Objective To evaluate the physiological variables,which precisely and reliably reflected the effect of emergency fluid therapy for severely traumatized patients, in order to set up the ultimate criteria of optimal goal in fluid resuscitation. Method A total of 149 patients with severe trauma were given fluid resuscitation and were stratified into 3 groups with different severities of trauma as per ISS (injury severity score) and APACHE Ⅱ . Of all patients, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), oxygen saturation of arterial blood (SaO2), blood gas analysis, arterial blood lactate (ABL), oxygen saturation of central venous blood (SCVO2) or oxygen saturation of mixed venous blood (SVC2), urine output, base excess (BE) and oxygenation index (OI = PaO2/FiO2) were measured and calculated. These variables were compared between groups to find out the significant differences and the relationship to response time to fluid therapy as well as complications and outcomes. Results Within 24 hours of fluid resuscitation, 127 patients reached the therapeutic goal in respect of systemic hemodynamics improved including the variables of SBP, HR and urine output, and the optimal goal of fluid therapy in 112 patients was estimated with cellular oxygen available found in the levels of ABL, BE and OI measured. These two sets of criteria (clinical signs vs laboratory findings) for determining the therapeutic goal showed significant difference in length of time taken for reaching the goal of treatment ( P < 0.05). There were significant differences in APACHE Ⅱ scores between those reaching the therapeutic goal within 24 hours and those taking longer time over 24 hours reaching the therapeutic goal or the death (P < 0.01). The duration of persistence in abnormal systemic hemody-namics and laboratory findings was longer in patients with complications or injured to death than that in survivors (P <0.05 -0.01). Conclusions In addition to the stability of vital signs, tissue perfusion and cellular oxy-genation should be taken as ultimate criteria of successful fluid resuscitation for severely traumatized patients judged by means of measuring the ABL, BE and OI variables.

Objective To investigate a special optimization technique for computer aided measure, and provide anatomical basis for screw internal fixation in the cavitas glenoidalis through the coracoid process of scapula. Methods Thirty accurate scapula models were reconstructed from CT data sets. First, special optimization objective function was designed for single screw internal fixation configuration, and the optimal placement of screw was found automatically under constraints. Then, the placements of double screws internal fixation configuration were searched taking advantage of principal component analysis. Finally, statistical measure data were provided according to new anatomical reference landmarks for clinical use. Results For single screw internal fixation configuration, the distance from the optimal screw entry point P to the acromion process point X was (39.15±2.28) mm, to the coracoid process point Y was (28.66±2.68) mm, to the angulus superior point Z was (61.13±6.57) mm;The angle was (81.27±7.15)° between PX and PY, and (133.27±6.84)° between PX and PZ. The mean inclination of the lag screw was (104.08±4.41)° for the angle with line PX, (101.29±3.51)° with line PY, and (76.23±5.03)° with line PZ. For double screws configuration, the distance from the original single screw entry point P to the screw entry point E was (5.12±1.37)mm,to the screw entry point F was (3.88±0.94)mm. The angle between the long axis of coracoid process and line EF was (27.41±3.51)°. Conclusion The automatic optimization technique for computer aided measure is very efficient and has many advantages over the conventional manual dissection methods, and is convenient to design new anatomical reference landmark system for clinical use.

BACKGROUND:Both high glucose and lipopolysaccharide have been proved to promote the apoptosis of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs), but their interactions on the HPLF apoptosis in vitro have not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and high glucose on the proliferation, apoptosis and the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 in HPLFs in vitro. METHODS:The primarily cultured HPLFs were identified. The 5-8 generations of HPLFs were col ected and used in the subsequent experiment. The HPLFs were cultured in different concentrations of glucose (5.5 and 25 mmol/L) and lipopolysaccharide (0, 1 and 10 mg/L) for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/L) could significantly inhibit the cel proliferation, promote the cel apoptosis, upregulate the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA and induce a significant decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the cel s cultured with 5.5 mmol/L glucose (P<0.05). The lipopolysaccharide-induced suppression of cel proliferation, cel apoptosis, the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA as wel as decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio were significantly strengthened in the HPLFs treated with 25 mmol/L glucose (P<0.05). Analysis of variance found that high glucose and lipopolysaccharide had a significant interaction on the cel apoptosis (P<0.05). These results reveal that lipopolysaccharide-induced suppression of cel proliferation, cel apoptosis and the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA are augmented in HPLFs cultured under high glucose condition, indicating lipopolysaccharide and high glucose interactively act in inducing cel apoptosis.

To investigate the clinical efficacy of sorafenib in the treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) and its effects on serum vascular endothelial growth factor receptor -2 (VEGFR -2) and placental growth factor (PLGF) levels.Methods A total of 110 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PHC who received treatment in Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from July 2014 to March 2016 were randomly and equally divided into observation group and control group .The control group was given routine treatment, while the observation group received sorafenib in addition to the routine treatment .Serum levels of VEGFR -2 and PLGF were measured by ELISA.Liver function parameters, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), prothrombin time (PT), total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (Alb), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were also recorded.Comparison of continuous data between groups was made by independent samples t -test, and the changes in continuous data after intervention in each group were evaluated by paired samples t -test.Comparison of categorical data between groups was made by chi -square test.Results The observation group showed significant reductions in serum VEGFR -2 and PLGF levels after treatment (VEGFR -2: 7053.2 ±1836.1 ng/L vs 8721.4 ±2427.8 ng/L, t =4.089, P <0.001; PLGF: 468.4 ±136.5 pg/ ml vs 656.8 ±191.4 pg/ml, t =5.975, P <0.001).After treatment, the observation group had significantly lower serum VEGFR -2 and PLGF levels than the control group (VEGFR -2: 7053.2 ±1836.1 ng/L vs 8097.5 ±2325.4 ng/L, t =2.64, P <0.05; PLGF: 468.4 ± 136.5 pg/ml vs 643.3 ±195.8 pg/ml, t =2.48, P <0.05).The observation group showed significant changes in serum AST and ALT lev - els after treatment (t =4.302 and 3.097, both P <0.05).After treatment, the observation group had significantly lower serum AST and ALT levels than the control group (t =2.56 and 2.39, both P <0.05).Compared with the control group, the observation group had better follow -up results, with a significantly increased disease control rate (27.3% vs 47.3% , χ2 =4.705, P =0.030), and had a significantly higher survival rate at 40 months after treatment (43.6% vs 69.1%, χ2 =7.245, P =0.007).Conclusion Sorafenib is effective in the treatment of PHC patients, as it can significantly reduce the serum levels of VEGFR -2 and PLGF, prolong the survival time of patients, and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods This was a multicenter,randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in the first 6 weeks and then followed by an open-labeled trial in the next 6 weeks. One hundred and forty-three patients of active AS were randomly assigned to receive 25 mg twice-weekly subcutaneous injections of rhTNFR:Fc or placebo for 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was proportion of ASAS20 responders at week 6. The secondary endpoints were the proportion of subjects achieving a BASDAI 20%, BASDAI 50% and BASDAI 70% improvement at week 6. Other secondary endpoints, related to reducing signs and symptoms of AS and improving range of motion and physical function, were evaluated.Results Treatment with rhTNFR:Fc resulted in significant improvement. At 6 weeks, 68% of the 71 patients in the rhTNFR: Fc group had a treatment response, as compared with 28% of those in the placebo group(P＜0.01). Improvements over base-line values for other measures of disease activity were significantly greater in the rhTNFR:Fc group, rhTNFR:Fc was well tolerated, The most frequently treatment related adverse event was injection site reaction. Conclusion rhTNFR:Fc has demonstrated consistent evidence of efficacy and is well tolerated in the treatment of active AS.

Objective The aim of this study was to investi-gate the changes of brain function in patients with drug-naive idiopath-ic epilepsy ( DNIE ) using resting-state functional MRI ( rs-fMRI ) amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation ( ALFF) , analyze the correlation of abnormal brain regions with the clinical variable ( disease course) , and gain a deeper insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of idiopathic epilepsy. Methods This study included 25 cases of DNIE (15 males and 10 females) and 34 cases of drug idiopathic epilepsy (DIE, 22 males and 12 females).Another 25 healthy volunteers matched with the DNIE patients in sex, age, education and handedness were recruited as normal controls.The rs-fMRI data obtained from all the subjects were processed, subjected to ALFF analysis, and compared among the DNIE, DIE, and nor-mal control groups.The correlation was evaluated between the ALFF statistical brain mapping and the course of disease. Results Obvious differences were found in ALFF among the DNIE, DIE and control subjects.Compared with the normal controls, the DNIE pa-tients showed increased ALFF in the right inferior temporal gyrus, right lingual gyrus and right cuneus, but decreased ALFF in the right insula, left hippocampus, right midbrain, right middle frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulated gyrus, left middle cingulate gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule.In comparison with the DIE patients, those of the DNIE group exhibited increased ALFF in the left inferior occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus and left middle occipital gyrus, but decreased ALFF in the right inferior frontal gyrus, left insula, right superior temporal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus.In the DNIE patients, the disease course was found to be correlated positively with ALFF in the right cerebellum posterior lobe, left cerebellar tonsil, right lingual gyrus, left orbital gyrus, left middle oc-cipital gyrus, left corpus callosum, left caudate nuclear, left superior frontal gyrus, left medial frontal gyrus, right precuneus and left middle frontal gyrus, but negatively with ALFF in the right parahippocampal, right superior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus and right post-central gyrus. Conclusion The ALFF of resting-state cerebral function is abnormal in DNIE patients.The correlation between ALFF and the clinical variable ( disease course) provides a new insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy.

Objective To explore the relationship between the orbital fat volume and the age,gender,orbital anteroposterior and transverse diameter in healthy person.Methods 210 healthy person (105 males and 105 females)were enrolled and equally divided into 7 groups according to the age.The area of the orbital fat,orbital anteroposterior and transverse diameter in all the above groups were measured in axial CT images.Then the volume of the orbital fat were computed using equation.The relationship between the orbital fat volume and the age,gender,orbital anteroposterior and transverse diameter were analyzed in the different gender and age groups.Results The volume of orbital fat was symmetrical in all age groups,and the mean fat volume of bilateral orbital was(18 957±4 143)mm3,in which adults (age＞20 years old)had the average orbital fat volume (20 340±3 514)mm3.The mean values of the orbital anteroposterior and transverse diameter were (5.16±0.37)mm and (3.74±0.23)mm,respectively.The orbital fat volume in male was greater than that in female in all age group,in addition,it was positively correlated with the age,orbital oranteroposterior and transverse diameter (P＜0.001).Conclusion The orbital fat volumes are associated with the age,gender,orbital anteroposterior and transverse diameter in healthy person.In addition,the orbital fat volume in male is greater than that in female.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of prenatal MRI in the detection of abnormal placental cord insertions (APCIs) comparing with prenatal ultrasound and pathological examination.Methods:A retrospective data collection was conducted on 440 patients who underwent both prenatal placental ultrasound and MRI at the Foshan Women and Children Hospital from December 2013 to December 2021. Among them, 37 cases were APCIs confirmed by surgery or pathology. The prenatal placental MRI findings were analyzed and compared with prenatal ultrasound diagnosis. The diagnostic efficacy of prenatal MRI and ultrasound in diagnosing APCIs was calculated.Results:Among the 37 cases of APCIs confirmed by surgery or pathology, 17 cases had marginal cord insertion (MCI), 13 cases had velamentous cord insertion (VCI), 5 cases had vasa previa (VP), and 2 cases had VCI combined with VP. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound diagnosis for APCIs were 59.5% (22/37) and 97.8% (394/403), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI diagnosis for APCIs were 86.5% (32/37) and 98.5% (397/403), respectively. Among the 37 cases of APCIs, prenatal MRI missed diagnosis of 2 cases of MCI, 2 cases of VCI, and misdiagnosed 1 case of VCI as an accessory placenta. MRI identified 10 cases of APCIs missed by ultrasound, including 5 cases of MCI, 2 cases of VP, 2 cases of VCI, and 1 case of combined VCI with VP. Additionally, ultrasound misdiagnosed 4 cases of APCIs, including 2 cases of VCI misdiagnosed as MCI and 2 cases of MCI misdiagnosed as VCI.Conclusions:For APCIs complicated with abnormalities of placental location or morphology, or placental accretion spectrum disease in late pregnancy, MRI has a higher diagnostic efficacy than ultrasound.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of bladder recurrence in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (upper tract urothelial carcinoma, UTUC).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data of 815 patients underwent radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma between June 2009 to June 2019.There were 519 males and 340 females, aged from 26-93 years old(average 66.5±9.6 years old). 396 patients were renal pelvic caicinoma.463 patients were ureteral caicinoma.675 patients were accompanied with hydronephrosis.664 patients were accompanied with preoperative gross hematuria. Preoperative diagnostic ureteroscopy was performed in 323 cases.283 patients had the history of smoking.48 patients were con-comitant with bladder carcinoma at the first diagnosis. Univariate analysis and logistic multivariate regression analysis were used to investigate the risk factors for bladder recurrence after UTUC radical surgery.Results:Among the 859 patients, 407 (47.4%) had low-stage tumor (T is/T a/T 1), 452 (52.6%) had high-stage tumor (T 2-T 4), 110 (12.8%) had low-stage tumor (G 1/G 2), and 749 (87.2%) had high-stage tumor (G 3). 126 (17.2%) of 859 patients had relapse during the follow-up period, the average follow-up time was 17 months, the median recurrence time was 12 months, 101(80.1%) of the relapse occurred within 2 years after operation. In univariate analysis, lower tumor stage ( P=0.047), higher tumor grade ( P=0.043), preoperative hematuria symptom ( P=0.023) and preoperative diagnostic ureteroscopy ( P=0.002) were closely related to bladder recurrence. Taking the above factors into the logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that tumor staging T is/T s/T 1 ( B=0.476, P=0.019), tumor grade G 3( B=0.848, P=0.024), preoperative hematuria symptom ( B=0.521, P=0.048), preoperative diagnostic ureteroscopy( B=0.521, P=0.002) were independent risk factors of postoperative recurrence of bladder. Conclusion:lower tumor stage, higher tumor grade, preoperative hematuria symptom and preoperative diagnostic ureteroscopy are the independent risk factors of postoperative bladder recurrence in patients with UTUC. Routine intravesical chemotherapy should be performed in patients with UTUC with the above risk factors, and routine diagnostic ureteroscopy is not recommended.

Objective To study the biomechanical properties of porous titanium cages used for different lumbar interbody fusion surgeries. Methods The three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the lumbar spine was constructed, and mechanical parameters of porous materials were obtained by mechanical test. The biomechanical properties of porous titanium cages in anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), direct lateral interbody fusion (DLIF) were compared. Results After lumbar interbody surgery, the predicted range of motion (ROM) and the maximum stress in cage of DLIF model and ALIF model were substantially lower than those of PLIF model and TLIF model. The maximum stress in endplate of DLIF model, ALIF model and TLIF model were obviously lower than that of PLIF model. Conclusions DLIF with the porous cage showed advantages in biomechanical properties, which was simple to operate and suitable for minimally invasive surgery in clinical practice. DLIF performed the superior comprehensive properties.