This article aims to promote the teaching quality in clinical pharmachology. The methods are as follows: First, understanding the difference between the clinical pharmachology and pharmachology; Second, improving the teachers’ teaching level, especially increasing the clinical experiences in using drug; Third, developing the teachers’ spirits of occupation; Last, cultivating the ability of self-teaching of students.

Objective:To study the anti-tumor effects by vaccination of mice with murine melanoma B16 cells expressing calreticulin (CRT) and Human papillomavirus 16 E2 fusion protein.Methods:Mice were inoculated with B16 cells expressing CRT,E2,or CRT-E2 by intraperitoneal injection. The inoculation was repeated after one week. The activity of CTLs and NK cells,the proliferation of T cells and the amount of IFN-? secreted by spleen lymphocytes were analysed.Results:The activity of CTLs and NK cells,and the amount of IFN-? secreted by spleen lmyphocytes from mice vaccinated with CRT-E2 fusion protein were significantly higher than those of the other groups(P

The aim of the present study, performed on two different groups of volunteers, is to characterize the pharmacokinetics of lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combined tablet. After administration of high, medium and low doses of lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combined tablets, AUC and C(max) of two compounds both increase significantly with increase of dose. Neither normalized AUC/Dose nor C(max)/Dose has significant difference between every two tested dose groups. The similar results can be observed as for the parameters of t(max). Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide are both eliminated with linear characteristics. After repeated administration of lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combined tablets, AUC, C(max) and C(min) of lisinopril in the steady state increase. AUC and C(min) increase significantly. As for hydrochlorothiazide, AUC, C(max), C(min), and t(max) also increase in steady state. AUC and C(min) increase significantly. Administered with the test medication, lisinopril has an fluctuation index (FI) value of 2.29 and reaches a relative steady concentration. But hydrochlorothiazide has an FI value of 4.09 with relatively large fluctuating concentrations.

Aim To investigate the effect of Icariin ( Ica) on remodeling of left ventricular in SHR and ex-plore the mechanism. Methods Twenty-one male SHR aged 14 weekswere randomly divided into model group(n=7), low-dose of Ica-treated group(20 mg· kg-1 . bid, n =7 ) , high-dose of Ica-treated group ( 40 mg·kg-1. bid,n=7), and WKY as control group(n=7 ) . Low- and high-dose of Ica-treated groups were given Ica from the age of 14 weeks to 26 weeks. The other rats in the model group and control group were given the same amount of double distilled water. Then, the content of hydroxyproline ( Hyp) was measured by ELISA. The morphological changes of the left ventricu-lar were observed by Masson staining. The mRNA and the protein expression of PPARα and PPARγ were ex-amined by real time RT-PCR and Western blot tech-nique respectively. Results Compared with the nor-mal control group, interstitium fibrosis and myofibrilla were lined up in disorder; the content of Hyp was in-creased and the mRNA and protein expression of PPARα and PPARγ were down-regulated in model group(P<0. 01). Compared with the model group,the myocardial cells were arranged less disorderly and the myocardial fibrosis was reduced; the content of Hyp was decreased in low-and high-dose of Ica-treated groups(P<0. 01 or P<0. 05);the mRNA and protein expression of PPARα and PPARγwere up-regulated in low- and high-dose of Ica-treated groups ( P <0. 01 or P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion Ica may attenuate left ven-tricular remodeling in SHR by up-regulating PPARαand PPARγ.

Objective To study the effects of Aralia chinesis on the proliferation and viability of fibroblasts and on the production of the hyaluronic acid(HA)in the cultured supernatant,and to explore its anti-hepatofibrosis mechanism.Methods NIH3T3 fibroblasts,which were cultured in vitro by routine method and were used as the substitutive model of hepatic stellate cells(HSC),were cultured with the rats serum containing Aralia chinese.The effects of Aralia chinesis serum on the cell proliferation was measured by methabenzthiazuron(MTT)assay and the HA content in cultured supernatant was detected by radioimmunoassay.Results Aralia chinesis serum showed no significant toxicity on NIH3T3 fibroblasts.5 %concentration serum of Aralia chinesis inhibited the cell proliferation and the synthesis of HA significantly(P

AIM: To detect the expression of the Calreticulin and HPV E2 Fusion Protein in B16, and study the effects on proliferation and apoptosis of B16 cell lines in vivo. METHODS: To construct eukaryotic fluoresce expression vector pEGFP-CRT-E2, pEGFP-CRT and pEGFP-E2. Then the recombinant plasmids were transfected into B16 cells by Lipofectamine 2000. The expression of proteins was detected by Western blot. The location of different GFP fusion proteins in B16 was tested by inverted fluoresce microscope. Flow cytometry was applied to detect the effects of fusion proteins on the growing of B16 and then the apoptosis effects of B16 induced by different proteins were observed. RESULTS: The correctly constructed recombinant plasmid pEGFP-CRT-E2 and the expression of CRT-E2 gene could be detected in B16 cells. Apoptosis of B16 cells could be detected after the transient transfection. Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate of B16 cells transfected by pEGFP-CRT-E2 was much higher than that of control cells. And cell cycle G1/G0 arrest was also found (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-CRT-E2 is successfully constructed and it could correctly express the fusion protein in B16 cells. And the B16 cells transfected by plasmid pEGFP-CRT-E2 could induce apoptosis.

Aim To explore the effect of Osthole (Ost)on the right ventricle remodeling in monocrot-alinetreated rats and the possible mechanism.Meth-ods ♂ SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,low dose of Ost treatment group (10 mg·kg -1 )and high dose of Ost treatment group (20 mg·kg -1 ).All rats were given a single dose of MCT 50 mg·kg -1 subcutaneously to establish the right ventricle remodeling except normal control group.Then the rats in Ost treatment group were ga-vaged once daily.After 28 days of administration,the right ventricle(RV)and left ventricle plus septum(LV+SEP)were weighed separately.RV hypertrophy in-dex (RVHI)were measured by the relative weight rati-o of RV to LV +SEP.The morphological changes of right ventricle were executed by HE staining.The pro-tein expression of PPARαand PPARγwere detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,RVHI was increased obviously (P <0.05 ), myocardial hypertrophy and structure disorders were observed in model group.The protein expression of PPARαand PPARγwere down-regulated significantly in model group (P <0.05).Compared with the model group,the value of RVHI (P <0.05),myocardial hy-pertrophy,structure disorders were improved signifi-cantly in Ost treatment group.The protein expression of PPARαand PPARγwere up-regulated in Ost treat-ment group (P <0.05).Conclusion Ost can attenu-ate the right ventricle remodeling induced by MCT in rats,which may be related to up-regulating the expres-sion of PPARαand PPARγ.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of pathological lesion of renal tissue in rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHR),and study its mechanisms based on nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)signaling pathway. METHODS:21 SHR were randomly di-vided into model group and ICA low-dose,high-dose groups(20,40 mg/kg,denoted by ICA-L,ICA-H groups);other 7 homolo-gous Kyoto rats (WKY) were regarded as control group. All rats were intragastrically administrated,twice a day,for 11 weeks, rats in control group and model group received equal volume of double distilled water,ig. Pathological changes in renal tissue in each group were observed;Western blot method was used to detect protein expressions of p-NF-κB-p65,IκB and TNF-α in renal tissue. RESULTS:Compared with control group,model group showed disorder renal structure,narrow and irregular glomerular cysts;the protein expression of IκB was significantly down-regulated,protein expressions of p-NF-κB-p65 and TNF-α were signifi-cantly up-regulated(P<0.01). Compared with model group,the above-mentioned changes of rats showed improvement in ICA-L, ICA-H groups;the protein expression of IκB was significantly up-regulated in ICA-L,ICA-H groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the protein expressions of p-NF-κB-p65 and TNF-α were significantly down-regulated(P<0.01)in ICA-H groups;p-NF-κB-p65 pro-tein expression was significantly down-regulated in ICA-L group(P<0.05);while there was no significant difference in TNF-αpro-tein expression in ICA-L group(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:ICA plays a role in improving renal pathological lesion in SHR,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway.

Aims To observe the effect of Icariin( Ica) on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell in spontane-ously hypertensive rats( SHR) , and to explore its pos-sible mechanism. Methods 21 male SHR of 14 weeks were randomly divided into model groups, the Ica low and high dose groups (20 or 40 mg·kg-1 ,ig, bid, to 26 weeks ) , 14 week-old male homologous Kyoto rats ( WKY ) as control group, and the number of each group was 7 . WKY group and model group were ad-ministered by gavage with the same volume of double distilled water. The pathological changes were observed by using the HE staining and the apoptosis was detec-ted by TUNEL method in renal tubular epithelial cell, respectively. The mRNA levels of Bok, Bax, Bcl-2 were detected by the real time RT-PCR and the protein expressions of Bcl-2 , Bax and Active caspase-3 were detected by Western blot method in the renal tissue. Results Compared with WKY, renal capsule was nar-row and irregular, and glomerular mesangial matrix was increased with the cell arrangement disorder and the capillary dilation and congestion. Several glomeruli shrank and renal tubular epithelial cell was edema with luminal stenosis in model group. The apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell was evident and the mRNA levels of Bok and Bax, as well as the protein expressions of Bax and Active caspase-3 were significantly up-regula-ted in model group, while the mRNA Level and protein expression of Bcl-2 significantly down-regulated ( P <0. 05 or P<0. 01). Compared with model group, renal glomerular capsule widened, proliferation of glomerular mesangial matrix was reduced, and cell arrangement disorder and capillary dilation and renal tubular lumen stenosis were improved in Ica group. Renal tubular ep-ithelial cell apoptosis was decreased evidently, and the mRNA level of Bax, Bok and protein expression of Bax were significantly down-regulated in Ica group, and the mRNA level and protein expression of Bcl-2 in Ica-H group were significantly up-regulated while the protein expression of Active caspase-3 significantly down-regu-lated( P <0. 05 or P <0. 01 ) . Conclusion Ica can inhibit the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell in spontaneously hypertensive rats and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of Bok, Bax, and Active caspase-3 , accompanied with the up-regulation of Bcl-2 .

Objective To explore the mechanism of radio-resistance of breast cancer stem cells by investigating the effects of ionzing radiation on the reactive oxygen species (ROS),apoptosis and cycle distribution.Methods The breast cancer MCF-7 cells were suspension cultured in serum-free medium containing a variety of growth factors. There were MCF-7 (breast cancer cells),MCF-7-S (breast cancer stem cells),MCF-7+8 Gy and MCF-7-S+8 Gy groups in the experiment. 4-24 h after 8 Gy irradiation, the ROS levels, percentages of apoptotic cells and percentages of the cells at each cycle phage were measured by FCM with 2′, 7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA ), Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI and PI staining, respectively. Results The breast cancer stem cell microsphere accumulated hundreds of cells were obtained successfully at 7 d after suspension culture with serum-free medium containing a variety of growth factors;the FCM results showed that CD44+CD24- phenotype breast stem cells were up to 75.20%.With the time prolongation,the ROS levels and apoptosis in MCF-7 group and MCF-7-S group showed increasing trendency, and reached for the maximum values at 12 and 24 h;the ROS levels in MCF-7-S group were significantly lower than those in MCF-7 group at 4,8,12 and 24 h (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the percentage of apoptotic cells in MCF-7-S group was significantly higher than that in MCF-7 group only at 8 h(P<0.05);the ROS levels (4,8,12 and 24 h)and percentage of apoptotic cells(12 h)were significantly increased in MCF-7+8 Gy group (P<0.05),and the percentages of apoptotic cells (4,8,12 and 24 h)in MCF-7-S +8 Gy group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),but the ROS levels had no obvious change in MCF-7-S+8 Gy.At 12 h,as compared with MCF-7 group,the percentages of the cells at G0/G1 phase and G2/M phase in MCF-7-S group were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the percentage of the cells at S phase was significantly increased (P<0.05 );the percentage of the cells at G2/M phase in MCF-7+8 Gy group was significantly increased (P<0.05 ), but there were no significant changes in MCF-7-S+ 8 Gy group. Conclusion Ionizing irradiation can cause the increasing of ROS level and apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest in breast cancer cells,but has no obvious effects on the breast cancer stem cells;it indicates that radio-resistance might be related to ROS level,apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest.