Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Sinus ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Sixteen compounds have been isolated from the EtOAc fraction of 95% ethanolic extract of Sophora dunnii through silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-prerarative HPLC column chromatographies. Their structures were identified on the basis of NMR and MS spectra data as phaseollidin (1), L-maackiain (2), 2-(2',4'-dihidroxyphenyl)-5,6-methylenedioxy benzofuran (3), 8-demethyl-farrerol (4), liquiritigenin (5), genistein (6), 6-methylgenistein (7), 5-O-methyl genistein (8), 7,2',4'-trihydroxys-5-methoxy-isoflavanone (9), 7, 3', 4'-trihydroxy-isoflavanone (10), erythribyssin D (11), calycosin (12), trans-resveratrol (13), cis-resveratrol (14), stigmasterol (15), β-sitosterol (16). Among these, compounds 1-14 and 16 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Chemical Fractionation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Sophora ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the drug demand and related influencing factors of AIDS non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Wuhan, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of subsequent intervention policies for MSM. Methods　With the assistance of social organizations in Wuhan, MSM was recruited by the snowball method to carry out an online questionnaire survey to collect information on demographics, AIDS-related knowledge, high-risk behaviors, and the need for nPEP medication. The χ2 test and unconditional Logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of the demand for nPEP medication. Results　A total of 308 valid subjects were included in this study, with predominantly 18-29 years old (78.57%, 242/308). The self-reported sexual orientation was mainly homosexuality (82.47%, 254/308), and the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was high (89.29%, 275/308). Among the survey respondents, 35.06% (108/308) did not know the situation of HIV infection among MSM population in Wuhan; 55.19% (170/308) had two or more same-sex sexual partners in the last six months; 90.91% (280/308) had heard of nPEP before participating in this survey. After passing nPEP and informing the protective effect of nPEP, 59.42% (183/308) of them needed nPEP. After HIV exposure, 73.38% (226/308) were willing to spend money to buy nPEP drugs, and 88.64% (273/308) were willing to take nPEP drugs because of the known side effects. Logistic regression analysis showed that in the last six months, the needs for taking nPEP medication in those who had 2 or more same-sex sexual partners (OR=2.121, 95%CI: 1.329-3.386) and who had received peer education (OR=1.740, 95%CI: 1.088-2.781) were higher than those of those who had a same-sex sexual partner in the last six months and who had not received peer education. Conclusions　The MSM population in Wuhan has a great demand for nPEP drugs, and peer education is an important way to carry out nPEP publicity and promotion. At the same time, we should continue to strengthen warning publicity and education and behavioral intervention to reduce MSM risky sexual behaviors and reduce new HIV infections.

Objective To study the effects of nitric oxide on Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels in the hypothalamus neurons of newborn SD rats. Methods The data were recorded using inside-out or cell-attached configuration of patch-clamp technique and the kinetic changes of KCa channels are compared before and after 100 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was added into the bathing solution. Results When 100 μmol/L SNP was added to the bathing solution in cell-attached configuration, the open probability of the KCa channels increased from (7.3±1.5)% to (40.2±6.5)%, open time from (7.12±1.41) ms to (15.34±3.45) ms, frequency from (11.3±3.5) Hz to (26.6±4.2) Hz. Conclusion NO-cGMP signal pathway could greatly increase the open probability of the channels as a result of both the prolongation of open period and increase of open frequency, but the pathological or physiological roles it may play require further study.

Objective To investigate the differences in pressure wave reflections and central blood pressure between brachial BP classification and the effect of antihypertensive drugs. Method In 1371chronically treated hypertensive subjects aged 33 -87 years [679 males and 692 females, mean age (47.2 ± 11.5 ) years], radial arterial augmentation index ( rAI ) and central systolic blood pressure were measured using an automated tonometric method. Results rA1 gradually increased from the subgroup with the lower blood pressure to the higher blood pressure ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), for each given brachial value, central systolic blood pressure was lower than the corresponding brachial pressure( P ＜0. 01 ). In multivariable linear regression models analysis revealed that the application of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ([β =-0. 09, P ＜ 0. 05 ) , ATI receptor blockade ( β =-0. 07, P =0. 01 ), calcium channel blocker( [β =-0. 12,P ＜ 0. 01 ) and diuretic ( β =0. 14, P =0. 04 ) were independent determinants of rAI. Central SBP significantly correlated to the application of ACEI( β =- 0. 07, P =0. 02 ), ARB ( β =- 0. 08, P =0. 01 )and CCB( β =-0. 15, P ＜0. 05 ). Conclusions In chronically treated hypertensive individuals, tight blood pressure control would be effective in reducing the reflection wave and central BP. Antihypertensive treatment strategies with more beneficial effects on arterial properties are needed.

Objective To study the effects of nitric oxide on Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels in the hypothalamus neurons of newborn SD rats. Methods The data were recorded using inside-out or cell-attached configuration of patch-clamp technique and the kinetic changes of KCa channels are compared before and after 100 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was added into the bathing solution. Results When 100 μmol/L SNP was added to the bathing solution in cell-attached configuration, the open probability of the KCa channels increased from (7.3±1.5)% to (40.2±6.5)%, open time from (7.12±1.41) ms to (15.34±3.45) ms, frequency from (11.3±3.5) Hz to (26.6±4.2) Hz. Conclusion NO-cGMP signal pathway could greatly increase the open probability of the channels as a result of both the prolongation of open period and increase of open frequency, but the pathological or physiological roles it may play require further study.

To investigate the influence of the thalidomide on the growth of multiple myeloma cells from untreated, relapsed or refractory patients and summarize its mechanisms, thalidomide influence on colony growth of untreated, relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma cells cultured by semisolid methylcellulose was observed. The level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) autosecreted by myeloma cells was tested by IL-6-dependent cell line when myeloma cells were treated with thalidomide at 200 microgram/ml, and in the same concentration of thalidomide the expression of IL-6 receptor were tested by flow cytometry. Results showed that colony growths of myeloma cell from untreated and relapsed or refractory patients were all colonies were inhibited when treated by thalidomide up to 75 microgram/ml or 100 microgram/ml concentration. The inhibition was concentration-dependent, higher concentration cause more inhibition. After treatment with thalidomide at 200 microgram/ml, the concentrations of IL-6 secreted by myeloma cells were (148.5 +/- 96.7) microgram/ml, and the levels of IL-6 receptor expressed on the cell surface were 16.7% and 20.2% in untreated and relapsed or refractory patients, respectively, and those were significantly lower than those levels in the cells before exposure to thalidomide. It was concluded that thalidomide can inhibit growth of both relapsed or refractory cells and untreated myeloma cells in vitro. Therefore, it can be used to treat untreated multiple myeloma patients. Inhibiting tumor cells secreting level of IL-6 and reducing the expression of IL-6 receptor on myeloma cell surface is one of the mechanisms for thalidomide to remedy multiple myeloma patients
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Interleukin-6 ; biosynthesis ; Thalidomide ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

BACKGROUNDNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Southern Asia. Radiation therapy remains the mainstay of treatment strategies for NPC. Although approximately 19% - 56% of patients develop a recurrent disease 5 years after their primary treatment, recognition of post-radiation changes and early detection of relapse are important in improving the outcome of NPC. Our aim was to analyze the post-radiation changes and recurrent diseases related to NPC using computed tomography (CT) scans and to investigate their relationship.

METHODSCT scans of 510 pathologically proven NPC patients who have been followed up for more than 2 years after radiation were reviewed. The tumor's response to the radiation therapy and its relevance to recurrence were evaluated.

RESULTSFor patients who were followed up for more than 2 years, their CT scans-obtained within 3 months, during the 4th to the 6th month, and beyond 7 months after radiation therapy, showed a normal nasopharyngeal cavity with a slight thickening in the wall in 93.5%, 95.0% and 84.8% of the patients respectively. The degree of tumor regression had no significant relevance to the risk of recurrence within the initial 3 months (P = 0.094). During this term, the relapse rates in the cases in which the nasopharyngeal walls were displayed as normal, slightly or moderately thickening, or with obvious residual masses on CT scans were 7.1%, 11.7%, 23.5% and 23.1% respectively. The degree of tumor regression beyond 3 months after radiation therapy had a considerable reverse relevance to the risk of recurrence (P = 0.000). The relapse rates were 13.2%, 14.1%, 10.2% and 2.1%, respectively, in the cases with a normal and a slightly thickening nasopharyngeal wall during the 4th to the 6th month, the 7th to the 12th month, the 13th to the 24th month, and beyond 25 months after radiation. In contrast, the percents in cases with moderate or more aggressive thickening walls in the corresponding periods were 62.5%, 88.9%, 100% and 100%. Within 6 months after radiation therapy, shown by CT scans, the metastatic lymph nodes disappeared, markedly decreased, slightly decreased, or enlarged in 37.4%, 51.8%, 4.7%, and 0.4%, respectively, of the patients. During 6 to 12 months after radiation therapy, the proportions were 78.5%, 19.2%, 0.6% and 1.7% correspondingly. Beyond 12 months, the proportions were 83.7%, 7.9%, 0%, and 8.4%. The regression degree of the malignant nodes after radiation therapy showed a remarkable reverse relevance to the risk of recurrence in lymph nodes (P = 0.000). In the cases with disappearing, markedly decreased, slightly decreased, or enlarged malignant nodes within six months after radiation, the relapse rates were 2.9%, 4.5%, 12.5% and 100%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSIf the nasopharyngeal walls are shown to remain moderately thick on a CT scan beyond 6 months after radiotherapy, the risk of relapse will increase. The baseline images taken within 3 months after radiotherapy and regular follow-up studies are the key to pick up the tumor recurrences in an earlier stage.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; Nasopharynx ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ampelopsin on B16 melanoma's invasion and metastasis in vivo and in vitro.

METHODB16 mouse melanoma cells were injected into C57BL/6 mouse via tail lateral vein, which subsequently colonized into the animal lungs to form an experimental pulmonary metastasis of tumor cell. The ampelopsin was administered at 3 dosages by intraperitoneal injection daily for 18 days from the day before the cells injection. The B16 mouse melanoma cells were exposed to ampelopsin for 3 days. The effects of ampelopsin on invasion, migration and adhesion of B16 melanoma cells were evaluated with Transwell chambers or attachment with polycarbonate filters and reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel).

RESULTThe number of metastases in the animals that were given ampelopsin 150, 200, and 250 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) was significantly reduced as compared to the vehicle control (P<0.05), and the inhibition rates were 30.97%, 40.58%, and 61.16%, respectively. The ability of the ampelopsin treated B16 cells to invade the reconstituted basement membrane was decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the inhibition rates were 36.06%, 59.58%, and 79.09% at 20 micromol x L(-1), 40 micromol x L(-1) and 80 micromol x L(-1) concentration, respectively. Ampelopsin could also inhibit B16 cells migration through PVPF in the Transwell chambers, and the inhibition rates were 51.59%, 56.51%, and 66.75% at 20 micromol x L(-1), 40 micromol x L(-1) and 80 micromol x L(-1), respectively (P<0.01). The ability of adhesion of the B16 cells by ampelopsin treated cells on fibronectin, laminin, or Matrigel was decreased significantly.

CONCLUSIONAmpelopsin has anti-invasive and anti-metastatic effects on B16 melanoma.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lauraceae ; chemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; secondary ; Male ; Melanoma, Experimental ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; Chronic Disease ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; surgery ; Therapeutic Irrigation