Moraxella Catarrhalis emerged as the third cause of respiratory tract infection in children.Over 90% of the Moraxella Catarrhalis strains isolated currently produced by β-lactamases positive.Moraxella Catarrhalis resist to Ampicillin because of the β-lactamases,such as the BRO-1 type,BRO-2 type and BRO-3 type.The BRO genes appeared to be located on the chromosome and be coded.Twenty-one new mutations were found in the putative promoter region of the BRO genes.

Objective To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the apoptosis of spermatogenic cell in rats with experimentally induced varicocele.Methods A total of 32 adolescent male Wistar rats were included and randomly divided into 4 groups, including sham operation, left varicocele induced, left varicocele induced and low-dose ginsenoside Rg1(5 mg/kg), left varicocele induced and high-dose ginsenoside Rg1 (10 mg/kg), 8 rats in each group.The experimentally induced varicocele was established by Turner method.4 weeks after modeling, the two treatment groups received ginsenoside Rg1 of different dosages by gavage and sham operation and left varicocele induced group received the same volume of NS by gavage, once daily.4 weeks after gavaging, the rats were sacrificed then tissue from left testicle were taken, and the spermatogenic cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The protein level of Bcl-2 in ginsenoside Rg1 intervention group was significantly higher than varicocele group, and it was obviously higher in high-dose ginsenoside Rg1 group than low-dose ginsenoside Rg1 group (P<0.05).However, the expression of caspase-3 in ginsenoside Rg1 intervention group was significantly lower than varicocele group, but was higher than sham operation, the expression of caspase-3 in high dose ginsenoside Rg1 group was obviously lower than low dose ginsenoside Rg1 group (P<0.05).The apoptotic index was lowest in sham operation, and which was significantly lower in ginsenoside Rg1 intervention group than varicocele group, and the apoptotic index in high-dose ginsenoside Rg1 group was obviously lower than low-dose ginsenoside Rg1 group ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 could significantly reduce the testicular sperm cells apoptosis in experimental varicocele rats, raise the Bcl-2 gene expression and inhibiting the expression of caspase-3.

Objective To observe the influence of sirtinol,a silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)inhibitor,in the cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and the expression levels of positive regulator proteins of the cell cycle including Cyclin D1,CDK4 and pRb in prostate cancer DU145 cells,and to explore the possible mechanism of SIRT1 in occurrence of prostagte cancer.Methods The DU145 cells at logarithmic growth phase were cultured in vitro and divided into control group(DMSO)and different doses (10,25,50μmol·L-1 )of sirtinol groups.The inhibitory rate of growth of DU145 cells was detected with MTT method,the SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting method, and the cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry.The Cyclin D1,CDK4 and pRb protein expression levels were examined by Western blotting method. Results Compared with control group, the inhibitory rates of growth of the DU145 cells in different doses of sirtinol groups were increased markedly in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.01),and the flow cytometry analysis result showed the DU145 cells at G1 phase were increased (P<0.01 ). Compared with control group, the expression levels of SIRT1 mRNA and protein in DU145 cells in different doses of sirtinol groups were decreased significantly(P<0.01);the expression levels of Cyclin D1 and pRb proteins were decreased(P<0.01),whereas the expression levels of CDK4 had no change(P>0.05).Conclusion SIRT1 inhibition by sirtinol can inhibit the cell growth of prostate cancer DU145 cells in a dose-dependent manner and arrest the cell cycle progression,and its mechanism may be related to decreasing the CyclinD1 and pRb protein expressions.

In order to broaden the application area of the new nitrogen removal technology, a full-scale system for short-cut nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) was investigated in the nitrogen removal from a strong-ammonium pharmaceutical wastewater. When the influent ammonium concentration was (430.40 ± 55.43) mg/L, ammonia removal efficiency was (81.75 ± 9.10)%. The short-cut nitrification and Anammox system could successfully remove nitrogen from the pharmaceutical wastewater. The start-up of short-cut nitrification system took about 74 d and the nitrite accumulation efficiency was (52.11 ± 9.13)%, the two-step mode using synthetic wastewater and actual wastewater was suitable for the start-up of short-cut nitrification system. The start-up of Anammox system took about 145 d and the maximum volumetric nitrogen removal rate was 6.35 kg N/(m3·d), dozens of times higher than those for the conventional nitrification-denitrification process. The strategy achieving Anammox sludge by self-growth and biocatalyst addition was suitable for the start-up of Anammox system.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Bioreactors ; Drug Industry ; Nitrification ; Nitrites ; chemistry ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; Sewage ; microbiology ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Waste Water ; chemistry

Bursting is an important firing mode of neurons. To propose a stochastic model of bursting spike train, the interspike interval (ISI) characteristics of single-spiking train and bursting spike train were analyzed and compared. In contrast with the exponential distribution of ISI in single-spiking train, normal distribution is supposed to be the ISI model of bursting spike train. Simulated neural spike trains were produced to investigate the spectrum features of the ISI model. The results showed that: (1) bursting spike train with normally distributed ISI held a low-pass spectrum while the spectrum of single-spiking train was flat; (2) the coefficient of variation of ISI in bursting train decided the bandwidth of its low-pass spectrum. Then neural activities from anesthetized rodent were used to check the validity of the model. 10 simultaneously recorded bursting spike trains and 10 single-spiking trains were selected during anesthesia and after pure-oxygen-washout period respectively. The spectrograms of these neural spike trains were analyzed and the results were matched with our mathematical model. It is believed that the bursting spike train model established in this paper will help to theoretically study the statistical characters of neural spike train and to add mathematical foundation in neural coding schemes.
Action Potentials ; physiology ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Theoretical ; Neurons ; physiology ; Periodicity ; Poisson Distribution ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spectrum Analysis ; Stochastic Processes

Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) which is a simplified form of standard EEG has been increasingly used in neonates. The aEEG method is easy to apply and to interpret and the simplicity of the method makes it feasible for "round the clock" recording. The present paper briefly introduces the signal acquisition, data analysis and clinical applications of aEEG. Then we propose a number of possible research directions in light of the domestic research in this field, in the future.
Brain Diseases ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; methods ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors in patients with stage Ⅲb/c or Ⅳ inoperable advanced gastric cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 33 patients with unresectable locally advanced (stage Ⅲb/c) or unresectable stage Ⅳ gastric cancer were collected from May 2017 to may 2019 in the Department of Surgical Oncology, Anqing Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Among them, there were 25 males and 8 females with an average age of 65.48±9.00 years. According to the data of patients with conversion therapy efficacy and postoperative pathology and other factors for statistics, using univariate and multivariate analysis method to evaluate its correlation with the prognosis of patients.Results:Of 33 patients, 2 patients were complete remission, 18 patients were partial remission, the objective response rate(ORR) was 60.6%. 20 patients recevied surgical treatment, 17 patients achieved R0 resection. The median overall survival(mOS) of all 33 patients was (18.6±4.5) months. The mOS of patients who underwent surgical treatment was (25.7±10.99) months, which in patients without surgical treatment was (11.2±2.5) months( P=0.004). The mOS of stage Ⅲb/c patients Was (18.9±10.99) months, and of stage Ⅳ patients was (11.3±0.35) months( P=0.568). Univariate analysis showed that preoperative chemotherapy cycle ≥4 weeks had a better prognosis than patients with less than 4 cycles ( P=0.003), TRG score 1/2 patients had a better prognosis ( P=0.001), and positive lymph nodes ≥7 was risk factor. Multivariate analysis showed that positive lymph nodes ≥7 was the only independent prognostic factor ( P=0.013). Conclusion:For patients with stage Ⅲb/c or Ⅳ inoperable advanced gastric cancer, surgical resection after conversion therapy can improve patient survival, adequate preoperative chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of patients with at least 4 cycles of chemotherapy.

Objective:To explore the prognostic factors that may affect the postoperative survival of gastric cancer by analyzing patients with radical gastrectomy.Methods:The data of 525 patients with radical gastrectomy, including 387 male and 138 female with average age (62.5±10.7) years old (ranged from 16 to 89 years), were analyzed retrospectively in Anqing Municipal Hospital between October 2010 to July 2015. The relationship between 33 variables and prognosis was analyzed by a Cox proportionalhazards regression model, meanwhile ROC curve was established in order to explore the risk factor of postopertive survival.Results:The over survival(OS) rate of all patients was 89.3% at 1 year, 68.4% at 3 years and 59.6% at 5 years. The 5-year OS rate was 81.9% at stage Ⅰ, 71.4% at stage Ⅱ and 44.1% at stage Ⅲ. In the multivariate analysis that included these factors, preoperative comorbidity ( HR=1.595, P=0.001), hemoglobin( HR=1.377, P=0.017), CA199( HR=1.618, P=0.004), tumor distribution( HR=1.943, P=0.032), pT stage( HR=1.731, P=0.012), pN stage( HR=2.118, P=0.000), signet ring cell( HR=1.642, P=0.038)and intravascular tumor thrombus( HR=1.391, P=0.039) were independent risk factors associating with postopertive survival.According to ROC curve, the following area (AUC value) could predict survival after radical gastrectomy, including CA199 (AUC=0.568), hemoglobin(AUC=0.586), preoperative comorbidity(AUC=0.554), pT stage(AUC=0.636), pN stage(AUC=0.670)and intravascular tumor thrombus(AUC=0.626)( P<0.05). Conclusion:According to ROC curve analysis, preoperative comorbidity, anemia, CA199, pN stage, pT stage and intravascular tumor thrombus played an role in predicting long-term survival after radical resection of gastric cancer.

Objective:Clavien-Dindo grading system was used to explore the occurrence and related risk factors of early severe complications after radical resection of gastric cancer, and the effect of severe complications on long-term prognosis was analyzed.Methods:The clinical data of 525 patients who underwent radical resection of gastric cancer, including 387 male and 138 female with average age(62.5±10.7)years old (range from 16 to 89 years), were analyzed retrospectively in Department of Surgical Oncology of Anqing Municipal Hospital from October 2010 to July 2015. The occurrence of postoperative severe complications was analyzed according the Clavien-Dindo grade system.The relationship between 18 variables and severe complications was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis in order to explore the risk factors of severe postoperative complications, and the relationship between severe complications and long-term prognosis was analyzed by COX survival model. The software of SPSS 17.0 was used to conduct statistic analysis.Results:Five hundred and twenty-five patients with radical gastrectomy, 114 cases had early postoperative complications, including 20 cases of severe complications, 4 cases were performed second surgery under general anesthesia. The results of univariate analysis showed gender( χ2=4.86, P=0.027), the amount of bleeding( χ2=11.11, P=0.001), opertive time( χ2=4.77, P=0.029), the mode of operation( χ2=9.20, P=0.002) and pTNM stage( χ2=4.86, P=0.027) had significant statistical difference. Multivariate analysis showed that the amount of bleeding ( OR=13.05, P=0.013) and the mode of operation ( OR=7.97, P=0.047) were independent risk factors for early and severe complications after radical resection of gastric cancer. The 5-year survival rates of severe complication and non-severe complication were 35.0% and 61.8% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.004). Severe postoperative complications ( HR=1.595, P=0.107) were not independent risk factors affecting the 5-year survival rate. Conclusions:Early severe complications after radical resection of gastric cancer are closely related to intraoperative blood loss and total gastrectomy. Although the 5-year survival rate in severe complication group is significantly lower than that in non-severe complication group, severe complication is not an independent risk factor for long-term survival.

Objective:To discuss the changes and clinical significance of CD4 -CD8 -double negative T lymphocytes (DNT), T lymphocyte subsets, natural killer (NK) cells and CD 19+ B lymphocytes in peripheral blood of children with confirmed Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP). Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on children with pneumonia admitted to the Children′s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2019 to February 2020.The patients were stratified into 3 age groups: 0-3 years old, 4-7 years old and ≥8 years old, and they received detection of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in acute stage.As observation group, 185 MPP children were further divided into MPP common group (117 cases) and MPP severe group (68 cases) based on their state of pneumonia.In addition, 69 cases with non-MPP were selected as control group.The absolute counts of DNT, T lymphocyte subsets, NK cells and CD 19+ B lymphocytes in peripheral blood were tested by flow cytometry.DNT levels in diffe-rent age groups were analyzed. Results:(1) The number of CD3 + [1.527(1.059, 2.348)×10 9/L], CD4 + [0.771(0.559, 1.206)×10 9/L], CD8 + [0.528(0.343, 0.773)×10 9/L], CD4 + /CD8 + [1.570(1.130, 1.945)], CD 19+ [0.455(0.285, 0.771)×10 9/L] and DNT[0.168(0.095, 0.294)×10 9/L] lymphocytes in peripheral blood in the observation group were lower than those in the control group[2.116(1.506, 3.728)×10 9/L, 1.170(0.685, 2.114)×10 9/L, 0.696(0.414, 1.226)×10 9/L, 1.780(1.230, 2.210), 0.694(0.483, 1.343)×10 9/L, 0.235(0.134, 0.391)×10 9/L], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (2) In addition, the number of CD3 + [1.704(1.215, 2.566)×10 9/L], CD4 + [0.855(0.628, 1.267)×10 9/L], CD8 + [0.582(0.378, 0.843)×10 9/L], NK[0.269(0.176, 0.417)×10 9/L], CD 19+ [0.461(0.317, 0.808)×10 9/L] and DNT[0.180(0.117, 0.306)×10 9/L]lymphocytes in peripheral blood in MPP common group were significantly higher than those in MPP severe group [1.369(0.831, 1.760)×10 9/L, 0.676(0.433, 0.924)×10 9/L, 0.495(0.292, 0.699)×10 9/L, 0.196(0.112, 0.380)×10 9/L, 0.391(0.181, 0.730)×10 9/L, 0.143(0.071, 0.265)×10 9/L], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (3) Moreover, in acute phase, the number of DNT in observation group had no significant differences with that in control group of the same age ( P>0.05). In the observation group, the number of DNT[0.230(0.125, 0.364)×10 9/L] in 0-3 years old group was higher than that in 4-7 years old group[0.143(0.085, 0.233)×10 9/L] and ≥ 8 years old group[0.144(0.078, 0.271)×10 9/L]. In 0-3 years old group, the more serious the disease, the lower the indicators, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:In acute phase, the changes of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of MPP children are remarkable, and the absolute count of DNT lymphocytes in peripheral blood decreased.The decreasing level of DNT has negative association with the severity of pneumonia.The absolute count of DNT was higher in young children.So monitoring peripheral blood DNT may be of some value to the assessment of immune function or pneumonia state in children with MPP.