An expanded-granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was set-up with artificial water by seeding a 60 d stored ANAMMOX sludge. The nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX enrichment culture in the reactor was determined. In addition, the main microbial populations and the relative abundance of ANAMMOX bacteria were investigated by molecular approaches. Results show that the maximum nitrogen removal rate was 3.0 kg-N·m(-3)·d(-1) after 185 d, and the ammonium and nitrite removal efficiencies were all over 85%. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene-cloning indicates that the main microbial population in the ANAMMOX enrichment culture was changed from Candidatus Brocadiafulgid and Candidatus Brocadia brasiliensis (0 day) to Candidatus Jettenia asiatica (185 day). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis shows that the relative abundance of ANAMMOX bacteria was increased from (57.69 ± 4.79)% to (83.32 ± 4.40)%. The results of qPCR further indicate that the gene copies of ANAMMOX bacteria in the granules were increased from 1.14 x 10(11) copies/g wet weight to 3.69 x 10(11) copies/g wet weight.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria ; classification ; Bioreactors ; microbiology ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Nitrites ; chemistry ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Sewage ; microbiology

Objective:To observe the effect of Weijinkang Oral Liquid on rats'models with siliconic nodules and the diffuse fibrosis of the lungs.Methods:45 rats were randomly divided into the blank group,dust-affected group,and treatment group.The rats in the blank group were fed in normal environment.The rats in the dust-affected group were given regular feed.The dust-affected rats in the treatment group were administrated 1.0mL/100g of Weijinkang condensed liquid in 30% by stomach perfusion,two times daily(33 times of human's dosage).Five of each group were killed and anatomized in turn on the 15th day,the 30th and the 90th day.Results:On the 90th day the pathological test showed massive cartilaginous changes projecting to the pulmonary surface in the dust-affected group.There was no abnormality of lungs in both treatment group and blank group.After receiving Weijinkang Oral Liquid the rats in the treatment group showed greater weights than those in the dust-affected group,and the weights of fresh and dehydrated lungs were lighter than those in dust-affected group.Conclusion:Weijinkang Oral Liquid had certain effect on siliconic nodules and the diffuse fibrosis of the lungs caused by pneumonoconiosis.

Objective:To collect and evaluate the information of literature on perimenopausal syndrome.Methods:The computer retrieval method supplemented by manual inspection of literature.Results:590 relevant documents were retrieved and among which 129 were comprehensively studied.Conclusion:The quality of the literature should be improved though there was an annual quantitive increase of the literature on perimenopausal syndrome in TCM.Great efforts should be made in this aspect.

Objective To evaluate whether flexible ambrosia,by which people can take special prebiotics instead of dining to alleviate their sense of hunger is a healthy, safe and effective weight loss method by analyzing the effects of flexible ambrosia on body weight, body composition, physiological and chemical indexes of young volunteers.Methods Young volunteers were tested on flexible ambrosia for seven days using special prebiotics instead of normal food.Body weight, waist circumference, body composition and blood biochemical indexes ( blood pressure, blood glucose, liver function, renal function, blood electrolyte, and blood lipid ) were measured and recorded before and after the test respectively.The volunteers′subjective feelings ( hunger, energy, fatigue, etc) were recorded during the test every day by way of e-form records.Results All volunteers of the flexible ambrosia test reduced their body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral fat index (VAI) and body fat rate (Fat,%)significantly (P<0.01)in seven days, while the body water rate, muscle mass, body protein and bone did not significantly change or rise.There was no significant functional abnormity of the liver kidney, or blood electrolytes and blood lipid.All volunteers were in good physical condition, high-spirited and slept well, high quality sleep, without any obvious hunger and fatigue response in seven days.Conclusion Flexible ambrosia seems to be a healthy, safe and effective method, and provides an important scientific basis and reference for weight loss in the military.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.