Osteomyelit is an inflammatory disease of the bone that usually begins as an infection of the medullary cavity, rapidly involves the haversian system, and quickly extends to the periosteum of the area. It develops in the jaws after a chronic odontogenic infection or for a variety of other reasons such as trauma, inadequate treatment of fracture and dental infection, or irradiation to the mandible. When antimicrobial agents or drainage prove unsuccessful, acute osteomyelitis may become chronic and infection spreads. Early recognition and treatment are essential, however due to not enough specialists at Province, patients refer to ОМS specialist in late stage. Due to this, in some cases surgeon do jaw resection including the ramus and condular head. At Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Central Hospital we treat about 90 cases of osteomyelit every year, and about 10-15 cases of them are these kind severe jaw osteomyelitis. Conventional radiography, culture, bone biopsy, radioisotope bone scan, laser Doppler flowmetry, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are used for its diagnosis. We present a case of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis associated with a draining extraoral sinus, which was successfully treated with surgical debridement and mandibular condylar replacement with reconstruction plate and bicortical screws using AO principles.

Within the spectrum of diagnostic procedures in hepatology, the procurement of a liver specimen plays an important role. The method has been diversifi ed to encompass not only different needle types for cutting and aspiration but also different routes proceeding transvenously or transcutaneously. Over the subsequent 50 years the technique of obtaining liver biopsy samples has been modifi ed regarding the approach, the needle type, and the combination with diagnostic imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography, angiography and laparoscopy. Histological analyses are capable of establishing the etiology of a chronic or acute liver disease, are determined the inflammatory activity (Grading), degree of fi brosis/cirrhosis (Staging), are relevant for the prognosis of the patient and for indication for cost-intensive as well as potentially side are effect-prone therapies. In general, the accepted mortality rate from liver biopsy is between 0,1% and 0,01%. Among the most feared complications of liver biopsies are hemorrhage, seeding of cancer cells, infections, and injury to the viscera. The increasing number of liver transplant patients within the hepatological spectrum requires regular, safe, and high quality biopsies and their appropriate.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of oral and maxillofacial surgery patients in Mongolia and advocate guidelines and programs to promote optimal oral health care. A fact-finding epidemiologic study on the patients who visited at Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, at National Hospitals at Ulaanbaatar city and Province and other Central hospitals of Mongolian, from Jan to Dec, 2013.Total 12957 patients treated at inpatients care center at the above mentioned national hospitals. From Ulaanbaatar city were 4284 (36%) and from province were 7673 (64%). Patients from province were treated at FCH 69%, NTORC 6.4%, NCC 11.3%, NCMCH 27% and CMAFH 1.8%. Zero to 16 years, 17 to 36 years, 37 to 56 years and 57 or more years old patients were3072 (27.1%), 4224 (34.2%), 3218 (26.9%) and 1412 (11.8%), respectively. Males and females were 6841 (53%), 6090 (47%). Cases of the inpatients were as follows: infectious disease 5971 (49.88), benign tumor 1039 (8.01%), trauma & injury 1799 (15%), salivary gland disease 2.41%, TMJ disease 2.8%, neuralgia and muscle pain 0.8% and others. 5 provinces have no Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon and patients were referred to other central hospitals or to the Ulaanbaatar city. This study gives a topic of conversation about undergraduate dental education, continuing education and enough specialists in the region.

Background: Class III malocclusion is considered to be one of the most difficult and complex orthodontic problems to treat. For patients whose orthodontic problems are so severe that neither growth modification nor camouflage offers solution, surgery to realign the jaws or reposition dentoalveolar segments is the only possible treatment option left. Objective: The treatment objectives were to: (1) level and align the dental arches; (2) obtain an ideal overbite and overjet, to establish correct anterior guidance; and (3) improve the facial profile. Results: Excellent facial and occlusal results were achieved with this surgical-orthodontic management, post-treatment results showed a Class I relationship and ideal overjet and overbite. The facial profile became straight type. Conclusions This case report describes the treatment of a female with dental and skeletal class III relationships. Surgical-orthodontic treatment was the best option for achieving an acceptable occlusion and a good esthetic result in this case. An experienced multidisciplinary team approach ensures a satisfactory outcome.

BACKGROUND The occurrence of facial injuries tends to be high compared to injuries in other parts of the body, because the face is without a protective covering, and the chin mandible is the most prominent bone in this region of the body. According to several studies, mandibular fractures account for 59% of all facial fractures. Mandibular fractures usually occur in 2 or more locations because of the bone’s U shape. This article aims to analyze retrospectively the age, gender, etiology, and anatomic distribution of mandibular fractures. METHODS The data for this study were obtained from the medical records of 1217 cases treated at Department of Oral and Maxillacial Surgery at National First Central Hospital of Mongolia in 2016. Information was collected from the clinical notes of each patients with mandible fractures. The demographic variables such as age, gender and clinical information included diagnosis, etiology, and anatomical distribution of fractures was assessed. RESULTS The total of 229 subjects had mandible fractures, out of which 209 were males and 20 were females. The mean age of the participants was 32,2±10. The major cause of fractures was assault 79% , followed by road traffic accident – 11%, sport injuries – 5%, accidents at work or home – 3%, other – 2%. Mandible fracture incidence were high during in August. By the time referred to a physician from day of injury were 1-5 days 72,1%, 6-10 days 25,7%, delayed more than 10 days were 2,2% of the cases. Unilateral fractures were 77,4%, bilateral fractures 21,7%. Mandible left side were 158 (65,9%) mostly injured. The most common fracture site was angle- 112 (53%), condyle- 58 (27,5%), body- 21 (9,9%), parasymphysis- 16 (7,6%) and at least common site were ramus- 2 (1%) and symphysis - 2 (1%) of mandible. Among multiple fractures most common sites were condyle-parasymphysis which 24 cases and angle – parasymphysis were 21 cases. CONCLUSION The following conclusions have been drawn from the foregoing study. The mandible fractures were more common in males 209 (91,3%) than females 20 (8.7%). Assaults were the most common cause of the fracture. 77,4% fractures were unilateral fractures. The most common site of fracture was mandible angle- 112 (53%) and common multiple fractures were condyle-parasymphysis. By the time referred to a physician from day of injury were 1-5 days 72,1%, 6-10 days 25,7%, delayed more than 10 days were 2,2% of the cases.