Objective To research the Alzheimer disease(AD) patients' hippocampal structure and cognitive function with the susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and morphological measurement,and explore the changing regularity and correlation.Methods Sixty patients (divided equally into mild,moderate and major group as the condition of the severity of the AD) and 20 healthy control groups were scanned with SWI and T1MR,then the differences between AD and healthy controls were analyzed.Results The hippocampal volumes of AD patients were smaller than that of control group.The biggest variability occured in the major group(the left was Dunnett-t =-7.03,P ＜ 0.01 ;the right was Dunnett-t =-7.52,P ＜ 0.01),the moderate group was next(the left was Dunnett-t =-6.71,P ＜ 0.01 ; the right was Dunnett-t =-6.62,P ＜ 0.01) ;and the least variability occurred in the mild group.They did not achieve statistical significance (the left was Dunnett-t =-0.86,P＞ 0.05 ;the right was Dunnett-t =-0.68,P ＞ 0.05).The hippocampus vein' s length,diameter had reduced significantly in the mild group(Dunnett-t were-5.62,-7.02,P＜ 0.001),but the number of the branches was slightly increased,which was close to the statistical significance.(Dunnett-t =1.86,P ＞ 0.05).With the progress of the AD,all of the hippocampus vein's length,diameter,and branches were reduced significantly(the Dunnett-t of the moderate were-10.10,-11.40,-2.83,P＜0.05;the Dunnett-tofthe major were-11.69,-14.68,-5.74,P＜ 0.001).AD patients blood vessel diameter,length and cognitive have correlation(r =-0.034 ～-0.517,P ＜0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The hippocampus vein and cognitive function function change in AD patients happened in the mild stages of disease.An important supplement to the MRI conventional sequences.

Fistula ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; complications ; surgery

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnosis, treatment method, key points of operation, and postoperative complications of high-risk esophageal foreign body.METHODSA retrospective analysis of 41 cases of high-risk esophageal foreign body from January 1996 to December 2014. After adequate preparation, the foreign body was removed via esophageal endoscope under general anesthesia.RESULTSThe foreign bodies in 41 patients were removed via esophageal endoscope once or twice. Two cases suffered postoperative subcutaneous emphysema, that may be a result of a small perforation in esophagus. Emphysema was disappeared by fast, rehydration and anti-infection for 6 to 8 days, and other serious complications did not occur.CONCLUSIONMost high-risk esophageal foreign bodies can be removed through rigid esophagoscopy. Some of the foreign bodies of the patients were difficult to remove, some patients were presented with mediastinal emphysema and pneumothorax due to esophageal perforation, and some foreign body stuck in oesophagus so long to cause esophageal mucosa ulcer. In these conditions, foreign bodies should be removed by lateral neck incision or thoracotomy.

Objective To study the effect of diubiquitin (FAT10) down-regulation by small interfering RNA-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) on the biological features of tongue carcinoma cell line Tca8113.Methods Tca8113 cells were transfected with synthetic small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting FAT10.Expression of FAT10 mRNA and protein were respectively measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting,transfection efficiencies were monitored.The distribution of cell cycle phases was determined using flow cytometry.The proliferative and invasive ability of Tca8113 cells in vitro was evaluated by the colony-forming unit assay and Transwell migration assay respectively.Results Both FAT10 mRNA and protein expression were significantly decreased in the experimental group ( pU-FAT10-siRNA:mRAN 0.36 ± 0.03,Protein 0.39 ± 0.04) compared with controls ( Control:mRNA 0.95 ± 0.05,Protein 0.69 ± 0.05 ; pU-siRNA:mRNA 0.92 ± 0.07,Protein 0.64 ± 0.05 ) (P ＜ 0.05 ).The cell cycle was arrested in the G1 phase [ pU-FAT10-siRNA:(72.45 ± 5.81 ) ％,Control:(45.95 ± 3.80 ) ％,pU-siRNA:(45.95 + 3.80) ％ ].The proliferation and invasiveness of treated Tca8113 cells were inhibited in vitro ( pU-FAT10-siRNA:41.83 ± 8.19,Control:317.21 ± 69.48,pU-siRNA:339.36 +73.84).Conclusions Delivery of siRNA targeting FAT10 seems efficient in down-regulating FAT10 expression and diminishing the growth,proliferation and invasiveness of Tca8113 cells,suggesting that siRNA-based strategy targeting FAT10 may lay a foundation for the clinical management of tongue carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of millimeter wave exposure at low power density on gene expression in human keratinocytes (HaCaT).

METHODSHaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to 30.16 GHz millimeter wave with power densities of 1.0 or 3.5 mW/cm2 for 30 min per day. Gene expression profiles were obtained using the Affymetrix human genome U95A GeneChip. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to confirm the differential expression of genes obtained from Genechip analysis.

RESULTPAR-2 and ERGIC-53 genes in HaCaT cells were up-regulated by 3.5 mW/cm2 millimeter wave exposure for 4 times. ERGIC-53 gene was also up-regulated by 1.0 mW/cm2 millimeter wave exposure for 4 times. However, no significant change for PAR-2 expression was found after the same exposure.

CONCLUSIONMillimeter wave exposure could affect gene expression in human keratinocytes, which might be related to the intensity and the times of exposure.

Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Gene Expression ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Mannose-Binding Lectins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Microwaves ; Radiation ; Receptor, PAR-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether 50 Hz magnetic fields (MF) can change the gene expression profile in MCF-7 cells and to screen MF responsive genes.

METHODSIn vitro cultured MCF-7 cells were continuously exposed or sham-exposed to 0.4 mT of 50 Hz MF for 24 hours. Affymetrix Human Genome Genechips (U133A) were applied to analyze gene expression profiles in MF exposed and sham-exposed MCF-7 cells and the data were processed with Genechip data analysis software MAS 5.0 and DMT 3.0. Real-time RT-PCR assay was employed to examine the differentially expressed genes.

RESULTThirty differentially expressed genes were screened with 100 % consistency change calls in the MF exposed MCF-7 cells. Six independent real-time RT-PCR analyses showed that SCNN1A, METTL3 and GPR137B were slightly but statistically significantly changed in MCF-7 cells after exposure to 50 Hz MF (P<0.05), while other analyzed genes exhibited slight up-and down-fluctuations in expressions and no increase or decrease in each gene expression reached statistical significance (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe present study identified three 50 Hz MF responsive genes in MCF-7 cells and the biological consequences of expression changes in these MF responsive genes need to be further investigated.0.4 mT 50 Hz MF exposure for longer duration might induce DNA double-strand breaks in human lens epithelial cells in vitro.

Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Gene Expression ; radiation effects ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Radio Waves ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship among a 50 Hz magnetic field (MF)-induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) clustering,lipid rafts and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and to explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSHuman amnion FL cells were exposed to 50 Hz, 0.4 mT MF for 15 min. EGF treatment was used as positive control. Nystatin was employed to study lipid rafts since it could disrupt lipid rafts structure.The EGF receptors, ASM and lipid rafts were labeled with polyclonal anti-EGFR antibody, anti-ASM antibody and FITC-Cholera toxin B, respectively. The images were observed by laser confocal scanning microscope.

RESULTBoth EGF treatment and 50 Hz MF exposure could induce EGFR clustering; however, nystatin pretreatment disrupted this effect. MF exposure turned ASM (labeled with Cy3) from a diffused state in the sham exposure group to a concentrated state on the cell membrane, which co-localized with lipid rafts (labeled with FITC).

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that the EGFR clustering induced by 50 Hz MF depends on intact lipid rafts on cellular membrane, and the ASM might participate in the process of EGFR clustering.

Cell Membrane ; radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Microdomains ; radiation effects ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of gene expression in rat neurons induced by 1.8 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) and to screen for the RF EMF-responsive genes.

METHODSNewly-born SD rats in 24 hours were sacrificed to obtain cortex and hippocampus neurons. The cells were divided randomly into two groups: the experiment group (the irradiation group) and the control group (the false irradiation group). In the irradiation group, after twelve days' culture, neurons were exposed to 1.8 GHz RF EMF modulated by 217 Hz at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg for 24 hours (5 minutes on/10 minutes off) while in the false control group, the neurons were put in the same waveguide as in the irradiation group, but were not exposed to any irradiation. The total RNA was isolated and purified immediately after exposure. The affymetrix rat neurobiology U34 assay was used for detecting the changes in gene expression profile according to the manufacturer's instruction. RF EMF-responsive candidate gene was confirmed by using ribonuclease protection assay (RPA).

RESULTSAmong 1200 candidate genes, the expression levels of 34 genes were up or down regulated. Microtubule associated protein 2 (Map2) gene was selected as the candidate and subjected to further analysis. RPA data clearly revealed that Map2 was statistically significantly up-regulated after neurons were exposed to the RF EMF (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe modulation of gene expression and function of Map2 as a neuron specific cytoskeleton protein is crucial to maintain the normal framework and function of neurons. The finding that 1.8 GHz RF EMF exposure increases the expression of Map2 might indicate some unknown effects of RF EMF on neurons.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Phone ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Down-Regulation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Female ; Gene Expression ; radiation effects ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Neurons ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Radio Waves ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship among a 50-Hz MF-induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) clustering, acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) and ceramide (CER), and to explore the possible mechanism of receptor clustering.

METHODSHuman amnion (FL) cells were exposed to a 50-Hz sinusoidal magnetic field at 0.4 mT for 15 min with or without imipramine, a specific inhibitor of A-SMase and ceramide pretreatment. EGF treatment served as the positive control and DMSO treatment served as the solvent control. The EGFR was labeled with polyclonal anti-EGFR antibody and the clustering of EGFR was analyzed using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. The percentage of cells with EGFR clustering was counted and compared.

RESULTSBoth EGF treatment and 50-Hz MF exposure could induce EGFR clustering. However, the effect could be eliminated by imipramine pretreatment for 4 hours. When FL cells were incubated with ceramide following the imipramine pretreatment for 30 min, EGFR clustering induced by 50-Hz MF exposure could be recovered.

CONCLUSIONEGFR clustering induced by 50-Hz MF depends on A-SMase activity, and ceramide, as the hydrolyzate from A-SMase might participate in the process of EGFR clustering.

Amnion ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Ceramides ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Magnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase ; metabolism ; physiology

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; virology ; Carcinoma in Situ ; genetics ; pathology ; virology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; genetics ; pathology ; virology ; Cervix Uteri ; pathology ; virology ; Cytological Techniques ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasm Grading ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; virology