This paper presents a novel tactile feedback device in biofeedback. With apparent motion of tactual sense applied, the device gives the patient the ability to perform biofeedback in tactile and visual ways, and thus makes the patient more relaxed than other cases. With various types of feedbacks, the device can be satisfying and effective.

Objective To observe the abnormalities of speech production when developmental stutterers reading four-character Chinese words aloud and to discuss its etiology mechanisms. Methods The speech production results between the developmental stutterers and normal speakers when reading four-character Chinese words under the voice reaction time paradigm and computerize program in acoustic data analysis were compared. Results The voice duration time (VDT) of developmental stuttering group (791±82) ms was longer than that of the control group (687±93) ms (t=3.42,P<0.01),but the differences of voice reaction time (VRT) and voice error rate (VER) were not significant between these two groups. Conclusion The speech fluency disorders of developmental stuttering maybe mainly exist in the stage of speech movement, and probably due to the speech production disturbed with language processing.

Objective To examine the performance of developmental stutterers in processing Chinese character to determine their basic cognitive abilities of Chinese language.Methods The reaction time and error rates of developmental stutterers and fluent speakers were compared when they performed orthographic,phonetic and semantic judging tasks in the manual reaction time paradigm.Results The differences of reaction time in orthographic,phonetic and semantic judgment and the error rates in orthographic and semantic judgment between both groups were not significant(P>0.05);however,the difference of error rate in phonetic judgment between the both groups were nearly significant(P=0.053).Conclusion The only disability existed in developmental stutterers seems to be the in phonetic abstracting or encoding processes,which is partly in accordance with the covert repair hypothesis.

Objective This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Naoxinqing on non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet through network pharmacology,molecular docking and in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods ApoE-/-mice were given a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish the NAFLD model,followed by a 12-week Naoxinqing administration. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Naoxinqing on NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet,biochemical and histopathological experiments were performed,including assessment of blood lipids,liver function,serum inflammatory factors,as well as Hematoxylin and eosin (HE),Oil red O,and Sirius red staining of liver. Subsequently,network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were employed to predict the key targets of Naoxinqing. Finally,the mechanism of Naoxinqing was validated by Western Blot in HepG2 cells and liver tissue. Results The results of serum biochemistry and liver tissue pathology showed that Naoxinqing can significantly improve high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation,hepatocellular injury,and inflammation. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis results suggested that Naoxinqing may affect lipid metabolism through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway. Finally,in vitro cell experiment confirmed that the main mechanism of Naoxinqing is to activative the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway,upregulate the expression of downstream carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1A),promote fatty acid oxidation,and ultimately improve NAFLD. Conclusion This study demonstrated that Naoxinqing improved NAFLD by promoting fatty acid oxidation through the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.