Globally liver disorders are major cause of illness death and death. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the progression of alcoholic and nonalcoholic related diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of fixed dose combination (FDC) of silymarin, alpha lipoic acid, N-acetyl cysteine and selenium in the management of liver disorders. This was an observational, non-randomized, open label, non-comparative, multi-centric post-marketing surveillance study. The above mentioned FDC was administered to 15 patients diagnosed with alcoholic or viral hepatitis for three months. Evaluation of liver function tests (LFT) were carried out at baseline and at the end of 3rd month of the treatment. Significant changes were observed in the LFT parameters at the end of three months of this study. aspartate aminotransferase (AST): (Mean ± SEM) 369.9 ± 128.0 to 97.00 ± 34.27 U/L, (p < 0.0001); alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 652.93 ± 214.57 to 194.40 ± 82.51 U/L, (p < 0.03); Alkaline phosphatase: 197.47 ± 25.57 to 151.60 ± 17.92 U/L, (p < 0.0059); Gamma glutamyl transferase: 156.67 ± 49.80 to 87.33 ± 22.94 U/L, (p < 0.0490); Total bilirubin: 3.44 ± 0.76 to 1.66 ± 0.57 mg/dL, (p < 0.0192) and bilirubin direct: 2.13 ± 0.58 to 1.00 ± 0.50 mg/dL, (p < 0.0273). Two patients reported mild gastrointestinal adverse events (nausea, bloating). This FDC was therapeutically effective under the circumstances of elevated oxidative stress and produces significant reduction in LFT parameters in alcoholic and viral hepatitis patients.

Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a rapidly evolving technique for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. In the United States, over 65% of radical prostatectomies are robot-assisted, although the acceptance of this technology in Europe and the rest of the world has been somewhat slower. This article reviews the current literature on RARP with regard to oncological, continence and potency outcomes-the so-called 'trifecta'. Preliminary data appear to show an advantage of RARP over open prostatectomy, with reduced blood loss, decreased pain, early mobilization, shorter hospital stay and lower margin rates. Most studies show good postoperative continence and potency with RARP; however, this needs to be viewed in the context of the paucity of randomized data available in the literature. There is no definitive evidence to show an advantage over standard laparoscopy, but the fact that this technique has reached parity with laparoscopy within 5 years is encouraging. Finally, evolving techniques of single-port robotic prostatectomy, laser-guided robotics, catheter-free prostatectomy and image-guided robotics are discussed.
Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatectomy ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Robotics ; methods ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Incontinence ; etiology