 7 d, 6 h to approximately 7 d after 3, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 microwave radiation respectively (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHPM radiation may cause injury of testicular spermatogenic cells in rats, which has a positive correlation to radiation dosage and time.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Male ; Microwaves ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spermatozoa ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Testis ; pathology ; radiation effects