Objective To evaluate VITEK2 Advanced Expert System (AES) for detection and analysis of clinically important beta-lactam phenotypes.Methods 124 known resistant phenotype strains including Staphylococcus spp, E.coli, Klebsiella spp. and Ent. cloacae were tested by VITEK2 AES. Results The resistant phenotypes for methicillin susceptible, and resistant Staphylococcus spp, producing ESBL E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and Ent. cloacae isolates, and inducible AmpC and hyperproduced AmpC Ent. cloacae isolates can be accurately identified by VITEK2 AES. The most Ent. cloacae strains for both producing ESBLs and hyperproduced AmpC were partially identified.Conclusion VITEK2 AES can be accurately identified most clinically important beta-lactam phenotypes and suggested additional therapeutic correction based on phenotype. Certain problems for Ent. cloacae in the study should be remediable with further work on AES.

AIM: To investigate the effect of Sini decoction (SND)on the ultrastructure of small intestinal epithelial cells in rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) Control group in which sham operation was performed; (2) Model group in which intestinal I/R was produced by clamping super mesenteric artery(SMA) for 1 hour and declamping SMA for 3 hours; (3) SND1 group in which SD (0.6 g/200 g rat) was given via stomach tube 3 d before intestinal I/R; (4) SND2 group in which SD (1.2 g/200 g rat)was given via stomach tube 3 d before intestinal I/R. A strip of small intestine was taken from distal end of ileum for electron microscopic examination. The two-dimensional structural parameters and three-dimensional structural parameters of mitochondria were calculated. RESULTS: (1)Morphological changes of small intestine: In control group, epithelial cells were orderly arranged, with normal mitochondria and intestinal villi. In model group, the gaps between epithelial cells widened. There were a lot of apoptotic cells. Microvilli were short and swelled. Mitochondria were swelled obviously with broken ridges. Endoplasmatic reticulum was severely dilated. In SND1 and SND2 groups, microvilli and epithelial cells were orderly arranged relatively, mitochondria was slightly swelled. (2) Structural parameters of mitochondria: In model group, there were the least mitochondria and the swelling of mitochondria was severe. In SND1 and SND2 groups, the mitochondria was more than that of model group and the swelling were slight. CONCLUSION: Sini decoction can protect small intestine from ischemia-reperfusion injury without dose-dependent effect.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between the paraoxonase (PON) genes variants and Alzheimer's disease (AD) using systematic review with meta-analysis.Methods Relevant studies were identified by searching English and Chinese databases extensively.Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the quality of included studies.The odds ratio (OR) was calculated using a random-effects or fixed-effects model.A Q statistic was used to evaluate homogeneity,and fail-safe number,Egger's test and funnel plot were used to assess publication bias.Results A total of 15 studies were included and identified for the current meta-analysis.The NOS scores ranged from 7 to 8,meaning good quality of studies.It was found that the SS genotype of PON2 S311C polymorphism had an significant association with AD in the studied population (OR=0.82,P=0.04).However,there was no significant relationship between other three genetic variants of PON genes and AD.Conclusions Existing evidence indicated that the PON2 S311C polymorphism (SS genotype) was associated with risk of AD in studied population.Future studies with larger sample sizes will be necessary to confirm the present results.

Objective To investigate the hygienic status of large bottles of medical ultrasonic coupling gel in medical institution.Methods From February 2012 to April 2016, microbial contamination of large bottles of medical ultrasonic coupling gel in a women and children''s hospital was investigated and analyzed through on-the-spot random sampling and detection method.Results A total of 170 large bottles of medical ultrasonic coupling gel specimens were collected, 25 specimens were qualified, the qualified rate was 14.71％.Specimens were mainly from inpatient wards(58.24％) and operating departments(21.76％);there was no statistical difference in the qualified rate of specimens in each department(P>0.05).Contamination rates of coupling gel before and after the opening were both>80％, difference was not significant(P>0.05).A total of 145 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, 18 of which were from unopened bottles, and 127 from opened bottles.Burkholderia cepacia was the main strain in both unopened and opened bottles, which accounting for 83.33％ and 54.33％ respectively,in addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens were also isolated from opened bottles, both were 15.75％, mixed contamination bacteria all included Serratia marcescens Conclusion The total bacteria counts in medical ultrasonic coupling gel in large bottles exceed the standard seriously, the manufacturer should strictly observe the quality control standards, medical institutions should adopt effective cleaning and disinfection measures.

AIM: To quest the relationship bwteen BDNF and seizures. METHODS: BDNF and other correlative proteins in the hippocampus of audioepileptic rat (P77PMC) have been detected by immunohistochemistry at different stages of seizures including quiet stage, preconvulsive stage, convulsive stage and postconvulsive stage. Wistar rats were served as controls. RESULTS: At quiet stage, the BDNF in the hippocampus of P77PMC were less than that of control group and stepped up after stimulation, trkB in the hippocampus of P77PMC were high at every stages, but PY20 were increased only after stimulation. NPY in the hippocampus of P77PMC were in a low level before seizures. CONCLUSION: The endogenetic BDNF may alter the excitement of P77PMC by adjusting the expression of NPY in hippocampus and activating its receptor trkB.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Rh2 on HepG2 cells and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods: We used lentivirus carrying β-catenin to infect HepG2 cell, and detected expression of β-catenin using fluorescence microscopy.The effect of Rh2 on proliferation of HepG2-β-catenin and HepG2 cells was measured by CKK-8 assay,and flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis.The activity of Gsk-3βwas checked by ELISA kit.The expression of Gsk-3β,β-catenin,Bax,Bcl2,CyclinD1,MMP3 genes were measured by qRT-PCR.In order to checked the relationship between β-catenin and TCF4,CHIP assay kit was used,the expression of Bax,Bcl2,CyclinD1,MMP3 genes were measured by PCR.The expressions of Gsk-3β,β-catenin,Bax,Bcl2,CyclinD1,MMP3 proteins were examined by Western blot.Results:HepG2 cells were successfully infected by pLOV-EF1a-MCS-3FLAG-β-catenin lentivirus,named HepG2-β-catenin.CCK-8 showed that ginsenoside Rh2 could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 and HepG2-β-catenin cells in vitro,which exhibits a dose-dependent manner at range of 10-160 μmol/L Rh2.The IC50 of Rh2 exposure on HepG2 cell for 48,72 h were 100 μmol/L and 58.12 μmol/L,but the IC50 of Rh2 exposure on HepG2-β-catenin for 48,72 h were 129.2 μmol/L,83.33 μmol/L,respectively.The IC50 of Rh2 exposure on HepG2-β-catenin cell was higher than HepG2 cell, compared with HepG2 group the differences was statistically significant ( P<0.01 ).Flow cytometry indicated that Rh2 could arrest HepG2 and HepG2-β-catenin cells in G0/G1 phase;the cell population in G0/G1 phase of HepG2+Rh2 group was(64.57±0.65)%,HepG2-β-catenin+Rh2 group was(58.61±2.01)%.Flow cytometry indicated that Rh2 could induced early apoptosis in HepG2 and HepG2-β-catenin cells.The apoptosis rate of HepG2 +Rh2 group was (17.27 ±2.77)%,HepG2-β-catenin +Rh2 group(9.02 ±1.76)%.The ELISA results indicated that HepG2 cells was induced by Rh2 for 12,24,48,72 h,the activity of Gsk-3βgradually increased,peak in 48 h,then decreased.Compared with control group,Rh2 induced HepG2 and HepG2-β-catenin cells for 48 hours, Gsk-3βactivity were increased, and their activity reduced after adding Bio, there were no significant differences between HepG2+Rh2 and HepG2-β-catenin+Rh2 groups.The PCR,CHIP and WB results showed that the expression of Gsk-3β,Bax gene and proteins increased,while theβ-catenin,CyclinD1,Bcl2,MMP3 gene and proteins down-regulation in HepG2 and HepG2-β-catenin cell induced by Rh2.Compared with HepG2-β-catenin +Rh2 group, the expression of other gene and proteins changed significantly,however,Gsk-3βwas no significant difference.Conclusion:Over-expression of β-catenin may weaken the phar-macological effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on HepG2 cells.The activity of Gsk-3βwas increased by ginsenoside Rh2 to degradeβ-catenin, affecting the expression of downstream genes,promoting apoptosis of liver cancer cells and inhibiting metastasis.

Objective:To study the mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 inhibiting HepG2 cells migration.Methods:HepG2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were cultured in 96-well plates,which were induced by different concentration Rh2,respectively for 24,48,72 hours.The cell inhibition was detected by Cell Counting Kit.Transwell chambers was used to checked HepG2 cell migration ability;luciferase was tested by Luciferase Reporter Assay system reagent;The expressions of P-ERK,ERK,P-P38,P-38,P-JUK,JUK,MMP3 proteins were detect by Western blot;the expression of AP1,MMP3 gene were detected by Quantitative PCR;The expression of AP1, MMP3 fluorescence protein were observed by fluorescence microscopy.Results:Administrated with different concentration of Rh2 after 24 ,48 ,72 h,the proliferation of HepG2 cells were inhibited ( P<0.05) ,and in dose-and time-dependent manner.Transwell assay showed Rh2 could significantly inhibited migration of HepG2 cells.The expressions of P-ERK , MMP3 proteins were significantly decreased,the expressions of P-JUK, P-P38 proteins were significantly increased, expression levels of ERK, P-38, JUK were no significant difference.Expression of AP1,MMP3 gene were significantly decreased,the expressions of AP1,MMP3 fluorescence proteins were significantly decreased.Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rh2 can activate MAPK pathway to inhibit the migration of HepG2 cells.

The perioperative shivering, as one of the adverse reactions during cesarean sections, has many bad influences on the parturients and the neonates. Several studies have already explored in the evaluation methods, risk factors, possible mechanisms, and effective prevention measures for the occurrence of perioperative shivering during cesarean sections. This article will make a review on the basis of literature, hoping to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of shivering during the perioperative period of cesarean section.

Objective To analyze horizontal transmission patterns of Streptococcus mutans among caries-active preschool children for early interventions of dental caries. Methods Plaque samples obtained from 20 caries-active preschool children between 4 and 5 years of age were cultured under anaerobic conditions for isolating S. mutans, which were identified by morphological and biochemical analyses and PCR using primers homologous to the surface protein glucosyltransferase B (gtfB). The genotypes of the isolated S. mutans strains were determined by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR). Results Of the 200 S. mutans isolates obtained, 19 were excluded by biochemical analysis, and the remaining 181 isolates were identified as S. mutans by PCR with primers of gtfB, showing 37 different genotypes as identified by AP-PCR. Six children were found to carry S. mutans of a single genotype, 11 carried 2 genotypes, 2 had 3 genotypes, and 1 had 4 genotypes;2 children from different classes were found to carry S. mutans of the same single genotype. Conclusion We identified 37 genotypes of S. mutans in these caries-active preschool children, among whom horizontal transmissions of the strains were not found.

Objective To analyze horizontal transmission patterns of Streptococcus mutans among caries-active preschool children for early interventions of dental caries. Methods Plaque samples obtained from 20 caries-active preschool children between 4 and 5 years of age were cultured under anaerobic conditions for isolating S. mutans, which were identified by morphological and biochemical analyses and PCR using primers homologous to the surface protein glucosyltransferase B (gtfB). The genotypes of the isolated S. mutans strains were determined by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR). Results Of the 200 S. mutans isolates obtained, 19 were excluded by biochemical analysis, and the remaining 181 isolates were identified as S. mutans by PCR with primers of gtfB, showing 37 different genotypes as identified by AP-PCR. Six children were found to carry S. mutans of a single genotype, 11 carried 2 genotypes, 2 had 3 genotypes, and 1 had 4 genotypes;2 children from different classes were found to carry S. mutans of the same single genotype. Conclusion We identified 37 genotypes of S. mutans in these caries-active preschool children, among whom horizontal transmissions of the strains were not found.