Objective: To study the differences of the superficial masseter muscle morphology characteristics between adult high-angle and low-angle facial skeletal types. Methods: The subjects consisted of 37 yellow race adults,17 of them with high-angle facial skeletal type and 20 with low-angle. Ultrasound scanning was used to measure the perimeter, area, width, thickness, and length of masseter muscle. All the items were measured under relaxed, maximal clenching and maximal protrusive mandibular position.Results:①In the various mandibular positions, the masseter muscle size of adults with high-angle facial skeletal type was smaller than that of those with low-angle.②Except for the changes of width from the relaxed to maximal clenching position and from the relaxed to maximal protrusive position(P0.05).③Stature and weight influenced the size of the masseter muscle.Conclusion:The masseter muscle size of adult with high-angle facial skeletal type is smaller than that of those with low-angle.

OBJECTIVE:To introduce the research progress of biliary tract prosthesis,to analyze the reason of complication following stent implantation,and to explore the biocompatibility of various biliary tracts and host. METHODS:We retrieved Medline database (1989/2009) and CNKI (1989/2009) using the computer. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,the literatures were screened by the first author,and the data were collected,and the quality was evaluated. We described and arranged the treatment progress of biliary tract prosthesis implantation,complication of stent implantation and biocompatibility of biliary tract prosthesis to investigate treatment state,complication and biocompatibility of the biliary tract prosthesis. RESULTS:The literatures were summarized. The bilitary tract prosthesis contains plastic stent,mental stent,silica gel tract stent and degradable polylactic acid stent. The complications of stent implantation included transudation,hemorrhage,perforation and stenosis. Among various stents,the biocompatibility of plastic stent was poor,easy to be blocked,but the price was low,and easy to be taken out. The diameter of mental stent following distension could reach 7-10 mm,with long unobstructed time,but the price was higher compared with the plastic stent. The biocompatibility of silica gel tract stent was good. The silica gel tract had strong decay resistance and pliable texture,which could extend tumor excision range and elevate curative effects. Moreover,complications did not occur such as infection and stenosis of the biliary tract. Biocompatibility of nickel-titanium alloy biliary ducts was significantly better than the stent products,without complications. With the exception of price factor,the biocompatibility of degradable polylactic acid stent was the best,but further studies were needed to observe and study the formation of biliary sludge,stent displacement and blockage,stent degradation products. CONCLUSION:Biliary tract prosthesis implantation can be an important treatment method for stenosis of biliary tract. During treatment,enough preparation is needed prior to implantation according to various clinical symptoms to select suitable stent type. Indications are followed strictly to avoid the occurrence of complications. The biocompatibility of silica gel stent and Ni-Ti alloy stent is good,but the biocompatibility of other stents should be enhanced.

The valuators affect the results of performance evaluation directly.By construing the objective requirements of performance evaluation,the motivation of stakeholders,and the diversity of evaluating objects,we then set forth the necessity of valuator's multipluralism in the performance evaluation of comprehensive prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.We also put forward another pertinent advice that multiplural valuators should take part in general HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment evaluation,thus providing a reference for guaranteeing the results of performance evaluation,and the advancement and improvement in the performance of HIV/AIDS comprehensive prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the biological function of IFN-λ in 7 human esophageal carcinoma cells. MethodsThe gene expression of IL-28α, IL-10β and antiviral molecule was examined with PCR. The MHC molecules expression and the profiles of cell cycle were analyzed with flow cytometer. Cell proliferation was evaluated with MTT assay. ResultsAll of esophageal carcinoma cells express the gene of II-28α and IL-10β. IFN-λ induced or augmented the gene expression of antiviral molecules, 2′5′-OAS and MxA. IFN-λ enhanced the MHC class Ⅰ molecule expression. IFN-λ inhibited the growth of esophageal carcinoma cells through the regulation of cell cycle distribution. ConclusionEsophageal carcinoma cells express the IFN-λ receptor complex. IFN-λ has the antiviral, anti-proliferative and immunoregulation activity.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology for organic acids in Crataegi fructus. METHODS:Based on sin-gle factor test,using liquid-solid ratio,extraction time and ethanol volume fraction as independent variables,extraction yield of or-ganic acids as dependent variable,central composite design-response surface method was used to optimize the extraction technology of organic acids in Crataegi fructus. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology was as follow as liquid-solid ratio of 18.5:1, adding 75% ethanol,reflux extraction twice,2.0 h each time. Average extraction yield of organic acids in verification test was 5.22%(RSD=2.70%,n=3),with 1.75% relative error of the predicted value(5.13%). CONCLUSIONS:Optimized extraction technology for organic acids in Crataegi fructus is simple,with good reproducibility and predictability.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to compare the differences of craniofacial characteristics of adult high-angle and low-angle facial skeletal types.

METHODSThe subjects consisted of 37 yellow race adults (17 high-angle, 20 low-angle). Fifty-three items of cephlometic radiographs were analyzed.

RESULTSThe angle of N-S-Ar and N-S-Ba, the distance of Ptm-A, Co-Go, Po-NB, and S-Go, and the thickness of the mandibular symphysis in high-angle group were smaller than these in low-angle group. The angles of SN-OP, FH-OP, PP-OP, SN-MP, FH-MP, PP-MP, S-Ar-Go, mandibular angle(Ar-Go-Me), Y-angel and SUM, the distance of S-Co, N-Me, and ANS-Me in high-angle group were greater than these in low-angle group. The index of FHI, N-ANS/N-Me, and N-ANS/ANS-Me were smaller, and ANS-Me/N-Me larger in high-angle group. Although the means of Go-Po and FH-RP were smaller in high angle group, but no statistical difference were found.

CONCLUSIONThe craniofacial morphology of adult high-angle and low-angle facial skeletal types demonstrated significant differences, especially in lower facial form.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cephalometry ; Dental Occlusion ; Facial Bones ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Reference Values ; Skull ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Fränkel II appliance on the upper airway of children.

METHODSThe subjects consisted of 20 patients with Angle Class II, division I malocclusion (10 males and 10 females). The ages of all cases were ranged in 9-10 years. Each experimental subject was also served as self-control and cephalometric analysis was conducted.

RESULTSCompared with the results of pretreatment, the distance of PNS-Ba, SPP-SPPW, P-T, V-LPW and the Mcnamara line increased remarkably.

CONCLUSIONThe Fränkel II appliance can improve the sagittal dimensions of the upper airway in children.

Cephalometry ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; pathology ; therapy ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; instrumentation ; Pharynx ; anatomy & histology ; Radiography ; Respiratory System ; anatomy & histology ; Skull ; diagnostic imaging

Objective:To understand the incidence of sleep disorder in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients before antiviral therapy, and to explore its risk factors.Methods:200 newly treated HIV/AIDS patients who visited the Eighth Affiliated City Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January to June 2016 were randomly selected. According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), they were divided into a good sleep group and a Sleep disorder group; The influencing factors of sleep disorder in HIV/AIDS patients were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.Results:The incidence of Sleep disorder in 200 HIV/AIDS patients before antiviral therapy was 22.5%(45/200); CD4 + T cell count was (414.13±202.16)/μl; 29%(58/200) of patients had CD4 + T cell counts<200/μl. There were significant differences in CD4 + T cell count and the proportion of patients with syphilis infection, comorbidity anxiety and comorbidity depression between the good sleep group and the Sleep disorder group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that syphilis infection ( OR=4.606; 95% CI: 1.973-10.752; P<0.001), comorbidity anxiety ( OR=2.496; 95% CI: 1.086-5.737; P=0.031) and comorbidity depression ( OR=2.087; 95% CI: 0.915-4.760; P=0.040) were risk factors for sleep disorder in HIV/AIDS patients before antiviral treatment. Conclusions:The incidence of Sleep disorder in HIV/AIDS patients before antiviral therapy in Guangzhou is high, especially in patients with syphilis infection, comorbidity anxiety and comorbidity depression. The sleep disorder of HIV/AIDS patients should be assessed and detected early, and multiple interventions should be taken to improve sleep quality.

Objective To investigate the relation between the characteristics of CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration and the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 126 patients with triple-negative breast cancer undergoing preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the relation between CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration and clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, and Cox risk ratio regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors affecting disease-free survival time (DFS). Results High-density CD8+Tils was associated with age < 60 years old, high pathological grade and high clinical stage (P < 0.05). The pCR rate of high-density CD8+Tils group was higher than that of the low-density group (66.7% vs. 19.8%, P=0.000). The median DFS of the high-density group was significantly longer than that of the low-density group (49 vs. 25 months, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that high pathological grade, tumor diameter > 2 cm, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and CD8+Tils low-density infiltration were factors for poor prognosis (P < 0.05), and CD8+Tils was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion CD8+Tils may be an independent prognostic indicator for triple-negative breast cancer. The patients with high-density infiltration have high postoperative pCR rate, long DFS and better long-term efficacy.

Beta-thalassemia major(β-TM)is an inherited disease caused by a defect in the synthesis of globin. The disease requires long-term blood transfusion and iron chelator treatment, which can cause various secondary changes in the body and eye tissues. Compared with normal peers, β-TM patients will show changes in the eye such as steeper corneal curvature, shallower anterior chamber, increased lens thickness, shorter axial length, and reduced tear secretion. At the same time, nutritional deficiencies and the use of iron chelator drugs will increase the risk of complicated cataract and retinal degeneration, thus affecting the quality of life of β-TM patients.This article combines relevant domestic and foreign literatures to explore and review the changes in the eye of β-TM patients, with a view to providing valuable insights for clinical practice.