Objective: To establish a RP HPLC method for determination of geniposide in Longdanxiegan Oral Liquid. Methods: A Nova Pak C 18 column was used. The mobile phase was methanol water(20:80). The detection wavelength was 240nm. Results: The linear range of geniposide was 0.569～1.707?g, r=0.9998. The average recovery was 98.67%, RSD=1.54% (n=6). Conclusion: This method is convenient, rapid and accurate. It can be used for quality control in production of Longdanxiegan Oral Liquid.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of Puerarin in Compound Ginkgo biloba tablets by RP-HPLC. METHODS:The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (20∶80) with a flow rate of 1mL?min-1. The detection wavelength was 250 nm and the temperature of the column was 35℃. RESULTS:The linear range of Puerarin was 0.8～2.4?g (r=0.999 3, n=5),with the average recovery at 99.98%,RSD=1.31%(n=5).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,sensitive and reproducible,and it can be used for the quality control of Compound Ginkgo biloba tablets.

AIM: To establish a quality standard for Kudingcha Tablets(Cratoxylum Prunifolium Dyer). METHODS: TLC was adopted for identification of Kudingcha Tablets.RP-HPLC was used to determine the contents of ursolic acid,quercetin and kaempferol in the preparation.The Nova-Pak C_(18) column(3.9 mm?150 mm,4.0 ?m) was used to determine the ursolic acid of content.The mobile phase was methanol-water-H_3PO_4(85∶15∶0.1).The detection wavelength was at 220 nm.The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min and the temperature was at 30 ℃.The Nova-Pak C_(18) column(3.9 mm?300 mm,4.0 ?m) was used to determine the contents of quercetin and kaempferol.The mobile phase was methanol-0.4%H_3PO_4(50:50).The detection wavelength was at 360 nm.The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min.The temperature was at 40 ℃. RESULTS: A good linear relation was obtained when the sample size of ursolic acid was in the range of 0.334-6.672 ?g.The linear range of quercetin was(0.012 99-0.649 6) ?g and the linear range of kaempferol was 0.013 34-0.667 2 ?g.The average recoveries of ursolic acid,quercetin and kaempferol were 97.70%,96.89% and 97.41%,respectively.The RSD were 0.87%,(1.06%) and 1.40%(n=6),respectively. CONCLUSION: This standard is accurate and reliable,and can effectively control the quality of Kudingcha Tablets.

Objective: To study the effect of XRK on mice's acute inflammation. Methods:The three XRL groups were fed on XRK of high, middle and low dosage, the positive group was fed on mezolin, and the control group was fed on distilled water. All groups were fed for three days, once per day. 30 minutes after the last treatment, Xylene (0.05 ml) was spreaded on mice's right ear in two sides, 15 minutes later, mice were put to death and its two ears were cut in same area, then weighed, calculated the swelling degree of its ears. Results: ① The swelling degrees in the three XRL groups were all lower significantly than that in the control group ( P

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Xiaoer Reganning oral liquid(XRN) on clinical symptoms and signs of children with acute upper respiratory tract infections.METHODS:161 children with acute upper respiratory tract infections were randomly divided into three groups.The patients were treated with XRN(XRN group,60 cases),Shuanghuanglian oral liquid(SHL group,41 cases) and Wei C Yingqiao granules(WCG group,60 cases),3～4 times every day for 3 days.The changes of clinical symptoms of coughing rhinorrhea,lassitude,anorexia and dyssomnia,and signs of pharyngeal congestion and tonsillar swelling were studied on the patients before and after treatment for three days,and the results of three groups were compared.RESULTS:The improvement of the clinical symptoms and signs in XRN group was better than that in the control groups(P

Objective: To evaluate the antipyretic action of Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution on acute upper respiratory tract infection of children. Methods: 161 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection were randomly divided into 3 groups. 60 patients at different age ranges in Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution group were treated with Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution at different dosags, 3～4 times every day. The treatment course was 3 days. Patients' body-temperatures before and after treatment were recorded. The temperature differences in various time points before and after treatment were computed, and compared with the results of Shuanghuanglian Oral Solution group and Wei C Yingqiao Tablets group.Results: All three drugs could reduce the patients' body-temperatures gradually, but the antipyretic action of Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution was the strongest. There were significant differences in temperature difference between Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution Group and Wei C Yinqiao Granules (in 2 or 6h after treatment and in 1 day or 3 days after treatment, P

PURPOSE: High explosives are used to produce blast waves to study their biological effects. The lungs are considered as the critical target organ in blast-effect studies. The degree of lung hemorrhaging is related to both the explosive power and the increased lung weight. We studied the characteristics of the biological effects from an air explosion of a thermobaric bomb in a high-altitude environment and the lethality and lung injury severity of goats in different orientations and distances. METHODS: Goats were placed at 2.5, 3, 4, and 5 m from the explosion center and exposed them to an air blast at an altitude of 4700-meter. A group of them standing oriented to the right side and the other group seated facing the explosion center vertically. The lung injuries were quantified according to the percentage of surface area contused, and using the pathologic severity scale of lung blast injury (PSSLBI) to score the 4 injury categories (slight, moderate, serious and severe) as 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The lung coefficient (lung weight [g]/body weight [kg]) was the indicator of pulmonary edema and was related to lung injury severity. Blast overpressure data were collected using blast test devices placed at matching locations to represent loadings to goats. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 26.0, statistical software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: In total, 127 goats were involved in this study. Right-side-standing goats had a significantly higher mortality rate than those seated vertical-facing (p < 0.05). At the 2.5 m distance, the goat mortality was nearly 100%, whereas at 5 m, all the goats survived. Lung injuries of the right-side-standing goats were 1 - 2 grades more serious than those of seated goats at the same distances, the scores of PSSLBI were significantly higher than the seated vertical-facing goats (p < 0.05). The lung coefficient of the right-side-standing goats were significantly higher than those of seated vertical-facing (p < 0.05). Mortality, PSSLBI, and the lung coefficient results indicated that the right-side-standing goats experienced severer injuries than the seated vertical-facing goats, and the injuries were lessened as the distance increased. The blast overpressure was consistent with these results. CONCLUSION The main killing factors of the thermobaric bomb in the high-altitude environment were blast overpressure, blast wind propulsions and burn. The orientation and distances of the goats significantly affected the blast injury severity. These results may provide a research basis for diagnosing, treating and protecting against injuries from thermobaric explosions.
Animals ; Lung Injury/etiology* ; Blast Injuries ; Goats ; Explosions ; Lung/pathology*

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immunosuppressive molecule, which inhibits the function of T cells and other immune cells by binding to the receptor programmed cell death-1. The PD-L1 expression disorder plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and treatment of sepsis or other inflammatory diseases, and has become an important target for the treatment of these diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cells with multiple differentiation potential. In recent years, MSCs have been found to have a strong immunosuppressive ability and are used to treat various inflammatory insults caused by hyperimmune diseases. Moreover, PD-L1 is deeply involved in the immunosuppressive events of MSCs and plays an important role in the treatment of various diseases. In this review, we will summarize the main regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 expression, and discuss various biological functions of PD-L1 in the immune regulation of MSCs.

Cerebellar malfunction can lead to sleep disturbance such as excessive daytime sleepiness, suggesting that the cerebellum may be involved in regulating sleep and/or wakefulness. However, understanding the features of cerebellar regulation in sleep and wakefulness states requires a detailed characterization of neuronal activity within this area. By performing multiple-unit recordings in mice, we showed that Purkinje cells (PCs) in the cerebellar cortex exhibited increased firing activity prior to the transition from sleep to wakefulness. Notably, the increased PC activity resulted from the inputs of low-frequency non-PC units in the cerebellar cortex. Moreover, the increased PC activity was accompanied by decreased activity in neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei at the non-rapid eye-movement sleep-wakefulness transition. Our results provide in vivo electrophysiological evidence that the cerebellum has the potential to actively regulate the sleep-wakefulness transition.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of berberine (BBR) on cholesterol synthesis in HepG2 cells with free fatty acid (FFA)-induced steatosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: A steatosis cell model was induced in HepG2 cell line fed with FFA (0.5 mmol/L, oleic acid:palmitic acid = 2:1), and then treated with three concentrations of BBR; cell viability was assessed with cell counting kit-8 assays. Lipid accumulation in cells was observed through oil red O staining and total cholesterol (TC) content was detected by TC assay. The effects of BBR on cholesterol synthesis mediators were assessed by Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, both silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) inhibitors were employed for validation. RESULTS: FFA-induced steatosis was successfully established in HepG2 cells. Lipid accumulation and TC content in BBR groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), associated with significantly higher mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), significantly lower sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), as well as higher Acetyl-FoxO1 protein level (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) compared to the FFA only group. Both SIRT1 inhibitor SIRT1-IN-1 and FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856 blocked the BBR-mediated therapeutic effects. Immunofluorescence showed that the increased SIRT1 expression increased FoxO1 deacetylation, and promoted its nuclear translocation. CONCLUSION BBR can mitigate FFA-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells by activating SIRT1-FoxO1-SREBP2 signal pathway. BBR may emerge as a potential drug candidate for treating nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis.
Berberine/pharmacology* ; Cholesterol ; Forkhead Box Protein O1/genetics* ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy* ; Sirtuin 1/genetics* ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins