ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of panax quinquefolium 20s-protopanaxtriol saponins (PQTS) on ventricular remodeling in rats with pressure overloaded hypertrophic myocardium.Methods Wister rats were randomly divided into operation,model,positive captopril,and low,moderate,high PQTS groups.The model of pressure overload-induced ventricular remodeling was established through the method of rat's abdominal aorta deligation.After 6 weeks of PQTS treatment ( 12.5,25.0 and 50.0 mg · kg-1 · d-1,i.p),myocardial morphological and hemodynamic parameters were determined.The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)in serum,and the concentrations of prostacycline (PGI2),thromboxane A2 (TXA2),endothelium (ET) and angiotensin Ⅱ( Ang Ⅱ ) in plasma were also determined.ResultsCompared with remodeling group,PQTS could inhibit myocardial pathological changes,decrease significantly ventricular weight and cardiac coefficient,increase significantly systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure,left ventricular systolic pressure and the maximum left ventricular pressure rising and dropping rates(dp/dtmax),reduce the heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in ventricular remodeling rats.PQTS could also decrease the content of MDA and enhance significantly activity of SOD in serum.In addition,PQTS could decline the contents of ET,Ang Ⅱ and TXA2 in plasma while increase significantly the content of PGI2 in plasma and PGI2/TXA2 ratio(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).ConclusionsPQTS has protective effects on ventricular remodeling through improving systolic and diastolic function in ventricular remodeling rats,increasing anti-oxidase activity,reducing the damage of free radicals and vasoactive substance onmyocardium,and correcting disequilibrium of PGI2/TXA2 in ventricular remodeling rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of trimetazidine postconditoning on myocardial cell apoptosis in acute ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods 40 healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to Sham-operated group,MIRI group(I/R group),trimetazidine group and ischemic postconditioning group(IPOC group).The left anterior descending coronary artery of rat was ligated and the acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established.After that,ultrastructural changes of apoptotic myocardial cells were observed under electron microscope,and apoptotic cells were detected under optical microscope.The expressions of the Bcl-2,caspase-3 apoptosis related proteins were determined.Results ① The degree of ultrastructural injury of apoptotic myocardial cells was mild and basically the same in trimetazidine group versus IPOC group,and had a significant improvement as compared with I/R group.② The degree of myocardial apoptosis was basically the same in trimetazidine versus IPOC group,and lighter than in I/R group.③ Bcl-2 protein expression levels were(61.9 ± 2.9) ％,(21.4 ± 3.2) ％,(46.8 ± 3.5) ％ and (49.7 ± 3.1) ％,and caspase-3 protein expression levels were(38.1±4.5) ％,(72.8±5.7) ％,(47.2±5.1) ％ and(39.8 ±4.6)％ in Sham-operated group,I/R group,trimetazidine group and IPOC group respectively.Compared with I/R group,the expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased obviously,while the expression of easpase-3 protein was decreased in trimetazidine group and IPOC group.But there were no significant differences in the protein levels of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 between trimetazidine group and IPOC group(both P＞0.05).Conclusions Trimetazidine postconditoning can inhibit the myocardial cell apoptosis in acute ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,and has a protective effect on myocardial cells.

OBJECTIVE　To study the effects of Panax quinquef olium 20S-protopanaxdiol saponins extracted from the leaves of panax qu inque-folium (PQDS) on the hemodynamics and cardial oxygen metabolism in dogs with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).METHODS　The paramete rs of hemodynamics and cardial oxygen metabolism were determined by using the mo del of ligation of LAD in the anaesthetized open-chest dogs.RESULTS 　In dogs treated with PQDS (in a dosage of 10 and 20 mg*kg-1 iv infusion),the myocardial blood flow (MBF) was increased and coronary vascular re sistance (CVR) was decreased significantly.The heart rate (HR) was slowed.The ar terial blood pressure (ABP),left ventricular pressure (LVP),the maximum rise rat e of left ventricular pressure(+dp/dtmax),left ventricular work index (LVW I) and total periphery resistance(TPR) were reduced,whereas the stroke index(SI) and cardiac index (CI) were increased.In addition,the decreasing range of the m aximum decline rate of left ventricular pressure(-dp/dtmax) and the rising range of left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were reduced.Meanwhile the cardiac oxygen consumption,myocardial oxygen utilization rate and cardiac o xygen consumption index were also decreased.CONCLUSION　PQDS had protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia including improving heart fu nction,decreasing cardiac oxygen consumption and increasing myocardial blood flo w,etc.

Objective To observe the protective effects of Diemailing Injection (DMLI) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was induced by 30 min left anterior descending coronary occulusion and 24 h reperfusion in open-chest anesthetized rats. The changes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in serum, and prostacycline (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) levels in plasma were determined. Results In rats treated by DMLI (with dose of 2. 5, 5 and 10 mL ? kg-1 i. v. at 30 min after coronary occulusion), the myocardial ischemia size (MIS) was significantly reduced, the AST, LDH and CK-MB activities in serum and the TXA2 level in plasma were declined, while PGI2 level in plasma and PGI2/TXA2 ratio were increased significantly. In addition, the LPO content in serum declined, SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum were increased markedly. Conclusion DMLI has protective effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through improving free radicals metabolism, decreasing TXA2 level in plasma, increasing PGI2 level in plasma and PGI2/TXA2 ratio.

Objective To observe the protective effects of Diemailing Injection(DMLI) on experimental myocardial infarction in rats and its mechanism.Methods The experimental myocardial infarction model was induced by left anterior descending coronary occulusion for 24 h in rats.The rats were randomly divided into sham group,myyocardial infaction model group,DMLI groups with different doses(2.5,5.0,10.0 mL?kg~(-1))(n=20).The changes of myocardial infarction size(MIS),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),actate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine phosphokinase(CK),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in serum,endothelin(ET) and angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) levels in plasma,and low shearing specific viscosity,middle shearing specific viscosity and high shearing specific viscosity of blood and specific viscosity of plasma were determined.At the same time,myocardial free fatty acid(FFA) contents of infarction and noninfarction area were determined.Results In rats treated by DMLI(in doses of 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mL?kg~(-1) i.v after coronary occulusion),the MIS was significantly reduced(P

Objective To study the effects of ginseng fruit saponins(GFS)on the coronary circulation and cardial oxygen metabolism in dogs with acute myocardial infarction.Methods The acute myocardial infarction model was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary of dogs for 6 h.90 min after treatment with GFS,the blood flow of coronary artery was determined by using electromagnetism flowmeter with MP-27 type.At the same time,the blood oxygen contents of artery and vein were determined by using analysis instrument of blood gas with CORNIHG 178 type.Results After treated by GFS(in a dosage of 5 and 10 mg?kg~(-1) iv drip for 90 min),the myocardial blood flow(MBF) was increased and coronary vascular resistance(CVR) was decreased significantly.Meanwhile the cardiac oxygen consumption and myocardial oxygen utilization rate were also decreased,but cardiac oxygen consumption index had not changed significantly.Conclusion GFS has protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia through improving the coronary circulation,increasing myocardial blood supply and decreasing cardiac oxygen consumption and myocardial oxygen utilization rate.

Objective To study the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus saponins (ASS) on organ blood flow and vascular resistance in anesthetized dogs.Methods The cerebral blood flow(CBF),cerebral vascular resistance(CVR),peripheral blood flow(PBF),peripheral vascular resistance(PVR),blood pressure(SDP and DBP) and heart rate(HR) were measured using the MF-27 electromagnetic flowmeter.Results ASS(15 and 30 mg?kg~(-1) iv perfusion for 60 min) augmented CBF and PBF,decreased CVR and PVR within 180 min and slowed down HR at 60-180 min.In addition,ASS(30 mg?kg~(-1) iv perfusion for 60 min) could obviously reduce SBP and DBP.Conclusion Protective effect of ASS on experimental cerebral ischemia may be related to improving cerebral circulation and increasing cerebral blood supplyment.

Objective To observe the mechanism of action of panax quinquefolium diolsaponins (PQDS) on anti-ventricular remodeling in rats. Methods The model of pressure-loading ventricular remodeling was established through the method of rat’s abdominal aorta deligation. The male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups,including sham operation group,remodeling model group,Benazepril group,and low and high dose groups of PQDS. The rats were treated with PQDS (with dose of 50 and 100 mg?kg-1 i.g) for 6 weeks. The rats in sham operation group and remodeling model group were treated with normal sodium (with dose of 10 mL?kg-1?d-1 i.g) for 6 weeks. The rats in masculine medicine group were treated by Benazepril (with dose of 10 mg?kg-1 i.g) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks of treatment,myocardial morphological parameters,the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum,the contents of prostacycline (PGI2),thromboxane A2 (TXA2),nitric oxide (NO) and angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) in plasma were determined. At the same time,the contents of endothelium (ET) in plasma and myocardium were also determined. Results Compared with remodeling model group,the ventricular weight and cardiac coefficient were decreased significantly in the rats treated with PQDS (P0.05). Conclusion PQDS has protective effects on ventricular remodeling through increasing anti-oxidase activity,reducing the damage of free radicals and vasoactive substance on myocardium and correcting disequilibrium of PGI2/TXA2 in ventricular remodeling etc.

Aim To study the anti-tumor effect of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol(PPD)at different concentration on human liver cell line SMMC-7721 in vivo and in vitro.Methods The subcutaneous transplantable tumor model of human liver cancer in nude mice was established and the anti-tumor effect was calculated.Cell growth rate was determined with MTT assay.The apoptosis was analyzed by FITC-AnnexinⅤ/PI and Hoechst33342 staining method,and the activity of Caspase-3 was detected.Results In vivo,PPD could obviously inhibit the growth of transplanted tumor.In vitro,PPD induced inhibition of human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells was time-dependent and dose-dependent.The apoptotic body was observed by Hoechst33342 staining.PPD could induce cell apoptosis of SMMC-7721,and the increase of Caspase-3 activity was observed in each PPD group.Conclusion PPD could inhibit the growth of human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells in vivo and in vitro by up-regulating the activity of Caspase-3 and inducing the cell apoptosis.