In order to determine whether the central mediator participates in the mechanism of the EP biphasic fever, the following experiments were carried out: 1. Effect of EP in different doses on the fever pattern; 2. Changes of the cAMP content in CSF and in plasma during the EP biphasic fever. The results obtained demonstrated: 1. After EP were given intravenously in different doses, different fever patterns were produced. 2. The cAMP contents in CSF were increased markedly in every phase of the EP biphasic fever compared with the normal control. These changes of the cAMP content were paralleled and correlated apparently with the body temperature. However, there Were no obvious changes of the cAMP content in plasma during the EP biphasic fever. It demonstrated that cAMP increased in CSF was synthesized and released by CNS for oneself. The authors deduced from above: The wave of body temperature may be related to the changes of cAMP in center during the EP biphasic fever. The fluctuation of cAMP content in the center caused the set-point to move up and down, and further caused the fluctuation of the body temperature and formed the biphasic fever.

With 28 of new zealand rabbits, following observations were carried out: effects of intravnnous admiaistration of naloxone, an antagonist of opiate receptor, (1) on the biphasie fever induced by endotoxin; (2) on the body temperature of the normal rabbits. The results obtained indicated: the biphasic fever, which was induced by endotoxin at a dose of 5?g/kg was not changed significantly by the pretreatment of naloxone. However, the body temperature of normal rabbit was decreased to-0.46℃ following the administration of naloxone. The authors suggest that the endogenous opioid peptides are not necessary in the pathogenesis of the endotoxin biphasic fever. However, they play probably some role in the maintaining of physiological body temperature of the rabbit.

Further study of the effect of monosodium glutamate on body temperature using rabbits as experimental model by repeatedly intravenous injection of MSG. The experimental results showed that the body temperature of rabbits were decreased significantly at a time of each day consecutively for three days with medium dose MSG(0.5g/kg/day) However, this effect was disappeared following the fourth administration of MSG a week later, and so did the fifth administration of MSG two weeks later. Those results suggested that the disappearance of decreased body temperature by MSG may be due to tolerance development after MSG was administrated repeatedly. The authors proposed two hypotheses of mechanisms for the development of MSG"tolerance". which would be investigated further.

Obesity is a severely public health problem the whole society faces, and it is correlated closely with many diseases, such as diabetesⅡ, hypertension, coronary heart disease,gallstone, and so on. Therefore it threatens people's survival quality severely. Obesity is a multiple-factor disease including genetic, metabolic and behavioral factor, and the gene is the main determining factor. With the development of molecular biology technique, people have founded several genes involved in obesity. Among these genes, the research on obese gene is the most profound. The protein leptin is the expression product of the obese gene. This review elucidates the structure, the main biological function, the mechanism of leptin and it's relationship with obesity.

A Review] The neuroendocrine-immunoregulatory network is fundamental to the maintenance of homeostasis. In this article, the authors present an overview of the role of neuroimmunoregulatory mechanism in the occurance and development of some diseases, which may have important therapeutic implication for the clinics.

0.05). CONCLUSION: The scent of camphor and perfume bas negative influence on the learning and memory ability in mice. This may be induced by reducing the phosphorylation of CREB protein. While the scent of apple has no effect on learning and memory ability and hippocampal CREB and pCREB expression.

AIM and METHODS: To investigate the antagonistic effects of polymyxin B(PMB) in combination with glycine(Gly) on the pyrogenicity of endotoxin(ET) in rabbits and the LD 50 of PMB in mice. RESULTS: (1)The antagonistic effect of PMB plus Gly was augmented and the optimal combination was PMB(30 000 U) plus Gly(15 mg) to ET(0.01 ?g); (2)The LD 50 of PMB with or without Gly were 8.38?10 4 U/kg and 6.06?10 4 U/kg in mice, respectively. CONCLUSION: The antagonistic effect of PMB plus Gly on ET showed synergnism and this combination could decrease the toxicity of PMB.

AIM:Scopolamine blocks cholinergic transmission and impairs learning and memory in mice．The purpose of this study was to evaluate the memory-improving properties of curcumin on scopolamine-induced memory im-pairment in mice．METHODS：The mice of memory impairment were induced by scopolamine．Step down test and Morris water maze test were used to observe the earning and memory ability in curcumin-treated ice．Biochemical assessments of AChE，MDA，and GSH-Px levels in brains were performed．RESULTS：Oral administration of curcumin ignificantly reduced the numbers of step-down rrors(P<0．05)and prolonged the step-down latency induced by scopolamine(P<0．05)．The escape latency time in mice treated with curcumin Was remarkably educed compared to that in scopolamine group by Morris water maze test(P<0．05)．After the platform was removed，the total time that the mice swam in the tar-get quadrant Was also longer in curcumin group than that in model group(P<0．05)．The data also indicated that curcumin significantly inhibited AChE ctivity(P<0．01)and prevented oxidative stress characterized by the significant reduction in MDA content and the significant increase in GSH-Px activities in the brain(P<0．01)．CONCLUSl0N：Curcumin in-duces cognitive improvement by enhancing the function of cholinergic system and its antioxidant activity．

AIM: To establish the cell model of hippocampal neurons impaired by the supernatant of microglia conditioned medium (MCM) induced by LPS, and to study the mechanisms of neuron damage and the protection effect of curcumin. METHODS: The microglia were activated and stimulated by LPS at concentration of 5 μg/L. The supernatant of activated MCM was used to stimulate the hippocampal neurons. The morphology of the neurons was observed under light microscope and the survival rate was detected by MTT. The availability of respiration in the hippocampal neurons was determined by detecting the ratio of lactic acid/pyruvic acid, and the expression of 3 types of 1,4,5-inositol triphosphate (IP3R1, IP3R2, IP3R3) was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The hippocampal neurons were damaged severely by the supernatant of activated MCM, and the morphology of the neurons changed significantly. Compared to control group, the ratio of lactic acid/pyruvic acid in MCM group was elevated and the expression levels of IP3R1 and IP3R3 in the hippocampal neurons were significantly increased. The ratio of lactic acid/pyruvic acid and the expression of IP3R1 in curcumin+MCM group were evidently lower than those in MCM group. However, no effect of curcumin on IP3R3 expression was observed, the changes of neural morphology was also ameliorated in curcumin+MCM group. CONCLUSION: Curcumin protects rat hippocampal neurons from damage induced by LPS-induced microglia condition medium.

AIM:To study the expression of glycine receptorα1 subunit in neonatal rat myocardial cells and to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hypoxia/reoxygenation, isoproterenol (ISO) and high concentration of glucose (HG) on the expression of glycine receptorα1 subunit in the neonatal rat myocardial cells.METHODS:Neonatal rat myocardial cells were cultured in vitro.The expression of glycine receptorα1 subunit was detected by Western blotting. The neonatal rat myocardial cells were treated with LPS (20 mg/L), ISO (100 μmol/L) or high concentration of glucose (25 mmol/L) for 24 h, or were exposed to hypoxia for 3 h followed by reoxygenation for 3 h.Subsequently, the cell viabil-ity was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the expression of glycine receptorα1 subunit was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS:The expression of glycine receptor α1 subunit in the neonatal rat myocardial cells was positively detectable by Western blotting.Compared with control group, no significant difference of the cell viability ( P>0.05) in LPS group, ISO group, hypoxia/reoxygenation group and HG group was observed.The expression of glycine receptor α1 subunit was in-creased (P<0.01) in LPS group, ISO group and hypoxia/reoxygenatio group, but decreased (P<0.01) in HG group. CONCLUSION:Glycine receptorα1 subunit exists in the neonatal rat myocardial cells.A certain concentration of LPS or ISO, or hypoxia/reoxygenation for a certain period upregulate the expression of glycine receptorα1 subunit, but HG down-regulates the expression of glycine receptor α1 subunit in cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells.