With purified Gleditsia saponins(PGS)and their aglycone echinocystic acid as standard,the content of saponin constituents from G. sinensis were determined by spectrophotometric method. The recovery of PGS was 101 .3%.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of schisanhenol in plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics of schisanhenol in rats.Methods After sedimentation by methanol,plasma samples were then prepared based on a liquid-liquid extraction by ether.The extracted samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography.Schisanhenol was eluted on Eclipse XDB-C18 Agilent(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column,using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-H2O(65∶35),and detected at 254 nm.The plasma concentration of schisanhenol in rats was determined after iv administration of 18 mg/kg,and the data were processed with the pharmacokinetic software 3P87.Results Calibration curves were linear over 0.1—2.5 ?g/mL (r2=0.999) and the LOD was 10 ng/mL.The recoveries of schisanhenol from plasma were between 88%—110%,and the RSD values of intra-day and interday assay were below 15%.After iv administration at 18 mg/kg,the schisanhenol concentration-time curve confirmed in a two-compartment model and the pharmacokinetic parameters of t1/2?,t1/2?,V,AUC,MRT were(0.22?0.11) h,(1.19?0.22) h,(12.81?2.91) L/kg,(1.32?0.19) ?g/mL/h,(1.51?0.24) h,respectively.Conclusion A reliable HPLC-DAD method is developed for the determination of schisanhenol in rat plasma and it is applicable to the in vivo analysis.

Total lignans in the stems and roots of 8 species of Kadsura were determined by colourimetric method. The recoveries of interiorin, reference compound added to K. heteroclitaand K. interior were 96.7% and 97.9% respectively. Total lignans contents of kadsura medi.cinal plants vary with species, medicinal parts and sex. Higher lignans contents were foundin the root and the female plants. The highest and the lowest were 4.926% in the root of K.lancilim6a and 0.34% in the stems of K. angustifolia respectively.

Object To provide a basis for the identification of the crude drug of Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae Methods Morpholgical characters and microstructural features of the seed surface of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils , S. rubriflora (Franch ) Rehd. et Wils., S. viridis A. C. Smith, and S. henryi Clarke were observed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Identification of them was also completed by TLC qualitative analysis for deoxyschisandrin and schisantherin A Results The fruits of S. sphenanthera, S. rubriflora, S. viridis and S. henryi could be classified to three types with the characters of micromorphological features of the seed surface. The results of TLC showed that deoxyschisandrin and schisantherin A were present in the fruits of S. sphenanthera from Pingli, Shaanxi, Luanchuan, Henan, Yangcheng, Shanxi, S. rubriflora and S.viridis, Hengshan Hunan Provinces The fruit of S. henryi contained a little quantity of schisantherin A, but the fruits of S. sphenanthera from Liuba Shaanxi and Xiaolongshan Gansu Provinces did not have deoxyschisandrin and schisantherin A. Conclusion The fruits of S. sphenanthera from different geographical origin, S. rubriflora, S. viridis and S. henryi can be identified by the characters of micromorphological featrues of the seed surface and the TLC qualitative analysis for deoxyschisandrin and schisantherin A

Objective To explore the causes and treatment for cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) leak after microsurgical removal of vestibular schwannomas(VS) with the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach.Methods A retrospective study was accomplished on 258 patients with VS operated through the suboccipital retrosigmoidal approach from Jan 1994 to Aug 2003.After operation,cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurred in 19 cases and subcutaneous retroauricular CSF leak occurred in 5 cases.Results In 14 cases the CSF leak was stopped after treatment by external lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage(CELCFD).Six patients were operated again with sealing the internal acoustic meatus and the mastoid cells with fibrin glue and muscle.The patients were followed up for 14 months to 8 years after treatment,and there was no recurrence of CSF leak or delayed onset meningitis.Conclusion CSF leak was the common complication after vestibular schwannoma removal and the most common reason was the drilled posterior wall of the internal acoustic meatus with opening of the mastoid cells.The closure of petrous air cells was very important to prevent its postoperative CSF leak.Most of the patients were successfully treated by external lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage and only a few cases needed revision surgery.

Object To determine the contents of schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin B and schisandrin C in the stems and fruits of Schisandra rudriflora (Franch ) Rehd. et Wils , which were collected from different areas Methods An HPLC method was set up: Column, Sphereclone, ODS (250 mm?4 6 mm, 5 ?m); mobil phase, A: H 2O, B: MeOH; gradient elution was with 70% B from 0-4 min, 70%-100% B from 4-54 min; the flow rate was 0 4 mL/min; the column temperature was 25 ℃ and the DAD detector was used at 254 nm Results The contents of schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin B and schisandrin C in S. rubriflora were 0.026%-0.083%, 0.007%-0.945%, 0.002%-0.121%, 0.010%-0.038%, respectively. Deoxyschizandrin exists widely in S. rubriflora and its content is higher in fruits than that in stems Conclusion Deoxyschizandrin is the main active lignan in the fruits of S rubriflora

Objective To explore the risk factors causing tetany in patients with hyperventilation syndrome. Meth?ods A total of 103 patients with hyperventilation syndrome treated in our hospital were included in this study. According to whether there was tetany, patients were divided into tetany group and non-tetany group. Values of gender, age, electrolyte, pH and p(CO2) were analysed between two groups. The factors of P<0.1 were engaged in binary Logistic regression. Logistic regression (Forward Wald) was used to analyze the risk factors of tetany in patients with hyperventilation syndrome. Re?sults In 103 patients there were 70 patients with tetany (68%), 33 patients without tetany(32%). The serum K+, serum phos?phorus and p(CO2) values were significantly lower in tetany group than those of non-tetany group (P<0.01), while the pH value was significantly higher in tetany group than those of non-tetany group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in gen?der, age, serum Na+, serum Cl-, serum calcium (bound calcium and ionized calcium), ionized calcium and serum Mg2+levels be?tween two groups (P>0.05). It was revealed that the younger age, the lower level of the serum K+, serum phosphorus and p(CO2) were the risk factors of tetany through binary Logistic regression analysis. Conclusion The risk factors of tetany in patients with hyperventilation syndrome include younger age, lower level of serum K+and serum phosphorus and reduced p(CO2).

Objective To investigate clinical features,diagnosis,clearance strategies and prognosis of intracranial foreign bodies.Methods Twenty patients with intracranial foreign bodies were analyzed retrospectively,together with review of the related literatures.Results Twenty patients underwent craniotomy for intracranial foreign body removal under guidance of preoperative CT and X-ray localizations and intraoperative C-arm X-ray machine and ultrasound localizations.A total of 35 foreign bodies were removed.One patient underwent second surgical resection after the incomplete removal due to displacement of intracranial foreign bodies.According to Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at discharge,the outcomes were good (GOS =4-5 points) in 16 patients,poor (GOS =2-3 points) in three and death (GOS =1 point) in one.Conclusions CT and X-ray locations before surgery and C-ann X-ray machine and ultrasound locations in operation avail the removal of foreign bodies by craniotomy.In the meantime,prognosis is satisfactory.