Objective:To investigate the role of CCR5 key residues as a co-recptor for the cellular entry of human immunodeficiency virus type Ⅰ(HIV-Ⅰ).Methods: Mutation of amino acids was introduced in different extracellular loops of CCR5 by site-directed mutagenesis technique,turning the non-polar amino acids into polar ones,the non-hydrophilic into hydrophilic,and the aromatic into non-aromatic.The mutants of CCR5 were expressed in BamHⅠ/XhoⅠ and were allowed to bind with gp120,and the binding activity of the mutants was compared with that of wild-type CCR5.Results: The coreceptor activity of CCR5 was reduced greatly when Cys in the first extracellular loop was replaced by Tyr and Pro in the third extracellular loop was replaced by Ser.There was no obvious change in the coreceptor activity of CCR5 when other replacements were introduced.Conclusion: HIV-Ⅰ virus needs receptor and co-receptor to achieve its cellular entry.CCR5 is a co-receptor and some of its extracellular loop amino acids are essential for gp120 recognition of HIV-Ⅰ.

Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Lipoma ; pathology ; Liposarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with a high mortality. This study was undertaken to detect the factors associated with the prognosis of AKI. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 98 patients with AKI treated from March 2008 to August 2009 at this hospital. In these patients, 60 were male and 38 female. Their age ranged from 19 to 89 years (mean 52.4±16.1 years). The excluded patients were those who died within 24 hours after admission to ICU or those who had a history of chronic kidney disease or incomplete data. After 60 days of treatment, the patients were divided into a survival group and a death group. Clinical data including gender, age, history of chronic diseases, the worst laboratory values within 24 hours after diagnosis (values of routine blood tests, blood gas analysis, liver and renal function, levels of serum cystatin C, and blood electrolytes) were analyzed. Acute physiology, chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores and 60-day mortality were calculated. Univariate analysis was performed to find variables relevant to prognosis, odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI). Multiple-factor analysis with logistic regression analysis was made to analyze the correlation between risk factors and mortality. RESULTS: The 60-day mortality was 34.7％ (34/98). The APACHE II score of the death group was higher than that of the survival group (17.4±4.3 vs. 14.2±4.8, P<0.05). The mortality of the patients with a high level of cystatin C>1.3 mg/L was higher than that of the patients with a low level of cystatin C (<1.3 mg/L) (50％ vs. 20％, P<0.05). The univariate analysis indicated that organ failures≥2, oliguria, APACHE II>15 scores, cystatin C>1.3 mg/L, cystatin C>1.3 mg/L+APACHE II>15 scores were the risk factors of AKI. Logistic regression analysis, however, showed that organ failures≥2, oliguria, cystatin C>1.3 mg/L +APACHE II>15 scores were the independent risk factors of AKI. CONCLUSION: Cystatin C>1.3 mg/L+APACHE II>15 scores is useful in predicting adverse clinical outcomes in patients with AKI.

·AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide(TA) as treatment for macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion(RVO).·METHODS: The study group consisting 30 patients (30 eyes) with RVO combined with macular edema received intravitreal 4mg TA. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), examination with slit-lamp microscope, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography(OCT) were observed during the follow-up. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 12.0 software.·RESULTS: The visual acuity(VA) of all patients was significantly improved and the central macular thickness (CMT) was significantly relieved. There was no correlation between course, age, CMT before injection and the type of RVO. There was positive correlation between visual acuity before injection and after injection.·CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of TA is an easy-operated and safe therapy. After injection, macular edema can be rapidly relieved. VA at baseline is the predictor for the prognosis of VA. Some patients experience recurrence of macular edema between 3 to 6 months after injection.

Adolescent ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Sotalol ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effects and safety of dynamic external fixtor combined with limited internal fixation and cross K-wires fixation for the treatment of close Pilon fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint.

METHODSFrom June 2012 to June 2014, totally 41 patients (45 fingers) with close interphalangeal joint Pilon fracture were treated by dynamic external fixtor combined with limited internal fixation or cross K-wires fixation, and all the patients were followed up. In the dynamic external fixtor combined with limited internal fixation group (group A), there were 21 patients with 22 fingers, including 12 males and 9 females, with an average of (30.6±5.6) years old. In the cross K-wires fixation group (group B), there were 20 patients with 23 fingers, including 11 males and 9 females, with an average of (30.1±5.3) years old. Regular re-examination of X-ray was performed to evaluate the active range of joint motion, fracture healing time, infection rate and postoperative joint motion pain.

RESULTSAccording to the evaluation criteria of upper extremity function issued by the Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, the excellent and good cases of group A was up to 19 and 13 for group B. The evaluation results has significant differences (Z=2.558, P=0.011). The excellent and good rate of group A was obviously higher than that of group B. The average bone union time of group A was (7.9±2.1) weeks, and (8.1±2.3) weeks for group B. There was no significant difference on the mean healing time (t=-0.304, P=0.762). The infection fingers of group A was 5, and 1 for group B. The difference between the results was statistically significant (χ2=3.287, P<0.05). The infection rate of group A was higher than that of group B. The postoperative joint motion pain was evaluated by VAS score, the mean score was 0.18±0.50 in group A, and 0.65±0.88 in group B. The difference between the results was statistically significant (t=-2.207, P<0.05). The postoperative joint motion pain was lower than that of group B.

CONCLUSIONDynamic external fixtor combined with limited internal fixation is a reliable and effective method to treat Pilon fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint. It allows early postoperative functional rehabilitation and restores the joint function.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Wires ; Case-Control Studies ; External Fixators ; Female ; Finger Joint ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Factors influencing the temperature-sensing accuracy of an ablation catheter are analyzed, in this paper, from the two aspects of the thermocouple temperature sensor, which are the TC length and the TC hole's diameter of the ablation electrode. Meanwhile, differences between products from different companies are given too.
Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Electrodes ; Temperature

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression pattern of caspase-3 and HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) at different time after cerebral contusion in rat, and explore the new method for estimating the injury interval. METHODS: The cerebral contusion model was established using adult SD male rats. Then the rats were randomly allocated into 8 groups: 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d after cerebral contusion, sham-operation and normal control. Expression of caspase-3 and HAX-1 protein after cerebral contusion in rat was detected by Western blotting. Laser scanning confocal microscope was used to observe the number of HAX-1 positive cells and TUNEL-stained cells after cerebral contusion. RESULTS: The expression of caspase-3 increased parallelly with the time after cerebral contusion and reached the peak value on 3 d. The expression of caspase-3 decreased gradually and still maintained a high level expression on 7 d (P < 0.05). The expression of HAX-1 positive cell went up after injury, and reached the peak value at 6 h (P < 0.05), then turned down gradually after 12 h and went out of detection after 3 d. The number of TUNEL-stained cells increased obviously at 2 h and reached the peak value on 3 d. The number of TUNEL-stained apoptotic cells decreased gradually and still maintained a high level expression on 7 d (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of caspase-3 and HAX-1 after cerebral contusion has time sequential regularity, which may provide new evidence for forensic diagnosis of cerebral contusion interval.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Brain Injuries/pathology* ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism* ; Caspase 3/metabolism* ; Cerebellum/pathology* ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the clinical and imaging features of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS). Methods The etiology, clinical manifestations, imaging features, treatment and prognosis of 6 patients with RPLS, admitted to our hospital from December 2007 to August 2010, were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 6 patients with RPLS, 1 was secondary to leukemia, 1 secondary to nephrotic syndrome, 1 secondary to renal transplantation, 1 secondary to pheochromocytoma, and 2 secondary to primary hypertention. The clinical manifestations of patients included seizure, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomit, conscious disturbance, behavioral and psychological abnormalities, and visual disorder. Cranial CT showed that 4 patients had low-density white matter lesions; cranial MRI mainly indicated posterior cerebral hemisphere white matter lesions,and the lesions showed low or iso-signal in T1WI, high signal in T2WI and FLAIR, low or iso-signal in diffusion-weighted magnetic imaging (DWI) and high signal in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)map. Five patients received the right treatment got rapid improvement of clinical symptoms with normal imaging examinations. One patient with renal transplantation who refused to disable cyclosporin A and mycophenolate mofetil eventually died. Conclusion The diagnosis of RPLS relys on history, clinical features and imaging characteristics. Most patients have a better prognosis, but a few patients have poor prognosis due to various reasons.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the tissue ultrastructure changes of small testis and sex hormone and their correlation.

METHODSThe patients were divided into small tests (n = 8) and control group(n = 12). FSH, LH, T were determined by radioimmunassay. Diameter and wall thickness of convoluted seminiferous tubule were investigated with light microscope and electro microscopy on small testis tissue morphology and ultrastructure.

RESULTSFSH, LH, T of small testis and control group were (21.05 +/- 9.15) IU/L vs (6.74 +/- 3.52) IU/L, (22.88 +/- 6.25) IU/L vs (6.60 +/- 1.48) IU/L and (0.30 +/- 0.04) nmol/L vs (17.55 +/- 9.25) nmol/L, respectively. Seminiferous tubule diameter and wall thickness were(37.33 +/- 6.80) microns vs (198.46 +/- 29.84) microns and (10.30 +/- 1.82) microns vs (2.95 +/- 0.20) microns. Small testis tissue ultrastructure changed significantly.

CONCLUSIONSPathologic changes of small testis tissue in many parts such as seminiferous tubule, germinal epithelium, Sertoli cell, Leydig cell, limiting membrance and blood vessel may relate with genetics and immunoreaction.

Adult ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; metabolism ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; metabolism ; Male ; Statistics as Topic ; Testis ; anatomy & histology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Testosterone ; metabolism