Background : Activities of Daily Living (ADL) refer to the essential self-care tasks necessary for independent living. A 2021 study conducted in France by researchers Axelle Kostenobel and Wierle Knoop found that the loss of independent functioning is a syndrome of physiological decline, with 60% of post-surgical patients experiencing a reduction in their independence. In Mongolia, there is limited research on the ability of post-surgical patients to perform daily activities independently. Therefore, this study was conducted to address this gap. Aim: The objective of this study is to assess the level of independence among patients admitted to the Surgical Department of the Mongolian-Japanese Hospital and to analyze the interrelationships between different functional abilities. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional quantitative study involving 185 patients who underwent surgery at the Surgical Department of the Mongolian-Japanese Hospital, affiliated with the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. The patients’ independence levels were evaluated postoperatively using the standard six-question ADL assessment questionnaire developed by Katz et al. (1963). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0, with normality distributions assessed. Since the data did not follow a normal distribution, Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient was used to determine the strength of associations between variables. Results: Among the study participants, 50.8% (n=94) were male, and 49.2% (n=91) were female. The average age was 47.9±14.56 years, and the mean hospital stay was 2.7±1.6 days. The assessment of independence levels revealed that: • 11.9% (n=22) were completely dependent, • 21.1% (n=39) had impaired independence, and • 67% (n=124) maintained normal or good independence. The mean hospital stay for patients with normal or good independence was 2.51±1.42 days, while it was 2.79±1.73 days for those with impaired independence and 3.6±2.03 days for fully dependent patients. There was a weak positive correlation between independence level and length of hospital stay (r=0.159, p=0.03). Strong direct correlations were observed between: • Eating ability and dressing ability (r=0.671, p=0.001), bathing ability (r=0.568, p=0.001), mobility (r=0.571, p=0.001), toileting ability (r=0.588, p=0.001), and continence control (r=0.609, p=0.001). • Dressing ability and bathing ability (r=0.766, p=0.001), mobility (r=0.723, p=0.001), toileting ability (r=0.788, p=0.001), and continence control (r=0.736, p=0.001). • Bathing ability and mobility (r=0.789, p=0.001), toileting ability (r=0.715, p=0.001), and continence control (r=0.644, p=0.001). • Mobility and toileting ability (r=0.822, p=0.001) and continence control (r=0.770, p=0.001). • Toileting ability and continence control (r=0.909, p=0.001). Conclusion One-third of the patients admitted to the surgical department experienced a decline in independence or complete dependence postoperatively, which was weakly correlated with a longer hospital stay. The various functional abilities that determine independence were strongly interrelated.

The microbiologist, who aged 44 man has work with glander DNA extraction between January and March at 2022, was developed sumptoms with fever, headache, muscle pain, weakness, cut throat, cough at 4 March, 2022. On March 7, he had tested Covid-19 and the result was negative. He was given 1gr tefazoline by eight-time interval for two days. Despite completing the therapy, episodes of fever and headache increased. A medical evaluation, which included MRI test was no disorder was developed. On March 12, painful with leg and developed muscle pain. He continued to difficulty to walk and cough, fever and weakness. On March 13, he has admitted hospital with diagnoses pneumonia.
He had continued sign with pneumonia in both lung, fever, infiltration with right leg, cough, headache, and glandule node in hospital. By PCR test, glander DNA was detected in sputum in National Center for Zoonotic Diseases laboratory. He recovered 20 days in hospital.
He has 12 days incubation period and infection route was by worked with glander strain and it was pneumonia form with laboratory-acquired human glanders.
Human glander case is rare in Mongolia. Three human glander cases had registered in 1966, 1972, 1977 among prison’s horse herder in Mongolia.

Background: The craniofacial region is one of the most frequently injured parts of the human body, with mandibular fractures being the most common type of facial skeletal injury. The leading causes of mandibular fractures include traffic accidents, falls, interpersonal violence, and sports-related injuries. In Mongolia, mandibular fractures are prevalent, with a higher incidence among males. However, to date, no national-level analysis of mandibular fractures has been conducted. This study aims to comprehensively examine mandibular fractures in Mongolia by identifying demographic factors and causes of injury. Aim: To determine the incidence and causes of mandibular fractures recorded in Mongolia over the past ten years. Materials and Methods: This study collected data on mandibular fractures recorded in the Health Development Center of Mongolia between 2014 and 2023. Cases were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) code S02.6. Information on patient age, gender, and hospital diagnosis was collected, along with the cause of injury, classified according to ICD-10 codes. Patient age was categorized based on the classification system of the National Statistics Office. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.00 software, employing the chi-square test for data analysis. Results: During the study period, a total of 2,872 patients were diagnosed with mandibular fractures, with the highest incidence occurring in the 20-40 age group. The average patient age was 31.1±12 years. Males were 5.6 times more likely to sustain mandibular fractures compared to females. The primary causes of injury were interpersonal violence (42%), mechanical trauma (17%), falls (16%), and traffic accidents (15%). Conclusion Between 2014 and 2023, 2,872 cases of mandibular fractures were recorded in Mongolia, with the majority occurring in individuals aged 20-40 years. The leading causes of mandibular fractures were interpersonal violence, mechanical trauma, falls, and traffic accidents. Specialized trauma care services were accessed differently in urban and rural areas.