ObjectiveTo observe the preventative and therapeutical effect on bile pigment calculus of Jinqianduizuo Mixture which is a traditional Chinese medicine empirical formula and provide foundation for the therapy of cholelithiasis. MethodUsing the model of bile pigment calculus in guinea pigs. Observing the gall bladder’s shape,the rate of forming gallstone and the total bile. Then making biochemical determination of the bile and the blood serum. Result There are significant differences between model control group and three treated groups of Jinqianduizuo Mixture in the rate of forming gallstone,the bilious quantity,the contents of total bilirubin and total bile acids. While in the contents of direct bilirubin,total cholesterol,triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins,they have no significant difference. ConclusionThe results indicate that Jinqianduizuo Mixture can conspicuously cut down the gallstone’s incidence of guinea pigs and can obviously promote the bilious externalization in guinea pigs. It also can promote bile secretion distinctly,but have no evident effect on the ingredients of blood-lipid.

[Objective] To elucidate the effects and mechanism of Naoqingling Decoction(ND)on Gilles de la Tourette syndrome(TS).[Method] Central nervous system of mice was stimulated by amphetamine(AMP)to develop the model of experimental tourette syndrome(ETS).Then we observed the stereotypia and autonomic activities of mice,and determined the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine(DA),norepinephrine(NE),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)in the brains.[Result] To compare with model group,three-dose ND groups can resist the determinate activities stimulated by AMP;can obviously decrease the autonomic activities of mice and degrade the levels of DA,NE,5-HT and 5-HIAA in the corpora striates.[Conclusion] ND has therapeutical effect on ETS model and it's mechanism may be its effects on the secretion or metabolism of neurotransmitter in the brains.

[Objective] To discuss mechanism of FS-1272 eye drops on cataract of rats induced by D-galactose.[Method]By using the model of cataract of rats induced by D-galactose to determine the content of SOD,CAT,GSH-px,MDA in lens.[Result]FS-1272 eye drops can increase the activities of SOD,CAT,GSH-px and decrease the content of MDA.[Conclusion]FS-1272 eye drops have the effect of delaying the generation and development of cataract by alleviating the extent of oxidative injury of lens.

A 65-year-old man with right central type of lung squamous carcinoma was admitted to our department. Bronchoscopy displayed complete obstruction of right upper lobe bronchus and inifltration of the bronchus intermedius with tumor. Chest contrast computed tomography revealed the tumor invaded right pulmonary artery, superior vena cava, and the persistant letf superior vena cava lfowed into the coronary sinus. hTe tumor was successfully removed by means of bronchial and pulmonary artery sleeve resection of the right upper and middle lobes combined with resection and reconstruction of superior vena cava (SVC) utilizing ringed polytetralfuoroethylene gratf. To the best of our knowledge, this was the ifrst report of complete resection of locally advanced lung cancer involving superior vena cava, right pulmonary artery trunk and main bronchus with persistant letf superior vena cava.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of permanent tooth caries and associated factors among junior high school students in Haikou, and to provide reliable evidence for prevention and control of caries. Methods: A total of 3 573 students from 8 junior high school in Haikou City and towns were selected by the methods of clustered sampling survey. Questionnaire survey and oral health examinations were conducted to analyze the caries rate, mean decayed missing filled tooth (DMFT), filling rate, pit and fissure sealant rate. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of caries in permanent tooth. Results: Among the surveyed junior high school students, the caries rate was 47.32%( n =1 691), the mean DMFT was 1.51. The caries rate and mean DMFT were higher in female students (49.59%) than in male students (44.95%), and higher in towns (50.77%) than in urban areas (44.04%), the difference were statistically significant ( χ 2=16.25, 7.72, P <0.05). The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate among junior high school students in Haikou were 17.13%, 6.27% respectively. The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate were higher in urban areas (18.97%, 7.17%) than towns (15.76%, 5.33%), the difference were statistically significant ( χ 2= 9.57, 5.13, P <0.05). The multivariate Logistic analysis showed that female student, town residence, daily consumption of sweets or sugary drinks (≥1 time), bedtime snack were risk factors for junior high school students suffering from permanent dental caries( OR =1.41, 1.45, 2.63, 2.09, 1.53), while using fluoride toothpaste daily, oral education in school were protective factors( OR =0.44, 0.34)( P <0.05). Conclusion The caries rate of permanent teeth among junior high school students in Haikou is at high level, but the filling rate of caries and pit and fissure sealant rate are lower. The prevention and treatment of dental caries should be carried out in high risk students, and oral health education in school is also needed to improve the oral health level of junior high school students.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEAtelectasis is a common complication after thoracotomy, and it may threaten patients' life if it was not treated correctly and properly. The aim of this article is to explore and discuss the prevention and treatment for atelectasis during the perioperative period, and also to explore new methods for reducing the perioperative mortality due to atelectasis after thoracotomy.

METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 374 lung cancer patients who underwent thoracotomy in our department between Jan 2007 and Nov 2009.

RESULTSAtelectasis occurred in 14 patients among all the 374 lung cancer patients who underwent thoracotomy. All the atelectasis returned to reexpansion after treatment.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of atelectasis in these series is relatively low compared with the reports in literatures. Good perioperative preparation and perioperative treatment can remarkably decrease the incidence and mortality of atelectasis after thoracotomy in the treatment of lung cancer.

Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracotomy ; adverse effects ; methods

BACKGROUNDScreening metastatic-related genes of lung cancer is helpful to understand the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer invasion and metastasis. In order to screen the differential expression genes related to metastasis of lung cancer, we constructed and preliminarily screened the subtracted cDNA libraries of human large cell lung cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials in this study.

METHODSSubtracted cDNA library was constructed in the different metastastic potential cell lines NL9980 and L9981 by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. The positive clones were preliminarily screened by blue-white colony based on the α-complementary principal, and precisely identified by PCR. The forward and reverse subtracted libraries were screened and identified by dot blot to obtain the clones corresponding to differential expression segments.

RESULTSThe subtracted cDNA libraries were successfully constructed in the different metastastic potential cell lines NL9980 and L9981. Three hundred and seven positive clones in the forward subtracted library and 78 positive clones in the reverse subtracted library were obtained by the dot blot method.

CONCLUSIONSSSH is proved to be an efficient tool for differential expression gene cloning. The forward and reverse subtracted cDNA libraries of different metastastic potential cell lines are constructed by this method. The differential expression genes related to tumor metastasis might exist in the human large cell lung cancer cell lines with different metastasis potential.

BACKGROUNDRas to MAPK pathway plays a critical role in the transmission of many growth and developmental signals. A new component of this pathway which is termed kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) was found in 1995. KSR is as a scaffolding protein that coordinates the assembly of a multiprotein complex containing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and its upstream regulators. It has been proven that KSR has many phosphorylation sites, and phosphorylation state changes response to signaling events. Site-directed mutagenesis can precisely change the base sequence and get mutant proteins. The aim of this study is to construct two mutant proteins of KSR by using site-directed mutagenesis, and to express and purify them, therefore to provide basement for studying the functional and biochemical mechanisms of KSR.

METHODSSite-directed mutagenesis of pCMV-Tag2b-KSR gene was performed by modified QuikChangtm site-directed mutagenesis kit method. Two pairs of mutagenic primers were synthesized in vitro and two mutations desired, the recombinant plasmids were verified by restriction enzyme analysis and DNA sequencing. Then positive clones were transfected into 293T cell line. The purified mutant proteins were analyzed by Western blot.

RESULTSTwo mutants were successfully constructed. The results of DNA sequencing confirmed that the base sequences of the mutant genes were completely concordant with experiment design, which could be used to be transfected into 293T cell line. The purified mutants were identified by Western blot.

CONCLUSIONSTwo mutant KSR genes are successfully constructed. It provides experimental basement for further functional research of KSR.

BACKGROUNDThe present experimental data have showed that the function of kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) is mainly as a scaffold protein that coordinates the assembly of a multiprotein complex containing MAPK and its upstream regulators. But whether KSR has kinase activity is still the point of argument until now. The aim of this study is to construct eukaryotic expression vectors of carboxyl terminus and amino terminus of KSR and to detect their expression in 293T cell line.

METHODSN-KSR and C-KSR were amplified by PCR. The eukaryotic expression vectors of pCMV-Tag2b-N-KSR and pCMV-Tag2b-C-KSR were constructed by gene recombination technique and the recombinant plasmids were verified by restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing. Then positive clones were transfected into 293T cell line. Expression of target proteins was analyzed by Western blot.

RESULTSThe sequences and open read frames of the two vectors were both completely concordant with experiment design. The target proteins could be observed in transfected 293T cells by Western blot.

CONCLUSIONSEukaryotic expression vectors of pCMV-Tag2b-N-KSR and pCMV-Tag2b-C-KSR are successfully constructed, and they can be expressed in 293T cells. It provides an experimental base for further research work.

BACKGROUNDPrevious researches have proven that nm23-H1 gene is a tumor metastatic suppressor gene, however, it is still unknown about its exact molecular mechanisms. Site-directed mutagenesis can correctly change the base sequence and get mutant proteins. The aim of this study is to construct nm23-H1 mutant and EGFP fusion genes by site-directed mutagenesis, and to provide basement for studying the functional and biochemical mechanisms of nm23-H1 gene.

METHODSSite-directed mutagenesis of nm23-H1 gene was performed by modified QuikChange™ Site-directed Mutagenesis Kit method. Pure plasmid containing fusion gene of nm23-H1 and EGFP (PLXSN-nm23-H1-EGFP) was mini-prepared. Four pairs of mutagenic primers were synthesized in vitro and the desired five mutations, S44A, P96S, H118F, S120G and P96S-S120G were introduced into nm23-H1-EGFP fusion gene by PCR.

RESULTSFive nm23-H1 mutant and EGFP fusion genes, nm23-H1(S44A)-EGFP, nm23-H1(P96S)-EGFP, nm23-H1 (H118F)-EGFP, nm23-H1(S120G)-EGFP and nm23-H1(P96S-S120G)-EGFP, were successfully constructed. The results of DNA sequencing confirmed that the base sequences of the mutant fusion genes were completely concordant with experiment design.

CONCLUSIONSFive nm23-H1 mutant and EGFP fusion genes are successfully constructed, which can be used in further studies. QuikChange™ site-directed mutagenesis is a simple, rapid and efficient method.