Objective To illustrate the chest radiography and MSCT findings of measles pneumonia in adults. Methods One hundred and sixty three measles patients underwent chest radiography, MSCT was performed in 3 of them. Measles pneumonia was confirmed in 10 patients (6.13%). Results Eight of 10 patients had abnormal appearances in initial chest radiography. The characteristic chest radiographic findings were ground-glass opacities (n=6) and bronchial wall thickening (n=2). MSCT showed bilateral multiple ground-glass opacities in 1 patient,unilateral patchy ground-glass opacities with lobular distribution in the right upper lung in 2 patients. Conclusions Familiarizing with radiographic and MSCT appearances of measles pneumonia in adults is very important for the differential diagnosis and appropriate management of measles pneumonia. Normal initial chest radiography cannot exclude the involvement of the lungs.

Objective To analyze the molecular characteristics of human pathogenic avian influenza A H7N9 virus.Methods The gene sequences of avian influenza A H7N9 virus (30 human-originated and 15 avian-originated) isolated in Zhejiang province from 2013 to 2015 were downloaded from Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data ( GISAID), and then the evolution characteristics, the sites related to receptor binding, virulence and drug resistance of H7N9 virus were analyzed by MEGA 6.0 software. Results There were minor differences in HA and NA genes between human H7N9 virus strains and poultry reference strains in Zhejiang province with the homology of 98.0%-100.0% and 97.4%-100.0%, respectively.Viral amino acid variation showed that 30 representative strains had mutations at 226 (Q226L/I) and 186(G186V) sites in HA protein, and all strains isolated from 2015 had A134V mutation;one strain had R294K mutation in NA gene;19 strains had E627K mutation in PB2 and 2 strains had D701N mutation;mutation S31N was found in M2 gene in all isolates; and all HA cleavage sites were PEIPKGR↓GLF, indicating low pathogenic strain.Conclusions The homology of HA and NA genes is high between poultry reference strains and human H7N9 virus strains in Zhejiang province during 2013 and 2015.Strains have some significant mutations of amino acid in HA and NA protein.All isolates show ion channel inhibitors ( Amantadine) resistance, and some isolates show resistance mutations with neuraminidase inhibitors.

Objective: To investigate the ratios of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+,CD4+CD8+ regulative T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients, and explore the association with disease active stage,nephropathy,serum anti-ds-DNA antibody,and both IgG and C3 levels. Methods: The percentage of CD4+CD25+T cells and CD4+CD8+T cells of peripheral blood from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)(30 females and 7 males),30 rheumatism controls and 30 normal individuals were measured by flowcytometry. Results: Patients with active disease had statisitically lower levels of CD4+CD25+T cells than did normal controls(P

Human avian-origin influenza A (H7N9)virus is a novel subtype of avian influenza A virus,which firstly emerged at the end of March 2013 in Shanghai and Anhui province.It rapidly spread in China within a short time,causing high morbidity and mortality,arousing fear and panic in public,and attracting extensive attention worldwide.The analysis of human H7N9 avian influenza virus gene shows a high affinity for α-2,6-linked sialic acid receptors expressed on human respiratory epithelial cells.At present,the sporadic cases of human H7N9 avian influenza virusare occasionally reported with an epidemic peaksat winter and spring.This article reviews clinical features,epidemiology and genetic characteristics of H7N9 avian influenza virus,proving scientific evidences foreffective prevention and control of H7N9 virus infection.

Objectives To investigate the ratios of peripheral blood CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD25+ regulative T cells, and explore the association with hepatic damnification and anti-AMA-M2 antibodies.Methods The percentage of CD4+CD8+T cells and CD4+CD25+T cells in peripheral blood from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) (n=27)、26 patients with other hepatic desease、30 normal individuals were measured by flowcytometry.Results Patients with PBC had statistically higher levels of CD4+CD25+T cells than the patients with other hepatic disease (P

Objective To detect the value of autoantibedy profile in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Methods 96 serum samples of patients with primiary biliary cirrhosis, 100 serum samples of other antoimmune disease and 49 serum samples of healthy were tested for anti- M2, anti-3E(BPO), anti-Sp100,anti-PML,anti-gp210,anti-LKM-1 ,anti-LC-1 ,anti-SLA/LP by EUROLine. Results The positive of the anti-M2,anti-BPO, anti-Sp100, anti-PML and anti-gp210 for PBC was 76. 0%, 84.4%, 32. 3%, 28. 1% and 35.4% ,respectively. The positive of the anti-M2, anti-BPO, anti-Sp100, anti-PML and anti-gp210 for other autoimmune disease was 13.0% ,9. 0% ,3.0% ,2.0% and 1. 0%, respectively. The sensitivity of the anti-M2 for PBC was 76. 0% ,with specificity of 87. 0%. The sensitivity of the anti-BPO for PBC was 84. 4%, with specificity of 91.0% ;the sensitivity of the anti-Sp100 for PBC was 32. 3%, with specificity of 97.0%. The sensitivity of the anti-PML for PBC was 28. 1% ,with specificity of 98.0%. The sensitivity of the anti-gp210 for PBC was 35.4%, with specificity of 99. 0% . Anti-LKM-1, anti-LC-1, anti-SLA/LP positive patients with PBC were not detected;the incidence rate of liver function failure in anti-gp210 positive serum higher than anti-gp210 negative serum (χ2 = 11.17, P < 0. 01). Conclusions Multiple autoantibedies can be detected in the sera of PBC patients. The detection of autoantibody profile is useful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PBC, and may he helpful for therapy and prognosis of PBC.

Objective To clone and express the human asialoglycoprotein receptor(ASGPR) H1 subunit, purify and identify the immunoreactivity of the recombinant protein, and establish the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect anti-ASGPR antibodies in diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Methods The CRDHI cDNA (435 bp) was subcloned into eukaryotic vector PEGH, and the recombinant protein expression was induced by D (+)-Galactose. The recombinant CRDH1 was purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B, and its immunoreactivity was identified by SDS-PAGE and western blot as well as MALDI-TOF. ELISA was established to detect the anti-ASGPR antibodies in serum samples of 45 patients with AIH, 30 patients with SLE, 30 patients with RA, 10 patients with SS and 30 normal controls. Results The sequencing of recombinant plasmid showed the CRDH1 gene was successfully inserted to the eukaryotic expression vector with correct sequence and open reading frame. The fusion protein showed a molecular weight of 42 500 Da on SDS-PAGE gel and confirmed to be the human ASGPR by MALDI-MS through peptide mass fingerprint analysis with Mascot in human protein database. It shared 98. 34% homology with ASGPR H1 subunit. Western blot analysis showed that the fusion protein had the same immunoreactivity as human ASGPR. The results of ELISA indicated that the positive rate of anti-ASGPR was 35.6% ( 16/45 ), but the ELISA was negative in other control. There was significant difference of positivity of the autoantibodies between AIH and non-AIH controls (χ2 = 31.85,P < 0. 01 ). Conclusions The human plasmid containing ASGPR is successfully clone into Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y258. The recombinant autoantigen owns good antigenicity and specificity. ELISA established with the purified protein shows good specificity for diagnosis of AIH.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the PTPN22 gene polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods Real time fluorescent quantitation PCR was used to detect the 1123G＞C polymorphism of the PTPN22 gene from 200 RA patients,100 others rheumatic diseases and 200 the normal controls.The results were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 software.Results The CC genotype frequencies of RA patients.others rheumatic diseases and the normal controls were 0.120,0.020 and 0.015 respectively.There was a significant difiefence between BA patients and others rheumatic diseases (X=18.708.P＜0.01).1'here Wag a significant difference between RA patients and the normal controls(X2=24.337,P＜0.01).There was not statistically significant between others rheumatic diseases and the normal controls(X2=1.066,P＞0.05).The C allele frequency of RA patients,others rheumatic diseases and the normal controls were 0.360.0.190 and 0.215 respectively.The results were significant difference.Conclusion The PTPN22 gene could be one of predisposing genes and the therapeutic target genes with RA patients.

Objective To study the relationship between the expression of eostimulating factor B7-H4 in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and the pathogenesis of PBC. Methods The expression of B7-H4 mRNA on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of 65 patients with PBC was tested by real-time PCR. Serum levels of IL-2 were assayed by ELISA. CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes expression level and B7-H4 expression rate before and after activation were measured by three-color flow cytometry (FCM). Re-sults (1) Expression of B7-H4 mRNA and BT-H4 percentage in PBC group were significantly lower than that in none-PBC group and healthy controls(P<0.01);(2)After 72 h activation, the percentage of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+ CD8+T lymphoeytes and serum levels of IL-2 decreased (P<0.05), and the percentage of CD4+, CD4+ CD8+T lymphocytes and serum levels of IL-2 were significantly higher than that of none-PBC group and healthy controls(P<0.01);(3)Levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate amin-otransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT) of patients with posi-tive anti-mitochondrial antibody(AMA)-M2 rose. There was no significant difference of B7-H4 expressions on T cells between patients either with or without AMA-M2 antibody. Conclusion The costimulating factor B7-H4 can express on T lymphocytes which is activated by phytohemagglatinin(PHA) aad plays a negative role on T cells responses.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of combined measurement of antiperinuclear neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)and anti-saccharomyees cerevisia antibody(ASCA)for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients and difierentiation of Crohn's disease(CD)with ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods A total of 159 patients with IBD(97 UC,62 CD),167 patients with other non-IBD gastrointestinal conditions(NIBDC)and 25 healthy controls(HC)were recruited in our research.ASCA and ANCA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and indirect immunofluorescence assay.respectively.Results The prevalence of ASCA-IsA or IgG in CD group,UC group,NIBDC and HC were43.5%,14.4%,29.3%and 0,respectively.The prevalence of ASCA-IgA or IgG in CD group were higher than those in other groups(X2=16.76 or 4.12,P＜0.01 or＜0.05).The prevalence of ANCA in CD group.UC group,NIBDC and HC were 8.1%,56.7%,4.8%and 0,respectively.The prevalence of AMA in UC group were much higher than those in other groups(X2=38.08 or 90.47,P＜0.01).The sensitivity specificity and positive predictive value(PPV)in ASCA+/ANCA-were 40.3%.93.8% and 80.6%,respectively,and in ANCA+/ASCA-were 48.5%,98.4% and 97.9%,respectively.Condusions ASCA or ANCA testing alone are not sensitive enoulgh for diagnosing CD and UC,but their combination asses are specific for differential diagnosis between CD and UC.Combined testing of ASCA-IgA with IgG can improve the sensitivity in screening CD patients.The ASCA positive pattern in Chinese CD group are correlated with surgery.