Objective:To investigate the possible interaction of Lp(a), and Lp(a) circulating immune complexes (CIC) 〔Lp(a)-CIC〕 level with triglyceride (TG). Methods:Plasma Lp(a), Lp(a)-CIC and LDL-CIC levels were determined by ELISAs in 232 patients with various dyslipidaemias, respectively. Results:Hypertriglyceridaemic patients exhibited the lowest plasma Lp(a) levels, while hypercholesterolaemic patients exhibited the highest. Patients with mixed hyperlipidaemia had intermediate serum Lp(a) concentrations, which were significantly lower than those in the controls. Interestingly, we also found that hypertriglyceridaemic patients exhibited the lowest plasma Lp(a)-CIC and LDL-CIC levels, while hypercholesterolaemic patients exhibited the highest. TG levels were negatively correlated with Lp(a) (r=-0.15, P

Objective:To observe the effects of different doses of advanced glycosylation end products ( AGEs ) on bFGF expression of cultured rabbit M üller cells in vitro.Methods:Immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy methods were used identified cultured M üller cell.Immunocytochemistry method was used to semi-quantitate bFGF expression of retinal Müller cells at 640 μl/2 000 μl AGEs conditions.We observed effects of AGEs and PKC inhibitor Calphstion C on bFGF mRNA expression .Results:640 μl/2 000 μl AGEs stimulate bFGF expression of retinal Müller cell.Calphostin C inhibits bFGF mRNA increase stimulated by AGEs,and inhibition achieves strongest at concentration 50 nmol/L.Conclusion:AGEs can stimulate bFGF expression of Müller cell to exert the role of angiogenesis .bFGF mRNA expression may be regulated by activation of PKC pathway .

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of zinc on learning and memory of lead-exposed rats and hippocampal SS and SS mRNA neurons. Met hods: Wistar rats were exposed to 6.15 mmol/L lead acetate solution or 6.15 mmol/L lead acetate and 3.10 mmol/L zinc sulfate solution for three months, and the learning and memory ability was studied with Y-maze test. The blood and hippocampal lead concentration were measured with atomic absorption spectrometry and the number of hippocampal SS and SS mRNA positive neur ons were observed with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively. Results: Compared with the control and lead-zinc group, the learning and memory ability of lead-exposed rats was significantly decreased(P

Objective: To study the effect of taurine to resist the impact of lead on learning and memory. Methods: ABC immunohistochemistry method was used to study the quantity change of nNOS positive neuron in hippocampus of the rats which were fed with distinct dosage of lead acetate in drinking water (0.02, 0.2 g/L) and distinct dosage of taurine (5,10 g/kg) in feed. Rusults: Taurine could increase nNOS positive neuron quantity obviously in hippocampus of rats induced by lead lesion. Conclusion: Taurine could resist impact of lead on learning and memory obviously.

Objective To study the inactivation kinetics and injury mechanism of Escherichia coli under UV disinfection in drinking water.Methods The inactivation kinetics of E.coli ATCC 25922 was determined by plate count methods in the UV disinfection experiment.The morphology,cell membrane permeabilization and injury of biological macromolecules were observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM).The rate of ONPG hydrolysis and changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed Raman spectroscopy.Results the changes of damaged cells involved morphological damage such as loss of the structural integrity of the wall and membrane,condensation of cellular material and leakage of significant amounts of cytoplasmic material,a more than four-fold increase of cell membrane permeabilization and damage to the structure of protein,nucleic acids and phospholipid.Conclusion UV disinfection can lead to a multi-target damage.

Persistant infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause leading to cervical cancer, which is ranked as second cancer threatening the health of women following breast cancer.Development of HPV vaccine is very important because there is no effective therapeutics for cervical cancer.Three currently licensed HPV vaccines based on major capsid protein L1 in the foreign market confered good safety and efficacy in clinical trials, but the current price is expensive due to high cost, which limits the wide application in developing countries.So far, the vaccines have not been launced in China market.Here, we review the progress and the current status of the HPV vaccine, which will attract the readers’ interest on the forthcoming emergence of HPV vaccine in China.

Objective To establish a mouse model of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) pseudovirion (PsV) transmission and evaluate the protective potency of HPV16 VLP vaccine.Methods HPV16 PsV with the encapsidated luciferase expressing plasmid Luc were generated from 293FT cells and purified by size-exclusion chromatography.The endpoint titers of HPV16 PsV-Luc were determined on 293FT cells, denoted as TRLU/mL.For in vivo genital challenge, mice were synchronized in a diestrus-like status by a subcutaneous injection with 0.1 μg β-estradiol and then with 3mg DepoProvera after 24 hours.Six hours prior to HPV16 PsV-Luc challenge, deeply anesthetized mice were intravaginally pretreated with 50 μL of 4%nonoxynol-9 ( N-9 ).HPV16 PsV-Luc was thoroughly mixed with 20 μL solution containing 4%carboxymethylcellulose ( CMC ) and intravaginally instilled using a positive-displacement pipette.Forty-eight hours after PsV-Luc challenge, mice were anesthetized and D luciferin was intravaginally instilled.After 3 minites, bioluminescence was measured with a cryogenically cooled Xenogen IVIS camera system.Then,the murine genital challenge model was used to determine the potency that HPV16 VLP vaccine is efficient at preventing HPV infection.Results HPV16 PsV-Luc was generated and purified from 293FT cells.HPV16 PsV-Luc was verified to containe L1 and L2 protein by Western blot.HPV 16 PsV-Luc successfully infected vaginal epithelial cells of mouse and the murine genital challenge model was established.To achieve consistent bioluminescence, the minimal dose of HPV16 PsV-Luc was 1.7 ×104 TRLU.The protective potency of HPV16 VLP vaccine was shown using this murine model.Our data showed that immune serum with over neutralizing antibody titer of 256-fold was sufficient to confer protection against HPV PsV genital infection .Conclusion The murine genital challenge model of HPV16 was successfully established, and the model is used to evaluate the potency of HPV16 VLP vaccine against in vivo genital HPV16 PsV challenge.Our model will benefit for the investigation of HPV neutralization and the potency evaluation of the HPV vaccine .

Objective:To investigate the expression of mmp-2 in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN) rat renal tissue and the effects of nourishing kidney and activating blood flow recipe of TCM. Methods: 54 Male SD rats were divided into control group, MsPGN group and treatment group with nourishing kidney and activating blood flow recipe of TCM. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, western blot and RT-PCR were used to check the protein expression of mmp-2. Results: In MsPGN group, following with the disease progressing, the glomerulus grew graduatly, ECM increased, the basement membrane of glomerulus was thicker. The immunohistochemical staining showed that the chief positive granules were deposited in glomerulus and renal tubular, the expression of mmp-2 was lower than that in control group, but in treatment group the expression of mmp-2 was higher than that in MsPGN group. Conclusion: In MsPGN renal tissue, the expression of mmp-2 was reduced, its activity was weakened. Nourishing kidney and activating blood flow recipe of TCM could induce the expression of MMP-2 and partly recover the activity. Nourishing kidney and activating blood flow recipe of TCM could resist glomerular sclerosis and postpone the course of chronic renal failure.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Bushen Huoxue Recipe (Recipe to reinforce the kidney and activate blood) in the treatment of glomerulosclerosis of the rats with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN).Methods Fifty-four SD male rats were randomized into normal group, model group, and treated group with 18 rats in each. The MsPGN models were made by injection of anti-rat-thymocyte antiserum (ATS) through the tail vein. After modeling, the treated group was administered Bushen Huoxue Recipe with a dosage of 5ml/kg, once a day. Six rats from each group were selected in the second, fourth, and eighth week respectively to determine the content of urine protein (Upro), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr), and the kidney was cut for pathological observation and immunohistochemical detection of the kidney tissues, the expression of Ⅳ-type collagen (Col-Ⅳ) and laminin (LN).Results The pathological determination showed that, at the same time points, the hyperplasia of mesangial cells in the treated group was significantly relieved and mesangial matrix reduced as compared with the model group. The content of Upro, BUN and SCr at all time points in the treated group was significantly decreased as compared with the model group (P

Objective:To study the effects of T-2 toxin on expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) in articular cartilage and subchondral marrow of rats under low selenium condition, and to explore the mechanism of deep cartilage injury and secondary complications in Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD).Methods:Twenty-four healthy male SD rats weighted 60 - 80 g were selected, they were divided into conventional feed group (selenium content of 101.5 μg/kg) and low-selenium feed group (selenium content of 1.1 μg/kg) by random number table method, with 12 rats in each group. After 30 days of feeding, the conventional feed group was further divided into control group and T-2 toxin group (100 μg·kg -1·d -1), and the low-selenium feed group was further divided into low-selenium group and low-selenium+ T-2 toxin group, with 6 rats in each group. After 30 days of feeding, the rats were sacrificed and the knee cartilage with cancellous bone was taken. Pathological changes of knee cartilage were observed by HE staining. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of FGF8 and FGFR3 in cartilage and subchondral marrow of knee joint, positive expression rates of FGF8 and FGFR3 in articular cartilage were calculated, and the integrated optical density (IOD) values of FGF8 and FGFR3 positive expression in subchondral marrow were analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Results:Under light microscope, chondrocytes in low-selenium+ T-2 toxin group were sparse, and empty chondrocytes in the deep and middle layers of articular cartilage increased, and chondrocytes died and became red cell shadows. The extracellular matrix dissolved and was slightly stained in deep region, turning into necrotic and unstructurized areas. Proliferating granulation tissue was visible nearby. The positive expression rate of FGF8 in articular cartilage of rats in low-selenium+ T-2 toxin group [(88.61 ± 10.97)%] was higher than that in control, low-selenium and T-2 toxin groups [(10.35 ± 2.48)%, (19.26 ± 3.08)%, (58.89 ± 9.29)%, P < 0.05]; IOD value of FGF8 positive expression in subchondral marrow [(16.73 ± 1.72) × 10 6] was higher than that in control, low-selenium and T-2 toxin groups [(1.20 ± 0.41) × 10 6, (4.33 ± 0.97) × 10 6, (12.80 ± 1.12) × 10 6, P < 0.05]. The positive expression rate of FGFR3 in articular cartilage of rats in low-selenium+ T-2 toxin group [(89.76 ± 8.59)%] was higher than that in control, low-selenium and T-2 toxin groups [(13.18 ± 2.25)%, (21.15 ± 2.33)%, (32.55 ± 6.72)%, P < 0.05]; IOD value of FGFR3 positive expression in subchondral marrow [(16.50 ± 5.36) × 10 6] was higher than that in control, low-selenium and T-2 toxin groups [(7.58 ± 1.02) × 10 6, (10.73 ± 7.13) × 10 6, (9.83 ± 5.63) × 10 6, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Under low selenium condition, T-2 toxin changes expression of FGF8 and FGFR3 in deep chondrocytes of articular cartilage and subchondral marrow in rats, elevated expression of FGF8 and FGFR3 may be involved in the occurrence and development of secondary changes in KBD.