OBJECTIVE To study the characteristic of the lower respiratory tract infection in patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension,and find out the measures of prevention and control. METHODS The discharged patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension from Jan 2002 to Dec 2004 underwent retrospective investigation and analysis for the sites and reasons and the results of bacterial culture. RESULTS The incidence of the lower respiratory tract infection in patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension was 55.55%.Major infection factors correlated with neurogenic pulmonary edema, irritable hyperglycemia,bulbar paralysis,etc.The Gram-nagative bacteria were predominant among the pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The infections are interrelated with many factors.Abiding by the principle of using antibiotic and the strict aseptic manipulation may reduce the occurrence of the infection,but treating the primary affection and the comprehensive therapy are important measures for reducing infection.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effetive,toxicity and survial rate of non-operation esophageal carcinoma patients treated by tegafur plus cisplatin combined with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).Methods 184 cases of non-operation patients with esophageal carcinoma were divided into two groups.The cases of treatment group were treated by cisplatin and tegafur.The cases of control group were treated by cisplatin and 5-Fu.All patients received 3D-CRT,and the total radiation dose was 50-70 Gy.Each group had 14 cases treated with primary chemotherapy for 1 course,28 cases for 2 courses,and 50 cases without any chemotherapy.Results The recent effect rate was 69.57 ％ (64/92) in treatment group and 67.39 ％ (62/92) in control group,there was no statistical difference (x2 =0.101,P =0.874).Radioactive esophagitis and leukopenia were the main side effect of treatment.The treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group,the difference had statistical significance.The 1-,2-and 3-year survival rates were 74.9 ％,61.6 ％,52.8 ％,respectively in treatment group and 75.8 ％,56.9 ％,48.0 ％,respectively in control group.The control group survival rates were significantly higher than the treatment group,the difference had statistical significance (x2 =7.325,P =0.007).Conclusions Cisplatin plus tegafur or 5-Fu combined with 3D-CRT is effective way of treatment for non-operation of esophageal carcinoma.The toxicity of cisplatin plus tegafur group is significantly lower than cisplatin plus 5-Fu group,therefor it can improve the quality of life of the patients obviously.

OBJECTIVE To explore the occurring characteristic and curing measures of hospital infection for inpatients with cardiovascular disease.METHODS The data of hospital infection for inpatients with cardiovascular disease from Jan to Dec,2004 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS The total incidence of hospital infection was 3.38% for inpatients with cardiovascular disease.The infection located as follows: 157 patients were in lower respiratory tract(48.2%);66 patients in upper respiratory tract(20.2%);40 patients in urinary tract(12.3%);33 patients in gastrointestinal tract(10.1%);and 18 patients were in cutis tissue ((5.5%).) CONCLUSIONS Pneumonia is one of the inducing factors to heart failure for patients with cardiovascular disease.Applying antibiotics reasonably,aseptic operation and treating the primary affection could decrease the incidence of hospital infection.

ObjectiveTo assess cost-effectiveness of pramipexole and levodopa/benseraside in the hospitalized Parkinson's disease (PD) patient.Methods81 PD patients were divided into group A(levodopa/benserazide group) and group B( pramipexole combined with levodopa/benserazide group) according to different pharmacotherapy.The curative effects and costs of hospitalized PD patients were evaluated.The curative effects were evaluated by unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS).ResultsThere were 44 patients in group A and 37 patients in group B.Although B group in drug costs and treatment costs were increased more significantly than A group ( P ＜0.01),but declined markedly UPDRS after treatment ( P ＜ 0.05 ) than A group.Pramipexole can be applied in all kinds of Hoehn and Yahr states in PD.ConclusionAlthough the combination of pramipexole would increase drug costs and treatment costs,but could improve the clinical symptoms of PD,and can be applied to different stages of PD.It should be individualized recommendation in the Parkinson's patients.

After ischemic stroke, secondary damages such as neuron loss, gliosis, and axonal degeneration occur in the nonischemic remote brain regions that have synaptic connections with the primary infarction site.These secondary damages in the remote brain regions may affect the recovery of neurological function.Several advanced neuroimaging techniques have been used to detect these secondary damages.This article reviews the research progress in this field.

Objective To evaluate the effects of Aidi injection on the short-term curative effect,pain level,quality of life and the survival time for the elderly and infirm patients with advanced cancer.Methods A total of 143 elderly patients with advanced cancer were randomly divided into two groups,71 patients in control group were treated with routine support therapies,and 72 patients in treatment group were injected with 50-60 ml Aidi injection infused in NS 250 ml by i.v drip every day combined with routine medicines,each cycle was 21 days,all patients were received for 2 cycles.Results After treatment the short-term curative effect rate (CR+PR) was 2.8 ％ (2/72) only compared with no effect of control group.But the effective and stabilization rate (CR+PR+SD) was 66.7 ％ (48/72),it was 31.0 ％ (22/71) in control group.There was significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The overall effective rate of easement of pain was 67.7 ％ (48/72) in treatment group versus 36.1％ (13/36) in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The median survival time (MST) was 6.2 months in treatment group versus 5.1 months in control group (P ＞ 0.05).The quality of life in treatment group was improved obviously (P ＜ 0.05).The side effects of patients in treatment group were very slight.Conclusions Aidi injection can reduce the cancer pain,improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time of the elderly and infirm patients with advanced cancer.It is safe,and effective to inhibit growth of tumor.It can be recommended widely to clinical use.

Chronic cough is a very common symptom of children presenting to pediatric practitioners,moreover,chronic wet cough is especially troublesome for children's health.Since protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common cause of chronic wet cough in children,it is of great importance to timely identify PBB from children with chronic cough.Now,the clinical features and diagnostic clues of PBB,as well as the diagnostic criteria of PBB based on microbiology are introduced;it is also proposed that comprehensive and reliable consultation,detailed physical examination and related laboratory tests are needed when identifying PBB out of children with chronic wet cough.For infants and young children,in particular those with persistent wet cough and without any specific changes of chest radiography and other specific cough pointers (eg,upper airway cough syndrom,cough type asthma,respiratory tract infection with specific pathogen,foreign body),the diagnosis of PBB should be taken into consideration and clinical observation and follow-up are needed to reevaluate.

Objective To analyze the clinical effects of thrombolytic therapy in patients with ischemic in-hos-pital stroke (IHS). Methods The clinical data were collected from patients with ischemic IHS in the last five years. The patients were divided into thrombolysis group and non-thrombolysis group, according to the use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) treatment. The clinical outcomes were measured by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at discharge. Results There were a total of 121 patients in this study. There were 6 patients in thrombolysis group and 115 patients in the non-thrombolysis group, respectively. Six patients (100%) in the thrombolysis group achieved favor-able outcomes (mRS 0~2) at discharge whereas only 42 patients (36.5%) in the non-thrombolysis group achieved fa-vourable outcomes. The rate of favorable outcomes was significantly higher in the thrombolysis group than in the non-thrombolysis group (P<0.05). Conclusions R-tPA thrombolytic therapy can improve the prognosis of patients with ischemic IHS.

Objective To analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture in Sichuan province from 2011 to 2016. Methods The registration data of PTB in 618 townships of Liangshan from 2011 to 2016 were collected from"Tuberculosis Management Information System of National Disease Prevention and Control Information System". Software ArcGIS 10.2 was used to establish the geographic information database and realize the visualization of the analysis results. Software OpenGeoda 1.2.0 was used to conduct the analyses on global indication of spatial autocorrelation (GISA) and local indication of spatial autocorrelation (LISA). Software SaTScan 9.4.1 was used for spatio-temporal scanning analysis. Results From 2011 to 2016, the registration rate of smear positive PTB in Liangshan declined from 56.97/100000 (2666 cases) to 21.11/100000 (1038 cases). The global spatial autocorrelation coefficient Moran's I ranged from 0.25 to 0.45 and the difference was significant (all P=0.000). Local autocorrelation analysis showed that"high-high"area covered 43, 34, 37, 34, 42 and 61 townships from 2011 to 2016, respectively, mainly in Leibo county. Spatial temporal clustering analysis found one class Ⅰ clustering in the area around Bagu township of Meigu county and two class Ⅱ clustering in the areas around Liumin and Hekou township of Huili county, respectively (all P=0.000). Conclusion Obvious spatial temporal clustering of smear positive PTB distribution was found in Liangshan from 2011-2016. Hot spot areas with serious smear positive PTB epidemic and high spread risk were mainly found in northeastern Liangshan, including townships in Leibo and Meigu counties. Targeted TB prevention and control should be conducted in these areas.