ObjectiveToinvestigate the prevalence, awareness and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among community adult population in Shanghai, China, in order to provide early diagnosis and treatment of CKD, and informations for national health policy makers.MethodsTwo thousand five hundred and ninety six residents (≥ 18 years old) were randomly selected from community population in Changning district of Shanghai, China. They were interviewed and tested for albuminuria -morning spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio [ACR, abnormal: ≥ 17 mg/g (male), ≥25 mg/g (female)], reduced renal function-estimated GFR by abbreviated MDRD equation [abnormal: <60 ml ·rain-1 (1.73 m2)-1] and hematuria-morning spot urine dipstick confirmed by urine microscopy. The associations among demographic characteristics, healthy characteristics (e.g. diabetes and hypertension) and indicators of kidney damage were examined. The investigators and neighborhood committee were well trained. Those who had semiquantitative positive were detected again by albuminuria-morniag spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio after three months. ResultsTwo thousand five hundred and fifty four residents with complete data were enrolled in the study. Albuminuria was detected in 6.3% of subjects, reduced renal function in 5.8%, hematuria in 1.2%. Approximately 11.8% of these subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage. The awareness rate of CKD was 8.2%. The Logistic regression model showed that hyperuricemia, nephrolithiasis, anemia, diabetes, central obesity, hypertension and age contributed to the development of CKD. ConclusionsThe prevalence of CKD in community adult population in Shanghai is 11.8%, And the awareness rate of CKD is 8.2%. Hyperuricemia, nephrolithiasis, anemia, diabetes, central obesity, hypertension and age are risk factors of CKD.