Objective To study the impact of vegetation changes on the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in the marshland and lake regions.MethodsA bottomland from the 14 bottomlands along the Qiupu River in the Guichi District,Chizhou City,Anhui Province was selected,and a 50 m?50 m area of uniform vegetation was choosed as the research field.Low-grass group,boundary-grass group,hay group and control group were designed to represent four types of vegetation's status and the snail density,soil temperature and soil moisture were surveyed half a month after the design.The change of Oncomelania hupensis's distribution due to the vegetation change was analyzed statistically.ResultsThe snail density of the hay group was nearly 0 with high soil moisture and low soil temperature.The snail density of the low-grass group was obviously decreased(32.1/0.1 m2),and the snail density of the boundary group slightly increased,which had no statistical significance compared with the snail density of the control group.ConclusionsOncomelania hupensis moves from the low-grass group to the boundary group after the vegetation is cut down,which changes the distribution of snail.Hay group is the worst environment for Oncomelania hupensis to survive and the method of cut-overlay grass may be used to improve the effect of molluscicide.

Objective To explore a possible method for determining the appropriate sample size of Oncomelania hupensis in the marshland and lake regions. Methods Four bottomlands were selected randomly along the Qiupu River in Guichi District, Anhui Province. Oncomelania snails were surveyed carefully in these bottomlands and brought back to the laboratory to judge whether they were alive or not with mild water. All the data of Oncomelania hupensis were doubly input into the EpiData software and checked for the errors. Repeated sampling was performed in the four databases according to different sample sizes by using SAS software and the corresponding snail density was also calculated. According to the values of sample size and corresponding snail density, sample size-snail density absolutely changing curve and relatively changing curve were drawn to determine the appropriate sample size of snail survey. Results The appropriate sample sizes of snail survey were 40,200,100 and 200 frames in Gutan bottomland, Caizi bottomland, Qiupu bottomland and Ouyang bottomland, respectively. Conclusion Sample size-snail density absolutely changing curve and relatively changing curve could provide some instructions for choosing the appropriate sample size during the process of snail survey in the marshland and lake regions.

The global features of H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylations (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) have been well studied in recent years,but most of these studies were performed in mammalian cell lines.In this work,wegenerated the genome-wide maps of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 of mouse cerebrum and testis using ChlP-seq and their high-coverage transcriptomes using ribominus RNA-seq with SOLiD technology.We examined the global patterns of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in both tissues and found that modifications are closely-associated with tissue-specific expression,function and development.Moreover,we revealed that H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 rarely occur in silent genes,which contradicts the findings in previous studies.Finally,we observed that bivalent domains,with both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3,existed ubiquitously in both tissues and demonstrated an invariable preference for the regulation of developmentally-related genes.However,the bivalent domains tend towards a "winner-takes-all" approach to regulate the expression of associated genes.We also verified the above results in mouse ES cells.As expected,the results in ES cells are consistent with those in cerebrum and testis.In conclusion,we present two very important findings.One is that H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 rarely occur in silent genes.The other is that bivalent domains may adopt a "winner-takes-all" principle to regulate gene expression.