AIM: To investigate effect of naringenin on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and its possible mechanism.METHODS: The levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in the platelets with ADP stimulation using ELISA in the presence or absence of different concentrations of naringenin.The effect of naringenin at different concentrations on the change of phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity was measured by high efficiency liquid chromatography.The effects of naringenin at different concentrations on phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at positions Ser157 and Ser239 in washed platelets with ADP stimulation were analyzed by Western blot.The phosphorylation of VASP at Ser239 was also analyzed in the presence of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase G (PKG), or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors before incubation with naringenin.The platelet aggregation was measured in the presence of PKA or PKG inhibitors before incubation with naringenin.RESULTS: Naringenin elevated cGMP levels significantly but not cAMP levels in the platelets with ADP stimulation in a dose-dependent manner.Naringenin inhibited PDE activity.Naringenin increased the phosphorylation of VASP at Ser239 in a dose-dependent manner in the platelets with ADP stimulation but only modest changes in the phosphorylation at position Ser157.The phosphorylation level of VASP at Ser239 position was inhibited when the platelets were treated with PKA inhibitor before incubation with naringenin.Incubation of platelets with neither PKG nor PKC inhibitors before treatment with naringenin affect the phosphorylation of VASP at Ser239.Pretreatment with PKA inhibitor but not PKG inhibitor significantly reversed the antiplatelet aggregation by naringenin in ADP-stimulated platelets.CONCLUSION: Naringenin may inhibit platelet activation through the elevation of cGMP-and PKA-mediated VASP phosphorylation.

Objective To investigate the application value of color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment of uterine scar pregnancy. Methods The sonographic characteristics of 34 patients of uterine scar pregnancy were analyzed. The changes of blood flow and the resistance index (RI) were compared before and after conservative treatment. Meanwhile, the therapeutic effect was evaluated referencing to the changes of β-hCG in blood. Results Uterine scar pregnancies were classfied into three subtypes according to ultrasonic characteristics: Type Ⅰ: embryo sac (n=16 cases);Type Ⅱ: asymmetrical mass (n=14);Type Ⅲ: mixed type (embryo sac+asymmetrical mass, n=4). Peri-myometrium of the gastrula and the mass had abundant blood flow and lower RI before treatment, while rare blood flow and middle RI were found 4 weeks after treatment. There was statistical significance in the change of RI between before and four weeks, after treatment. Conclusion Uterine scar pregnancy has characteristic ultrasonogram. Color Doppler ultrasound may precise diagnose and localize uterine scar pregnancy, playing an important role in guiding the conservative treatment schedule, evaluating the therapeutic effect and following-up of these patients.

AIM: To investigate the antiplatelet aggregation of naringenin and its possible mechanism . METHODS:The effects of naringenin at different concentrations on adenosine diphosphate ( ADP)-induced platelet aggre-gation and platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen were detected by aggregational detector and observed under fluores -cence microscope, respectively.The expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the phosphorylation of Akt were analyzed by Western blot .RESULTS:Naringenin significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-de-pendent manner in vitro and in vivo, and inhibited platelet ' s spreading on immobilized fibrinogen in vitro.Further studies indicated that naringenin inhibited platelet activation accompanied by attenuating not only the activation of PI 3K, but also the phosphorylation of Akt .Moreover, naringenin combined with LY294002 additively inhibited the ADP-induced platelet aggregation.CONCLUSION:Naringenin may inhibit platelet activation by regulation of PI 3K/Akt signaling pathway.

AIM: To investigate the multidrug resistance(MDR),reversal activity of 2-[4-(2-pyridin-2-yl-vinyl) henyl]-4,5-bis-(4-N,N-diethylaminophenyl)-1(H)-imidazole(FG020318) in a retinoblastoma subline SO-Rb50/VCR,which is resistant to vincristine.METHODS: The procedure of stepwise increase in drug concentrations was used to obtain SO-Rb50/VCR,which was resistant to 200 ?g/L vincristine. The chemosensitivity of this drug resistant cell line with and without FG020318 or cyclosporine A(CSA) were detected by MTT assay and the function of p-glycoprotein(P-gp) was examined by rhodamine 123 accumulation detected with flow cytometry(FCM).RESULTS: FG020318(2.5 ?mol/L) significantly reduced IC50 and increased the rhodamine accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. It was much stronger than the positive control CSA in reversal of MDR.CONCLUSION: A new tumor MDR modulator FG020318 partly reverses MDR in SO-Rb50/VCR.It may be a promising new drug to tackling MDR.

Objective To explore a new method for lacrimal passage irrigation after laser dacryocystoplasty surgery. Method One-hundred patients (104 eyes), which underwent laser dacryocystoplasty surgery combined with lacrimal drainage tube indwelling, were divided into two groups. In Group A (50 patients, 52 eyes), lacrimal passage irrigation was performed by traditional No.5 needle. While in Group B (50 patients, 52 eyes), it was done by No.7 blunt round needle designed by the researchers. Lacrimal passage irrigation was performed three times, each at the 3rd day, 1 week and 1 month after surgery. The silicone tube was removed 3 months after surgery and the treatment was evaluated. Results The total effective rate was 64% (32/50) in Group A and 92%(46/50) in Group B. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=18.537, P < 0.01). Conclusions The No.7 blunt round needle showed better effect when used for lacrimal passage irrigation after laser dacryocystoplasty surgery. It could improve the efficiency of lacrimal passage irrigation, thus decreasing irrigation times and reducing psychological pressure for the patients, which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To establish and improve the quality standard for Lanqiao Jiedu oral liquid. Methods:A TLC was used for the qualitative identification of Forsythiae Fructus, Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix Et Rhizoma and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. An HPLC was used for the qualitative identification of Isatidis Radix. Forsythin in Forsythiae Fructus was quantitatively identified by HPLC. Results:Forsythiae Fructus, Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix Et Rhizoma and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma showed clear spots and there was no interfer-ence from the negative control. The HPLC further confirmed Isatidis Radix was ( R, S)- epigoitrin. Quantitative study of forsythin re-vealed good specificity without interference from the negative control. Conclusion: The study provides an improved quality standard with high specificity and reproducibility, which can be applied in the quality control of Lanqiao Jiedu oral liquid.

Background and purpose:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy which is the third incidence and the fourth mortality in the worldwide. The main reason for the development of CRC is that the changes of genetic and epigenetic causes the tumor suppressor gene methylation silencing. This study aimed to investigate the plasma and stool GATA5 gene promoter methylation was detected in clinical diagnosis of CRC. Methods: To collect the paired plasma and stool specimens of 34 cases of healthy and 43 cases of patients with CRC. Methylation speciifc PCR (MSP) was respectively detected the GATA5 gene methylation levels of GATA5 gene in plasma and stool. And then separately analyzed their correlations with clinical and pathological parameters in gastric carcinoma. Results: The result of MSP showed that GATA5 gene promoter methylation rates in plasma and stool of CRC patients were 60.74%, 76.60%, respectively, were higher than those of healthy persons (6.47%, 32.35%). And the differences were statistically signiifcant (P=0.006 7, P=0.000 2, respectively). GATA5 gene methylation rates in plasma of CRC patients were closely related to clinical stage (P=0.000 5) and lymph node metastasis(P=0.020), while GATA5 gene methylation rates in stool of CRC patients had no signiifcant with clinical and pathological parameters. Conclusion:Detection of faecal GATA5 gene methylation level and supplemented plasma GATA5 gene methylation level can become a simple, non-invasive, sensitive and speciifc method for clinical diagnosis of CRC.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of the promoter methylation of plasma RNF180 gene and its protein ex-pression for the detection of gastric cancer. Methods:Methylation-specific polymerase-chain reaction (MSP) and enzyme-linked immu-no-sorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to detect DNA methylation and protein expression of the RNF180 gene, respectively. The correlations of DNA methylation and protein expression of the RNF180 gene with the clinico-pathological parameters of gastric carcino-ma were then separately analyzed. Results:MSP showed that the methylation rates of the RNF180 gene were 62.75%and 21.88%in the plasma of patients with gastric carcinoma and healthy volunteers, respectively;this result indicated that the two groups significantly differed (P<0.01). The methylation of the RNF180 gene was associated with tumor size, clinical stage, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis (P<0.05). ELISA results showed that the protein expression of the RNF180 gene [(23.22 ± 1.36)μg/mL] was significantly lower (P<0.01) in the plasma of patients with gastric carcinoma than in the plasma of healthy volunteers [(34.25 ± 2.44)μg/mL]. However, the protein expression of the RNF180 gene was not associated with clinicopathological parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion:The RNF180 gene is expressed at a hypermethylation rate, and the corresponding protein expression level is de-creased in the plasma of individuals with gastric carcinoma. Therefore, RNF180 gene methylation in plasma could be applied to detect microinvasion for the clinical diagnosis of gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation betwen varying degrees of non-acute tinnitus and anxiety and depression. METHOD: Seventy-seven outpatients with non-acute tinnitus as their in chief complaint were submitted to Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). RESULT: THI and its three subscales were found to have significant correlations with SAS and SDS. The group (THI ≥ 38) had more anxiety and depression than the mild (THI < 38). Significant correlations were also observed between THI, SAS and SDS in the group with THI ≥ 38, in contrast with the group of THI < 38. CONCLUSION Patients with THI ≥ 38 suffered from severe anxiety and depression than the mild. Doctors should pay more attention to these patients, especially their psychological disorders.
Anxiety ; complications ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Humans ; Personality Inventory ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tinnitus ; complications ; psychology

Objective:To investigate the features, diagnostic value and clinical significance of prenatal ultrasound for umbilical cord ulcer (UCU).Methods:Ultrasonographic characteristics of three fetuses with UCU diagnosed at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2014 to June 2020 were reviewed. Relevant articles published from January 1, 1990, to June 1, 2020, were retrieved from Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed databases and analyzed. Likelihood ratio, adjusted Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the association between the pathological results and fetal outcomes. Results:(1) Among the three fetuses with UCU, two were complicated by upper gastrointestinal obstruction and one by intrauterine infection. Two of them survived and one died after birth. Prenatal ultrasound examination of the umbilical cord and amniotic cavity showed one case was normal, while the other two showing features such as flocculent hypoechoic sign around the umbilical cord, cloudy hyperechoic sign ejecting from the umbilical cord lesion in dynamic observation, exposed umbilical vessels and ribbon-like echo around the umbilical cord. (2) No reported case of UCU had been found in any publications in China. A total of 39 reported cases of UCU complicated by duodenal or jejunal obstruction were retrieved from English literature, among which intrauterine fetal death, neonatal death and live births accounted for 30.8% (12/39), 28.2% (11/39) and 41.0% (16/39), respectively. Six cases with intrauterine abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound survived after emergent cesarean section, showing a positive detection rate of 15.4% (6/39), of which three obtained a snapshot of umbilical cord bleeding and three were characterized by lamellar and linear echoes around the amniotic cavity or umbilical cord. Hemorrhagic amniotic fluid was observed in 66.7% (26/39) of the fetuses and decreased heart rate occurred in 35.9%(14/39). The site, number and pathological grade of UCU were not related to the pregnancy outcomes (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Prenatal ultrasound for detecting abnormalities in umbilical cord and amniotic cavity is of a certain value in the diagnosis of UCU. Lamellar and linear echoes around the umbilical cord may be the ultrasonographic characteristics of UCU. The real-time detection of UCU bleeding by prenatal ultrasound can provide direct evidence for timely clinical treatment.