Objective To explore the features of sex hormones and insulin resistance and to analyse the relation between these features and ultrasonographic data in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) .Methods 120 patients with PCOS diagnosed and treated in hospital from April 2010 to December 2013 were enrolled as PCOS group ,and 50 healthy persons as control group ,in both groups ,ovarian stromal area(SA) ,ovarian total area(TA) and SA/TA ratio were measured by ultrasonography ,and serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) ,luteinizing hormone(LH) ,LH/FSH ratio ,estradiol(E2) ,testosterone(TESTO) ,and prolactin(PRL) were assayed .Fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and fasting insulin(FIN) were measured ,and homeostasis model as‐sessment for insulin resistance(HOMA‐IR)was calculated in the PCOS group .Results the serum levels of LH ,LH/FSH ratio , TESTO ,SA ,and SA/TA ratio in the PCOS group were higher than that of the control group .SA and SA/TA ratio were correlated positively with LH ,LH/FSH ,TESTO ,and HOMA‐IR in the PCOS group .Conclusion sex hormones and insulin resistance were correlated with ultrasonographic data in the PCOS patients .