Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) may progress to ankle arthritis needing ankle arthroplasty or arthrodesis. We report five cases of OLTs treated along the principles developed for chondrogenesis of the knee joint with autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), resulting in repair and regeneration of the bone and cartilage components. Improvement in Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS) scores with minimum two years follow-up showed statistical significance (p < 0.05).

The treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy (CAT) remains challenging. We report three cases of CAT treated with autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), following principles developed for chondrogenesis of the knee joint. Outcome measurement with a minimum of one and a half years follow-up showed significant improvement of Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles questionnaire (VISA-A) scores, with reduction of tendon thickness and inflammation on MRI scan.

End-stage ankle arthritis represents an “unmet medical need”, awaiting an appropriate time for joint arthroplasty or arthrodesis. We report three cases of end-stage ankle arthritis treated along the principles developed for chondrogenesis of the knee joint with autologous peripheral blood stem cells, resulting in reversal of the ankle arthritis. The improvement in clinical outcome measure scores (Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale total score) with a minimum two-year follow-up were comparable to total ankle replacement (TAR), arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis (AAA) and open ankle arthrodesis (OAA).