To study the prevention of dauricine (Dau) on bradykinin (BK) induced alteration of intracellular calcium homeostasis and tau phosphorylation, fluorescence spectrophotometer with dual excitation was utilized to measure the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), MTT to detect cell viability and immuncytochemistry to examine tau phosphorylation. The results showed (1) cells treated with BK 1 μmol/L induced a transit increase in [Ca2+]i in all the cell lines detected, among them, the sustained increase of [Ca2+]i level was only seen in PS1Δ9/APPswe cell at 2 h and 24 h after the treatment. Dau (3μmol/L or 6 μmol/L) prevented BK-induced transit and sustained elevation and fluctuation of [Ca2+]i;(2) BK treatment decreased the cell metabolism detected at 2 h in PS1Δ9/APPswe and Dau antagonized the effect; (3) BK induces Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation at tau-1 epitope and Dau partially antagonized this effect. In conclusion,Dau inhibits BK-induced disturbance in intracellular calcium homeostasis and tau hyperphosphorylation at tau-1 sites.

Objective To analyze the genotype of Japaneso encephalitis virus (JEV) strains isola-ted in 2004 from mosquitoes collected in Bazhong city, Sichuan province of China, and the characters of amino acid in the PrM and E gene. Methods The isolated virus strains from mosquitoes were identified by biological, serological and molecular biology. PrM and E segments of the isolated JEV were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were purified and sequenced. Multiple alignment, phylogenetic and amino acid (AA) analysis were carried out by Clustal X (1.8) , MEGA4 and GENEDOC (3.2) . Results The total of 4688 mosquitoes were collected including Armigeres and Culex. Six isolates were identified be-longing to genotype 1 JEV. The comparison between new genotype 1 JEV strains and live attenuated vaccine strain SA14-14-2 in PrM and E gene showed that total 3 sites amino acid differences in PrM gene and 14 sites in E gene, respectively. Three sites (PrM2, 64 and 65 ) in PrM protein and four sites (E129, 222,327 and 366) in E protein were only belonging to genotype 1 JEV. Conclusion The new isolated JEV strains in Sichuan province belong to genotype 1. It suggests that the vaccine strain SA14-14-2 currently used for preventing Japanese encephalitis is able to protect people against JEV, although in the segments of it had some amino acid differences between vaccine strain and the epidemic genotype 1 JEV strains in PrM and E gene.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to determinate the prevalence of dating violence perpetration and victimization and to examine its relationship with childhood abuse among medical college students. Methods: Cluster sampling survey was carried out among 3 727 freshmen and sophomores in two medical colleges from Anhui Province. Information with general demographic variables, childhood abuse and dating violence was obtained. Logistic regression was used to identify the relationship of different types of childhood abuse and dating violence after controlled for confounding factors. Results: The rate of dating violence perpetration and victimization was 37.8% and 27.8%, respectively. Female students had higher childhood emotional abuse experience (61.9%) than male students (51.6%), while male students had higher childhood physical and sexual abuse (28.2% and 19.4%) than females (24.3% and 10.5%) (χ2=33.84，6.33，52.97，P<0.01). Results showed that increased dating violence perpetration [OR(95%CI)=1.71(1.48-1.98),1.55(1.33-1.82),1.75(1.43-2.15)]and victimization [OR(95%CI)=1.84(1.43-2.16),1.59(1.34-1.87),1.62(1.32-2.00)](P<0.01) among individuals with physical, emotional and sexual abuse after controlling for confounding variables. No gender difference was found within other groups in the relationship between childhood abuse and dating violence(P>0.05). Conclusion Childhood abuse experiences are associated with higher risk of dating violence perpetration and victimization among college students. Reducing childhood abuse is beneficial to the prevention and control of dating violence among medical college students.

Objective To examine the association of health literacy (HL) and screen time (ST) with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in middle school students, and to provide guidance for prevention on self-injuries in adolescents.

Objective: To explore the interaction of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students. Methods: From November 2015 to January 2016, 22 628 middle school students from Shenyang of Liaoning Province, Bengbu of Anhui Province, Xinxiang of Henan Province, Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chongqing Municipality, and Yangjiang of Guangdong Province were enrolled by using the multi-stage cluster convenience sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect the data including demographic information, health literacy, second-hand smoke exposure, and psychopathological symptoms. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the interaction of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students. Results: The age of students was (15.36±1.79) years old, of which 10 990 were boys, accounting for 48.6% of total students. The detection rate of psychopathological symptoms was 29.1% (6 581/22 628). The detection rate of psychopathological symptoms in those who were exposed to second-hand smoke was 38.1% (2 401/6 304), which was higher than that in the non-second-hand smoke exposure group [25.6% (4 180/16 324)] (P<0.001). The OR (95%CI) of the interaction between medium and low levels of overall health literacy, low level of interpersonal dimension of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure was 1.19 (1.15-1.24), 2.00 (1.92-2.10) and 1.59 (1.52-1.66), respectively. Conclusion There was a positive interaction between middle and low levels of overall health literacy, low level of interpersonal dimension of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students.

Objective: To analyze research hot spots and trends on myopia in children and adolescents in China, and to provide a reference for the future development of this research field. Methods: Using CiteSpace software, 725 eligible Chinese documents published over a 22 year period were sourced from CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Chinese databases, were analyzed during 2000-2021. The data were visualized by a keyword co occurrence map, and clustering, as well as burst and author cooperative networks. Results: The research field of myopia in children and adolescents in China had undergone three stages:an initial formation period, development period and rapid growth period, and it was expected that the annual number of papers will maintain an increasing trend in the future. "Myopia" "adolescents" "children" and "students" were the most frequent keywords(667, 535, 288, 47). The keyword burst "adolescents" started the earliest, and "students" had the largest burst strength and duration. Zhang Ning, Tang Wenting, Tao Fangbiao, Yang Xiao and others have made important contributions to this research field. Conclusion In recent years, the research focus in this field has gradually shifted toward the influencing factors, as well as prevention and treatment measures of child and adolescent myopia. The trend of myopia in young children and adolescents is obvious. In the future, research on the prevention, control and treatment of myopia in children and adolescents will become a hot spot.

The matrix metalloproteinases family (MMPs) are proteins related to tumor formation and metastasis that have attracted the attention of scholars in recent years. Tumor cells can secrete MMPs during malignant transformation, and the expression of MMPs in different malignant tumors is diverse, and different members of MMPs do not have exactly the same biological properties. Matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP-19) is a new member of MMPs whose secretion increases rapidly during the malignant transformation of cells and is released into the extracellular space to participate in biological processes such as proliferation, adhesion, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. In this paper, the progress of research on the biological properties of MMP-19 in tumors was reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the development of tumors, especially for studying the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.

Objective: To explore the association between the health literacy (HL) and smoking behaviors in middle school students. Methods: From November 2015 to January 2016, middle school students in Shenyang City of Liaoning Province, Bengbu City of Anhui Province, Xinxiang City of Henan Province, Ulanqab City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chongqing City and Yangjiang City of Guangdong Province were enrolled by using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. A total of 23 137 questionnaires were issued and 22 628 questionnaires were valid. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information, HL and smoking behaviors. The low, middle, and high-level group were classified according to the tertile of HL score. A multiple logistic regression model was conducted to explore the association between the HL and smoking behaviors. Results: The age of subjects was (15.4±1.8) years old, and HL score was (104.1±18.7) points. The proportion of former smoking, recent smoking and passive smoking was 9.2% (2 071), 2.8% (635) and 27.9% (6 304), respectively. The proportion of former smokers who tried to quit smoking was 50.1% (1 037/2 071). Compared to the high-level HL, the low-level HL increased the risk of former smoking [OR (95%CI): 1.85 (1.61−2.13)], recent smoking [OR (95%CI): 1.68 (1.33−2.14)] and passive smoking [OR (95%CI): 1.34 (1.23−1.46)], and decreased the likelihood of smoking cessation [OR (95%CI): 0.70 (0.53−0.92)], after adjusting for the gender, school type, registered residence, household structure, accommodation type, educational level of patients, and self-reported family economic status. Conclusion The HL of middle school students was related to their smoking behaviors.

Objective: To explore the association between middle school students health literacy and bully victimization and associated sex difference, and to provide guidance for bully prevention in adolescents. Methods: During November 2017 to January 2018, 18 900 junior and senior high school students were enrolled from Hefei of Anhui Province, Shenyang of Liaoning Province, Yangjiang of Guangdong Province and Chongqing by multistage cluster sampling. A self rated questionnaires were used to collect demographic information, health literacy, and bully victimization. Group differences by different characteristics and the association between health literacy and bully victimization were analyzed. Results: The detection rates of campus and cyber bullying victimization were 15.8% (2 992/18 900) and 9.1% (1 723/18 900). Boys, junior high school students, students with poor family financial status and few close friends had a detection rate of 28.0%, 18.8%, 23.3%, and 33.6% of school bullying, which are higher than those of the control group ( χ 2=225.64, 148.07, 141.13, 143.49, P <0.01); boys, students with poor household income and few close friends, the detection rates of cyber bullying were 10.9%, 14.4%, and 20.1%, respectively, are higher than the control group ( χ 2=62.96, 112.82, 88.49, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that students with low overall and dimensions scores of health literacy were more likely to suffer from campus and cyber bullying, except for the dimension of physical activity. In addition, at all levels of health literacy, males are more likely to be bullied than females ( P <0.05). Conclusion Health literacy of middle school students is related to bully victimization, which is sex specific. Intervention programs of bullying should focus on health literacy enhancement.

Objective: To develop the Adolescent Mental Health Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (AMHLAQ), and to evaluate its reliability and validity among undergraduates. Methods: On the basis of the definition of mental health literacy (MHL) and the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) theory, this study constructed a total of 36 items consisting of four dimensions, and scores were measured according to a five point Likert type scale. Using a cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 826 freshmen and sophomore students from two medical schools in Anhui Province. The items were screened by performing t tests, Pearson s correlation coefficient analysis and factor analysis. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated using indicators including homogeneity reliability, the split half reliability coefficient, and construct validity. Results: Factor analysis revealed that the AMHLAQ consisted of 22 questions grouped into four domains. The variance cumulative contribution rate was 62.213%. The reliability result showed that the Cronbach s alpha coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.897, the split half reliability was 0.800, the Cronbach s coefficient of each dimension was 0.796 to 0.885, the split half reliability of each dimension was 0.725 to 0.846, and the indicators had a high level of reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was good ( χ 2/df =19.319, P <0.01; RMSEA=0.069). Conclusion AMHLAQ is consistent with the evaluation standard of psychometrics, has good reliability and validity, and can be used to estimate the level of MHL among undergraduates.